fix: Improve rendering stability

Iterating on arrows
Fixes and handling
2025-09-05 12:58:22 +02:00 · 2025-08-26 14:55:40 +02:00 · 2025-08-25 14:46:07 +02:00 · 2025-08-25 11:20:38 +02:00 · 2025-08-25 10:42:47 +02:00 · 2025-08-20 17:53:20 +02:00
42 changed files with 2991 additions and 778 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: Playwright Tests
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main, master ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main, master ]
+jobs:
+  test:
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      with:
+        node-version: lts/*
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: npm install -g yarn && yarn
+    - name: Install Playwright Browsers
+      run: yarn playwright install --with-deps
+    - name: Run Playwright tests
+      run: yarn playwright test
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+      with:
+        name: playwright-report
+        path: playwright-report/
+        retention-days: 30
@@ -27,3 +27,9 @@ dev-dist
 html
 meta*.json
 .claude
+
+# Playwright
+/test-results/
+/playwright-report/
+/blob-report/
+/playwright/.cache/
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ import type {
 import type { ResolutionType } from "@excalidraw/common/utility-types";
 import type { ResolvablePromise } from "@excalidraw/common/utils";

+import "./record";
 import CustomStats from "./CustomStats";
 import {
  Provider,
@@ -259,7 +259,9 @@ export const loadFromFirebase = async (
  }
  const storedScene = docSnap.data() as FirebaseStoredScene;
  const elements = getSyncableElements(
-    restoreElements(await decryptElements(storedScene, roomKey), null),
+    restoreElements(await decryptElements(storedScene, roomKey), null, {
+      deleteInvisibleElements: true,
+    }),
  );

  if (socket) {
@@ -258,11 +258,16 @@ export const loadScene = async (
      await importFromBackend(id, privateKey),
      localDataState?.appState,
      localDataState?.elements,
-      { repairBindings: true, refreshDimensions: false },
+      {
+        repairBindings: true,
+        refreshDimensions: false,
+        deleteInvisibleElements: true,
+      },
    );
  } else {
    data = restore(localDataState || null, null, null, {
      repairBindings: true,
+      deleteInvisibleElements: true,
    });
  }

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 <html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
-    <title>Excalidraw | Hand-drawn look & feel • Collaborative • Secure</title>
+    <title>
+      Free, collaborative whiteboard • Hand-drawn look & feel | Excalidraw
+    </title>
    <meta
      name="viewport"
      content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no, viewport-fit=cover, shrink-to-fit=no"
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@
    <!-- Primary Meta Tags -->
    <meta
      name="title"
-      content="Excalidraw — Collaborative whiteboarding made easy"
+      content="Free, collaborative whiteboard • Hand-drawn look & feel | Excalidraw"
    />
    <meta
      name="description"
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
    "build:version": "node ../scripts/build-version.js",
    "build": "yarn build:app && yarn build:version",
    "start": "yarn && vite",
+    "start:test": "yarn && vite --mode test",
    "start:production": "yarn build && yarn serve",
    "serve": "npx http-server build -a localhost -p 5001 -o",
    "build:preview": "yarn build && vite preview --port 5000"
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+import { isDevEnv } from "@excalidraw/common";
+
+declare global {
+  interface Window {
+    record: typeof Record;
+  }
+}
+
+export class Record {
+  private static recording: boolean = false;
+  private static events: string = "";
+  private static timestamp: number = 0;
+
+  public static get isRecording() {
+    return Record.recording;
+  }
+
+  private static header() {
+    Record.events += "  await page.addInitScript(() => {\n";
+    Record.events += "    Math.random = () => 0.42;\n\n";
+
+    // Capture LocalStorage, which is essential to re-establish state
+    for (let i = 0; i < localStorage.length; i++) {
+      const key = localStorage.key(i);
+      if (key != null) {
+        const value = JSON.stringify(localStorage.getItem(key));
+        Record.events += `    localStorage.getItem("${key}");\n`;
+        Record.events += `    localStorage.setItem("${key}", ${value});\n`;
+      }
+    }
+    Record.events += "  });\n";
+    Record.events += `  await page.setViewportSize({ width: ${window.innerWidth}, height: ${window.innerHeight} });\n`;
+    Record.events += `  await page.goto("http://localhost:3000");\n`;
+    Record.events += `  await page.waitForLoadState("load");\n`;
+  }
+
+  public static restart() {
+    if (!Record.recording) {
+      Record.start();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    Record.events += `});\n\n`;
+    Record.events += `test("${
+      Date.now() + Math.floor(Math.random() * Date.now()).toString(36)
+    }", async ({ page }) => {\n`;
+
+    Record.header();
+  }
+
+  public static start() {
+    Record.recording = true;
+
+    // Record header
+    this.header();
+
+    // Set up the events
+    Record.timestamp = performance.now();
+
+    window.addEventListener("mousemove", this.onMouseMove);
+    window.addEventListener("mousedown", this.onMouseDown);
+    window.addEventListener("mouseup", this.onMouseUp);
+    window.addEventListener("keydown", this.onKeyDown);
+    window.addEventListener("keyup", this.onKeyUp);
+  }
+
+  public static stop() {
+    window.removeEventListener("mousemove", this.onMouseMove);
+    window.removeEventListener("mousedown", this.onMouseDown);
+    window.removeEventListener("mouseup", this.onMouseUp);
+    window.removeEventListener("keydown", this.onKeyDown);
+    window.removeEventListener("keyup", this.onKeyUp);
+    Record.recording = false;
+  }
+
+  /// Displays a window as an absolutely positioned DIV with the generated
+  /// events within <pre> tags as formatted JSON, so it can be copied easily.
+  public static showGeneratedEvents() {
+    if (Record.recording) {
+      Record.stop();
+    }
+
+    const div = document.createElement("div");
+    div.style.position = "absolute";
+    div.style.top = "10px";
+    div.style.right = "10px";
+    div.style.left = "10px";
+    div.style.height = "60vh";
+    div.style.backgroundColor = "gray";
+    div.style.padding = "10px";
+    div.style.zIndex = "10000";
+
+    const pre = document.createElement("pre");
+
+    let textContent = `import { expect, test } from "@playwright/test";\n\n`;
+    textContent += `test("${
+      Date.now() + Math.floor(Math.random() * Date.now()).toString(36)
+    }", async ({ page }) => {\n`;
+    textContent += Record.events;
+    textContent += `});\n`;
+
+    pre.textContent = textContent;
+    //pre.textContent = Record.events;
+
+    pre.style.marginTop = "18px";
+    pre.style.maxHeight = "60vh";
+    pre.style.overflow = "auto";
+    div.appendChild(pre);
+
+    const copyBtn = document.createElement("button");
+    copyBtn.textContent = "Copy";
+    copyBtn.title = "Copy generated events to clipboard";
+    copyBtn.setAttribute("aria-label", "Copy generated events to clipboard");
+    copyBtn.style.position = "absolute";
+    copyBtn.style.top = "4px";
+    copyBtn.style.left = "4px";
+    copyBtn.style.border = "none";
+    copyBtn.style.background = "transparent";
+    copyBtn.style.fontSize = "12px";
+    copyBtn.style.lineHeight = "1";
+    copyBtn.style.cursor = "pointer";
+    copyBtn.style.padding = "4px 8px";
+    copyBtn.addEventListener("click", async () => {
+      const text = pre.textContent ?? "";
+      try {
+        if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) {
+          await navigator.clipboard.writeText(text);
+        } else {
+          const ta = document.createElement("textarea");
+          ta.value = text;
+          document.body.appendChild(ta);
+          ta.select();
+          document.execCommand("copy");
+          document.body.removeChild(ta);
+        }
+        const orig = copyBtn.textContent;
+        copyBtn.textContent = "Copied";
+        setTimeout(() => (copyBtn.textContent = orig), 1000);
+      } catch {}
+    });
+    div.appendChild(copyBtn);
+
+    const closeBtn = document.createElement("button");
+    closeBtn.textContent = "×";
+    closeBtn.title = "Close";
+    closeBtn.style.position = "absolute";
+    closeBtn.style.top = "4px";
+    closeBtn.style.right = "4px";
+    closeBtn.style.border = "none";
+    closeBtn.style.background = "transparent";
+    closeBtn.style.fontSize = "18px";
+    closeBtn.style.lineHeight = "1";
+    closeBtn.style.cursor = "pointer";
+    closeBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
+      // remove the dialog from DOM
+      if (div.parentNode) {
+        div.parentNode.removeChild(div);
+      }
+    });
+    div.appendChild(closeBtn);
+
+    document.body.appendChild(div);
+  }
+
+  private static onMouseMove(event: MouseEvent) {
+    if (
+      event.clientX < 0 ||
+      event.clientX > window.innerWidth ||
+      event.clientY < 0 ||
+      event.clientY > window.innerHeight
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const now = event.timeStamp || performance.now();
+    const delay = now - Record.timestamp;
+    Record.timestamp = now;
+
+    if (delay > 0) {
+      Record.events += `  await page.waitForTimeout(${delay});\n`;
+    }
+    Record.events += `  await page.mouse.move(${event.clientX}, ${event.clientY});\n`;
+  }
+
+  private static onMouseDown(event: MouseEvent) {
+    const now = event.timeStamp || performance.now();
+    const delay = now - Record.timestamp;
+    Record.timestamp = now;
+
+    if (delay > 0) {
+      Record.events += `  await page.waitForTimeout(${delay});\n`;
+    }
+    const button =
+      event.button === 0 ? "left" : event.button === 1 ? "middle" : "right";
+    Record.events += `  await page.mouse.down({ button: "${button}" });\n`;
+  }
+
+  private static onMouseUp(event: MouseEvent) {
+    const now = event.timeStamp || performance.now();
+    const delay = now - Record.timestamp;
+    Record.timestamp = now;
+
+    if (delay > 0) {
+      Record.events += `  await page.waitForTimeout(${delay});\n`;
+    }
+    const button =
+      event.button === 0 ? "left" : event.button === 1 ? "middle" : "right";
+    Record.events += `  await page.mouse.up({ button: "${button}" });\n`;
+
+    Record.events += "  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot({\n";
+    Record.events += "    maxDiffPixels: 100,\n";
+    Record.events += "    maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01,\n";
+    Record.events += "  });\n";
+  }
+
+  private static onKeyDown(event: KeyboardEvent) {
+    // Only record if the recording key is not pressed
+    if (event.key !== "F2") {
+      const now = event.timeStamp || performance.now();
+      const delay = now - Record.timestamp;
+      Record.timestamp = now;
+
+      if (delay > 0) {
+        Record.events += `  await page.waitForTimeout(${delay});\n`;
+      }
+      Record.events += `  await page.keyboard.down("${event.key}");\n`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static onKeyUp(event: KeyboardEvent) {
+    // Only record if the recording key is not pressed
+    if (event.key !== "F2") {
+      const now = event.timeStamp || performance.now();
+      const delay = now - Record.timestamp;
+      Record.timestamp = now;
+
+      if (delay > 0) {
+        Record.events += `  await page.waitForTimeout(${delay});\n`;
+      }
+      Record.events += `  await page.keyboard.up("${event.key}");\n`;
+
+      Record.events += "  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot({\n";
+      Record.events += "    maxDiffPixels: 100,\n";
+      Record.events += "    maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01,\n";
+      Record.events += "  });\n";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+if (isDevEnv()) {
+  window.record = Record;
+
+  window.addEventListener("keyup", (event) => {
+    if (event.key === "F2") {
+      if (Record.isRecording) {
+        if (event.ctrlKey) {
+          console.info("Stopping Playwright recording");
+          Record.stop();
+        } else {
+          Record.restart();
+        }
+      } else {
+        console.info("Starting Playwright recording");
+        Record.start();
+      }
+    } else if (event.key === "Enter" && event.ctrlKey) {
+      Record.showGeneratedEvents();
+    }
+  });
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,716 @@
+import { expect, test } from "@playwright/test";
+
+test("17562123239901g67cqde", async ({ page }) => {
+  await page.addInitScript(() => {
+    Math.random = () => 0.42;
+
+    localStorage.getItem("i18nextLng");
+    localStorage.setItem("i18nextLng", "en");
+    localStorage.getItem("excalidraw-collab");
+    localStorage.setItem("excalidraw-collab", '{"username":""}');
+    localStorage.getItem("excalidraw-debug");
+    localStorage.setItem("excalidraw-debug", '{"enabled":true}');
+    localStorage.getItem("excalidraw-theme");
+    localStorage.setItem("excalidraw-theme", "dark");
+    localStorage.getItem("version-files");
+    localStorage.setItem("version-files", "1756212319038");
+    localStorage.getItem("version-dataState");
+    localStorage.setItem("version-dataState", "1756212319038");
+    localStorage.getItem("excalidraw-state");
+    localStorage.setItem(
+      "excalidraw-state",
+      '{"showWelcomeScreen":true,"theme":"dark","currentChartType":"bar","currentItemBackgroundColor":"#a5d8ff","currentItemEndArrowhead":"arrow","currentItemFillStyle":"solid","currentItemFontFamily":5,"currentItemFontSize":20,"currentItemOpacity":100,"currentItemRoughness":2,"currentItemStartArrowhead":null,"currentItemStrokeColor":"#1e1e1e","currentItemRoundness":"round","currentItemArrowType":"round","currentItemStrokeStyle":"solid","currentItemStrokeWidth":2,"currentItemTextAlign":"left","cursorButton":"up","editingGroupId":null,"activeTool":{"type":"arrow","customType":null,"locked":false,"fromSelection":false,"lastActiveTool":null},"penMode":false,"penDetected":false,"exportBackground":true,"exportScale":1,"exportEmbedScene":false,"exportWithDarkMode":false,"gridSize":20,"gridStep":5,"gridModeEnabled":false,"defaultSidebarDockedPreference":false,"lastPointerDownWith":"mouse","name":"Untitled-2025-07-28-1603","openMenu":null,"openSidebar":null,"previousSelectedElementIds":{},"scrolledOutside":false,"scrollX":688.1079394457738,"scrollY":349.585883261872,"selectedElementIds":{},"selectedGroupIds":{},"shouldCacheIgnoreZoom":false,"stats":{"open":true,"panels":3},"viewBackgroundColor":"#ffffff","zenModeEnabled":false,"zoom":{"value":1.331666},"selectedLinearElement":null,"objectsSnapModeEnabled":false,"lockedMultiSelections":{}}',
+    );
+    localStorage.getItem("excalidraw");
+    localStorage.setItem(
+      "excalidraw",
+      '[{"id":"hJuTw4QcwTsFtadNNnkLj","type":"rectangle","x":-100,"y":-100,"width":200,"height":200,"angle":0,"strokeColor":"#1e1e1e","backgroundColor":"#a5d8ff","fillStyle":"solid","strokeWidth":2,"strokeStyle":"solid","roughness":1,"opacity":100,"groupIds":[],"frameId":null,"index":"a1","roundness":{"type":3},"seed":43277494,"version":839,"versionNonce":1923298088,"isDeleted":false,"boundElements":[{"id":"0xSZCPMN8RzKiJOpvGaKB","type":"arrow"}],"updated":1756212298830,"link":null,"locked":false},{"id":"qXw5KqKvAjHRr5uwPi9B-","type":"rectangle","x":-523.1841597523046,"y":-129.52451989693097,"width":200,"height":200,"angle":0,"strokeColor":"#1e1e1e","backgroundColor":"#a5d8ff","fillStyle":"solid","strokeWidth":2,"strokeStyle":"solid","roughness":1,"opacity":100,"groupIds":[],"frameId":null,"index":"a2","roundness":{"type":3},"seed":392633439,"version":963,"versionNonce":210394408,"isDeleted":false,"boundElements":[{"id":"0xSZCPMN8RzKiJOpvGaKB","type":"arrow"}],"updated":1756212298830,"link":null,"locked":false}]',
+    );
+  });
+  await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1280, height: 1001 });
+  await page.goto("http://localhost:3000");
+  await page.waitForLoadState("load");
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3.599999999627471);
+  await page.mouse.move(425, 390);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(9.900000000372529);
+  await page.mouse.move(424, 390);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(51.09999999962747);
+  await page.mouse.move(423, 390);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(423, 392);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(422, 392);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(420, 393);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(420, 395);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(418, 395);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(6);
+  await page.mouse.move(417, 396);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(416, 396);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(416, 397);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(414, 397);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(414, 399);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(413, 399);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(413, 401);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(413, 402);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(411, 402);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(411, 403);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(32);
+  await page.mouse.move(412, 403);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(412, 403);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4);
+  await page.mouse.move(412, 402);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(413, 402);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.900000000372529);
+  await page.mouse.move(413, 400);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.099999999627471);
+  await page.mouse.move(415, 400);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(7);
+  await page.mouse.move(416, 400);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(71);
+  await page.mouse.move(417, 400);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(450);
+  await page.mouse.move(417, 399);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(6);
+  await page.mouse.move(418, 399);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(6.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(419, 399);
+  await page.mouse.down({ button: "left" });
+  await page.waitForTimeout(11.899999999441206);
+  await page.mouse.move(420, 399);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(69);
+  await page.mouse.move(421, 399);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(13);
+  await page.mouse.move(422, 399);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(7.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(423, 399);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(5.3999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(425, 399);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.5);
+  await page.mouse.move(427, 401);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4);
+  await page.mouse.move(428, 401);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(428, 403);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(430, 403);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(432, 403);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(432, 404);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(433, 404);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(434, 404);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(436, 406);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(437, 406);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(438, 407);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(440, 407);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(442, 407);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(443, 409);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(445, 409);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(447, 411);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(451, 411);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(455, 411);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(457, 413);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(459, 413);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(461, 415);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(463, 417);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(467, 419);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(469, 419);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(471, 420);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(473, 424);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(477, 424);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(477, 426);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(478, 426);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(482, 428);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(484, 430);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(486, 430);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(488, 430);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(488, 432);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(489, 432);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(491, 432);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(493, 434);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(495, 434);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(499, 436);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(501, 436);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(502, 436);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(504, 438);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(506, 440);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(508, 440);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(510, 442);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(512, 444);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(514, 444);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(514, 445);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(515, 445);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(517, 445);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(517, 447);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(519, 448);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(521, 448);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(522, 450);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(524, 450);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(525, 450);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(527, 450);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(529, 450);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(530, 450);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(532, 450);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(533, 451);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(6);
+  await page.mouse.move(534, 451);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(535, 451);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(535, 453);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(537, 453);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(538, 453);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(540, 453);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(540, 454);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(541, 454);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(542, 454);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(543, 454);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(544, 454);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(544, 455);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(546, 455);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(547, 455);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(548, 455);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(549, 455);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(551, 455);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(552, 455);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(554, 455);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(555, 455);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(557, 455);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(559, 457);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(560, 457);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(562, 459);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(564, 459);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(566, 459);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(567, 459);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(569, 459);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(570, 459);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(574, 460);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(575, 460);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(575, 462);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(577, 464);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(578, 464);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(580, 464);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(582, 465);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(584, 465);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(585, 465);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(586, 465);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(588, 467);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(590, 467);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(591, 467);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(591, 468);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(594, 468);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(595, 468);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(597, 468);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.7000000001862645);
+  await page.mouse.move(601, 470);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.400000000372529);
+  await page.mouse.move(602, 470);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(603, 470);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(605, 470);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(607, 470);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(608, 470);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(610, 470);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(612, 470);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(613, 470);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.2000000001862645);
+  await page.mouse.move(613, 471);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.7999999998137355);
+  await page.mouse.move(614, 471);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(616, 473);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(618, 473);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(621, 473);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(623, 473);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(625, 473);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(626, 473);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(628, 473);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(629, 473);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(631, 473);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(634, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(636, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(638, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(639, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(640, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(642, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(644, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(647, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(649, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(650, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(652, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(653, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(655, 475);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(656, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(658, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(659, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(660, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(662, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(663, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(664, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(666, 474);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(668, 474);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(670, 474);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(671, 474);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(673, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(675, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(678, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(680, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(682, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4);
+  await page.mouse.move(683, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(684, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(686, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(690, 476);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(694, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(696, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(698, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(699, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(703, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(705, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(707, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(708, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(711, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(713, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(714, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(716, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(717, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(719, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(722, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(724, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(725, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(726, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(727, 478);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(733, 480);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(734, 480);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(735, 480);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(737, 480);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(739, 480);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(740, 480);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(742, 480);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(744, 480);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(744, 482);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(745, 482);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(747, 482);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(748, 482);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4);
+  await page.mouse.move(749, 482);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(751, 482);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(753, 482);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(755, 482);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(758, 482);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(760, 482);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(6);
+  await page.mouse.move(761, 483);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(763, 484);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(765, 484);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(766, 485);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(767, 485);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(11);
+  await page.mouse.move(768, 485);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(12.100000000558794);
+  await page.mouse.move(769, 485);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(51.89999999944121);
+  await page.mouse.move(770, 485);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(9);
+  await page.mouse.move(771, 485);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(772, 485);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(5);
+  await page.mouse.move(773, 485);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(774, 485);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(776, 487);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4);
+  await page.mouse.move(777, 487);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(778, 487);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(779, 487);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(780, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(781, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(782, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(784, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(785, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(786, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(788, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(8.899999999441206);
+  await page.mouse.move(789, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(790, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(5);
+  await page.mouse.move(791, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4);
+  await page.mouse.move(792, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(6.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(793, 488);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(793, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(6);
+  await page.mouse.move(794, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(795, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(7.599999999627471);
+  await page.mouse.move(796, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3.400000000372529);
+  await page.mouse.move(797, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(798, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(799, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(800, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(801, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(802, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(803, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(804, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(805, 489);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(5.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(806, 490);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(807, 490);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(809, 490);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(810, 490);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(812, 490);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(813, 490);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(815, 490);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(816, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(818, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(819, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(820, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(822, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(823, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(825, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(826, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(827, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(828, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(830, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(831, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(832, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(833, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(6.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(835, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(836, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(838, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(0.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(839, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(841, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(842, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(843, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(843, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(844, 492);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4);
+  await page.mouse.move(844, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(845, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(846, 493);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4);
+  await page.mouse.move(847, 494);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(24.899999999441206);
+  await page.mouse.move(847, 495);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(29.100000000558794);
+  await page.mouse.move(848, 495);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(297.8999999994412);
+  await page.mouse.move(848, 495);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(5.7000000001862645);
+  await page.mouse.up({ button: "left" });
+  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot({
+    maxDiffPixels: 100,
+    maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01,
+  });
+  await page.waitForTimeout(11.299999999813735);
+  await page.mouse.move(847, 495);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(199.1000000005588);
+  await page.mouse.move(847, 495);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(249.29999999981374);
+  await page.mouse.move(846, 495);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(5.7000000001862645);
+  await page.mouse.move(846, 496);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(6);
+  await page.mouse.move(845, 496);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(845, 497);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(9);
+  await page.mouse.move(845, 498);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3.8999999994412065);
+  await page.mouse.move(844, 498);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(844, 500);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(8);
+  await page.mouse.move(844, 501);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(843, 501);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(137);
+  await page.mouse.move(844, 501);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(68.09999999962747);
+  await page.mouse.move(845, 501);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(7.7999999998137355);
+  await page.mouse.move(845, 500);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(1);
+  await page.mouse.move(846, 500);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4);
+  await page.mouse.move(847, 500);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(848, 500);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3.1000000005587935);
+  await page.mouse.move(849, 500);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(850, 500);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(5);
+  await page.mouse.move(851, 500);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2);
+  await page.mouse.move(852, 499);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(854, 499);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(5);
+  await page.mouse.move(855, 499);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3);
+  await page.mouse.move(856, 499);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(6);
+  await page.mouse.move(857, 499);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(12);
+  await page.mouse.move(858, 499);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(24);
+  await page.mouse.move(858, 498);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4);
+  await page.mouse.move(858, 498);
+  await page.waitForTimeout(59.200000000186265);
+  await page.keyboard.down("Control");
+});
@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@
    "@babel/preset-env": "7.26.9",
    "@excalidraw/eslint-config": "1.0.3",
    "@excalidraw/prettier-config": "1.0.2",
+    "@playwright/test": "1.55.0",
    "@types/chai": "4.3.0",
    "@types/jest": "27.4.0",
    "@types/lodash.throttle": "4.1.7",
+    "@types/node": "24.3.0",
    "@types/react": "19.0.10",
    "@types/react-dom": "19.0.4",
    "@types/socket.io-client": "3.0.0",
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@
    "build:preview": "yarn --cwd ./excalidraw-app build:preview",
    "start": "yarn --cwd ./excalidraw-app start",
    "start:production": "yarn --cwd ./excalidraw-app start:production",
+    "start:test": "yarn --cwd ./excalidraw-app start:test",
    "start:example": "yarn build:packages && yarn --cwd ./examples/with-script-in-browser start",
    "test:all": "yarn test:typecheck && yarn test:code && yarn test:other && yarn test:app --watch=false",
    "test:app": "vitest",
@@ -18,13 +18,22 @@ export const isChrome = navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Chrome") !== -1;
 export const isSafari =
  !isChrome && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Safari") !== -1;
 export const isIOS =
-  /iPad|iPhone/.test(navigator.platform) ||
+  /iPad|iPhone/i.test(navigator.platform) ||
  // iPadOS 13+
  (navigator.userAgent.includes("Mac") && "ontouchend" in document);
 // keeping function so it can be mocked in test
 export const isBrave = () =>
  (navigator as any).brave?.isBrave?.name === "isBrave";

+export const isMobile =
+  isIOS ||
+  /android|webos|ipod|blackberry|iemobile|opera mini/i.test(
+    navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(),
+  ) ||
+  /android|ios|ipod|blackberry|windows phone/i.test(
+    navigator.platform.toLowerCase(),
+  );
+
 export const supportsResizeObserver =
  typeof window !== "undefined" && "ResizeObserver" in window;

@@ -164,9 +164,14 @@ export class Scene {
    return this.frames;
  }

-  constructor(elements: ElementsMapOrArray | null = null) {
+  constructor(
+    elements: ElementsMapOrArray | null = null,
+    options?: {
+      skipValidation?: true;
+    },
+  ) {
    if (elements) {
-      this.replaceAllElements(elements);
+      this.replaceAllElements(elements, options);
    }
  }

@@ -263,12 +268,19 @@ export class Scene {
    return didChange;
  }

-  replaceAllElements(nextElements: ElementsMapOrArray) {
+  replaceAllElements(
+    nextElements: ElementsMapOrArray,
+    options?: {
+      skipValidation?: true;
+    },
+  ) {
    // we do trust the insertion order on the map, though maybe we shouldn't and should prefer order defined by fractional indices
    const _nextElements = toArray(nextElements);
    const nextFrameLikes: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement[] = [];

-    validateIndicesThrottled(_nextElements);
+    if (!options?.skipValidation) {
+      validateIndicesThrottled(_nextElements);
+    }

    this.elements = syncInvalidIndices(_nextElements);
    this.elementsMap.clear();
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import {
  arrayToMap,
  arrayToObject,
  assertNever,
-  invariant,
  isDevEnv,
  isShallowEqual,
  isTestEnv,
@@ -56,10 +55,10 @@ import { getNonDeletedGroupIds } from "./groups";

 import { orderByFractionalIndex, syncMovedIndices } from "./fractionalIndex";

-import { Scene } from "./Scene";
-
 import { StoreSnapshot } from "./store";

+import { Scene } from "./Scene";
+
 import type { BindableProp, BindingProp } from "./binding";

 import type { ElementUpdate } from "./mutateElement";
@@ -151,13 +150,27 @@ export class Delta<T> {
    );
  }

+  /**
+   * Merges two deltas into a new one.
+   */
+  public static merge<T>(
+    delta1: Delta<T>,
+    delta2: Delta<T>,
+    delta3: Delta<T> = Delta.empty(),
+  ) {
+    return Delta.create(
+      { ...delta1.deleted, ...delta2.deleted, ...delta3.deleted },
+      { ...delta1.inserted, ...delta2.inserted, ...delta3.inserted },
+    );
+  }
+
  /**
   * Merges deleted and inserted object partials.
   */
  public static mergeObjects<T extends { [key: string]: unknown }>(
    prev: T,
    added: T,
-    removed: T,
+    removed: T = {} as T,
  ) {
    const cloned = { ...prev };

@@ -497,6 +510,11 @@ export interface DeltaContainer<T> {
   */
  applyTo(previous: T, ...options: unknown[]): [T, boolean];

+  /**
+   * Squashes the current delta with the given one.
+   */
+  squash(delta: DeltaContainer<T>): this;
+
  /**
   * Checks whether all `Delta`s are empty.
   */
@@ -504,7 +522,11 @@ export interface DeltaContainer<T> {
 }

 export class AppStateDelta implements DeltaContainer<AppState> {
-  private constructor(public readonly delta: Delta<ObservedAppState>) {}
+  private constructor(public delta: Delta<ObservedAppState>) {}
+
+  public static create(delta: Delta<ObservedAppState>): AppStateDelta {
+    return new AppStateDelta(delta);
+  }

  public static calculate<T extends ObservedAppState>(
    prevAppState: T,
@@ -535,76 +557,137 @@ export class AppStateDelta implements DeltaContainer<AppState> {
    return new AppStateDelta(inversedDelta);
  }

+  public squash(delta: AppStateDelta): this {
+    if (delta.isEmpty()) {
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    const mergedDeletedSelectedElementIds = Delta.mergeObjects(
+      this.delta.deleted.selectedElementIds ?? {},
+      delta.delta.deleted.selectedElementIds ?? {},
+    );
+
+    const mergedInsertedSelectedElementIds = Delta.mergeObjects(
+      this.delta.inserted.selectedElementIds ?? {},
+      delta.delta.inserted.selectedElementIds ?? {},
+    );
+
+    const mergedDeletedSelectedGroupIds = Delta.mergeObjects(
+      this.delta.deleted.selectedGroupIds ?? {},
+      delta.delta.deleted.selectedGroupIds ?? {},
+    );
+
+    const mergedInsertedSelectedGroupIds = Delta.mergeObjects(
+      this.delta.inserted.selectedGroupIds ?? {},
+      delta.delta.inserted.selectedGroupIds ?? {},
+    );
+
+    const mergedDeletedLockedMultiSelections = Delta.mergeObjects(
+      this.delta.deleted.lockedMultiSelections ?? {},
+      delta.delta.deleted.lockedMultiSelections ?? {},
+    );
+
+    const mergedInsertedLockedMultiSelections = Delta.mergeObjects(
+      this.delta.inserted.lockedMultiSelections ?? {},
+      delta.delta.inserted.lockedMultiSelections ?? {},
+    );
+
+    const mergedInserted: Partial<ObservedAppState> = {};
+    const mergedDeleted: Partial<ObservedAppState> = {};
+
+    if (
+      Object.keys(mergedDeletedSelectedElementIds).length ||
+      Object.keys(mergedInsertedSelectedElementIds).length
+    ) {
+      mergedDeleted.selectedElementIds = mergedDeletedSelectedElementIds;
+      mergedInserted.selectedElementIds = mergedInsertedSelectedElementIds;
+    }
+
+    if (
+      Object.keys(mergedDeletedSelectedGroupIds).length ||
+      Object.keys(mergedInsertedSelectedGroupIds).length
+    ) {
+      mergedDeleted.selectedGroupIds = mergedDeletedSelectedGroupIds;
+      mergedInserted.selectedGroupIds = mergedInsertedSelectedGroupIds;
+    }
+
+    if (
+      Object.keys(mergedDeletedLockedMultiSelections).length ||
+      Object.keys(mergedInsertedLockedMultiSelections).length
+    ) {
+      mergedDeleted.lockedMultiSelections = mergedDeletedLockedMultiSelections;
+      mergedInserted.lockedMultiSelections =
+        mergedInsertedLockedMultiSelections;
+    }
+
+    this.delta = Delta.merge(
+      this.delta,
+      delta.delta,
+      Delta.create(mergedDeleted, mergedInserted),
+    );
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
  public applyTo(
    appState: AppState,
    nextElements: SceneElementsMap,
  ): [AppState, boolean] {
    try {
      const {
-        selectedElementIds: removedSelectedElementIds = {},
-        selectedGroupIds: removedSelectedGroupIds = {},
+        selectedElementIds: deletedSelectedElementIds = {},
+        selectedGroupIds: deletedSelectedGroupIds = {},
+        lockedMultiSelections: deletedLockedMultiSelections = {},
      } = this.delta.deleted;

      const {
-        selectedElementIds: addedSelectedElementIds = {},
-        selectedGroupIds: addedSelectedGroupIds = {},
-        selectedLinearElementId,
-        selectedLinearElementIsEditing,
+        selectedElementIds: insertedSelectedElementIds = {},
+        selectedGroupIds: insertedSelectedGroupIds = {},
+        lockedMultiSelections: insertedLockedMultiSelections = {},
+        selectedLinearElement: insertedSelectedLinearElement,
        ...directlyApplicablePartial
      } = this.delta.inserted;

      const mergedSelectedElementIds = Delta.mergeObjects(
        appState.selectedElementIds,
-        addedSelectedElementIds,
-        removedSelectedElementIds,
+        insertedSelectedElementIds,
+        deletedSelectedElementIds,
      );

      const mergedSelectedGroupIds = Delta.mergeObjects(
        appState.selectedGroupIds,
-        addedSelectedGroupIds,
-        removedSelectedGroupIds,
+        insertedSelectedGroupIds,
+        deletedSelectedGroupIds,
      );

-      let selectedLinearElement = appState.selectedLinearElement;
+      const mergedLockedMultiSelections = Delta.mergeObjects(
+        appState.lockedMultiSelections,
+        insertedLockedMultiSelections,
+        deletedLockedMultiSelections,
+      );

-      if (selectedLinearElementId === null) {
-        // Unselect linear element (visible change)
-        selectedLinearElement = null;
-      } else if (
-        selectedLinearElementId &&
-        nextElements.has(selectedLinearElementId)
-      ) {
-        selectedLinearElement = new LinearElementEditor(
-          nextElements.get(
-            selectedLinearElementId,
-          ) as NonDeleted<ExcalidrawLinearElement>,
-          nextElements,
-          selectedLinearElementIsEditing === true, // Can be unknown which is defaulted to false
-        );
-      }
-
-      if (
-        // Value being 'null' is equivaluent to unknown in this case because it only gets set
-        // to null when 'selectedLinearElementId' is set to null
-        selectedLinearElementIsEditing != null
-      ) {
-        invariant(
-          selectedLinearElement,
-          `selectedLinearElement is null when selectedLinearElementIsEditing is set to ${selectedLinearElementIsEditing}`,
-        );
-
-        selectedLinearElement = {
-          ...selectedLinearElement,
-          isEditing: selectedLinearElementIsEditing,
-        };
-      }
+      const selectedLinearElement =
+        insertedSelectedLinearElement &&
+        nextElements.has(insertedSelectedLinearElement.elementId)
+          ? new LinearElementEditor(
+              nextElements.get(
+                insertedSelectedLinearElement.elementId,
+              ) as NonDeleted<ExcalidrawLinearElement>,
+              nextElements,
+              insertedSelectedLinearElement.isEditing,
+            )
+          : null;

      const nextAppState = {
        ...appState,
        ...directlyApplicablePartial,
        selectedElementIds: mergedSelectedElementIds,
        selectedGroupIds: mergedSelectedGroupIds,
-        selectedLinearElement,
+        lockedMultiSelections: mergedLockedMultiSelections,
+        selectedLinearElement:
+          typeof insertedSelectedLinearElement !== "undefined"
+            ? selectedLinearElement
+            : appState.selectedLinearElement,
      };

      const constainsVisibleChanges = this.filterInvisibleChanges(
@@ -733,64 +816,53 @@ export class AppStateDelta implements DeltaContainer<AppState> {
            }

            break;
-          case "selectedLinearElementId": {
-            const appStateKey = AppStateDelta.convertToAppStateKey(key);
-            const linearElement = nextAppState[appStateKey];
+          case "selectedLinearElement":
+            const nextLinearElement = nextAppState[key];

-            if (!linearElement) {
+            if (!nextLinearElement) {
              // previously there was a linear element (assuming visible), now there is none
              visibleDifferenceFlag.value = true;
            } else {
-              const element = nextElements.get(linearElement.elementId);
+              const element = nextElements.get(nextLinearElement.elementId);

              if (element && !element.isDeleted) {
                // previously there wasn't a linear element, now there is one which is visible
                visibleDifferenceFlag.value = true;
              } else {
                // there was assigned a linear element now, but it's deleted
-                nextAppState[appStateKey] = null;
+                nextAppState[key] = null;
              }
            }

            break;
-          }
-          case "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": {
-            // Changes in editing state are always visible
-            const prevIsEditing =
-              prevAppState.selectedLinearElement?.isEditing ?? false;
-            const nextIsEditing =
-              nextAppState.selectedLinearElement?.isEditing ?? false;
-
-            if (prevIsEditing !== nextIsEditing) {
-              visibleDifferenceFlag.value = true;
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-          case "lockedMultiSelections": {
+          case "lockedMultiSelections":
            const prevLockedUnits = prevAppState[key] || {};
            const nextLockedUnits = nextAppState[key] || {};

+            // TODO: this seems wrong, we are already doing this comparison generically above,
+            // hence instead we should check whether elements are actually visible,
+            // so that once these changes are applied they actually result in a visible change to the user
            if (!isShallowEqual(prevLockedUnits, nextLockedUnits)) {
              visibleDifferenceFlag.value = true;
            }
            break;
-          }
-          case "activeLockedId": {
+          case "activeLockedId":
            const prevHitLockedId = prevAppState[key] || null;
            const nextHitLockedId = nextAppState[key] || null;

+            // TODO: this seems wrong, we are already doing this comparison generically above,
+            // hence instead we should check whether elements are actually visible,
+            // so that once these changes are applied they actually result in a visible change to the user
            if (prevHitLockedId !== nextHitLockedId) {
              visibleDifferenceFlag.value = true;
            }
            break;
-          }
-          default: {
+          default:
            assertNever(
              key,
              `Unknown ObservedElementsAppState's key "${key}"`,
              true,
            );
-          }
        }
      }
    }
@@ -798,15 +870,6 @@ export class AppStateDelta implements DeltaContainer<AppState> {
    return visibleDifferenceFlag.value;
  }

-  private static convertToAppStateKey(
-    key: keyof Pick<ObservedElementsAppState, "selectedLinearElementId">,
-  ): keyof Pick<AppState, "selectedLinearElement"> {
-    switch (key) {
-      case "selectedLinearElementId":
-        return "selectedLinearElement";
-    }
-  }
-
  private static filterSelectedElements(
    selectedElementIds: AppState["selectedElementIds"],
    elements: SceneElementsMap,
@@ -871,8 +934,7 @@ export class AppStateDelta implements DeltaContainer<AppState> {
      editingGroupId,
      selectedGroupIds,
      selectedElementIds,
-      selectedLinearElementId,
-      selectedLinearElementIsEditing,
+      selectedLinearElement,
      croppingElementId,
      lockedMultiSelections,
      activeLockedId,
@@ -926,12 +988,6 @@ export class AppStateDelta implements DeltaContainer<AppState> {
        "lockedMultiSelections",
        (prevValue) => (prevValue ?? {}) as ValueOf<T["lockedMultiSelections"]>,
      );
-      Delta.diffObjects(
-        deleted,
-        inserted,
-        "activeLockedId",
-        (prevValue) => (prevValue ?? null) as ValueOf<T["activeLockedId"]>,
-      );
    } catch (e) {
      // if postprocessing fails it does not make sense to bubble up, but let's make sure we know about it
      console.error(`Couldn't postprocess appstate change deltas.`);
@@ -960,12 +1016,13 @@ type ElementPartial<TElement extends ExcalidrawElement = ExcalidrawElement> =
  Omit<Partial<Ordered<TElement>>, "id" | "updated" | "seed">;

 export type ApplyToOptions = {
-  excludedProperties: Set<keyof ElementPartial>;
+  excludedProperties?: Set<keyof ElementPartial>;
 };

 type ApplyToFlags = {
  containsVisibleDifference: boolean;
  containsZindexDifference: boolean;
+  applyDirection: "forward" | "backward" | undefined;
 };

 /**
@@ -1066,6 +1123,15 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
      deleted.version !== inserted.version
    );

+  private static satisfiesUniqueInvariants = (
+    elementsDelta: ElementsDelta,
+    id: string,
+  ) => {
+    const { added, removed, updated } = elementsDelta;
+    // it's required that there is only one unique delta type per element
+    return [added[id], removed[id], updated[id]].filter(Boolean).length === 1;
+  };
+
  private static validate(
    elementsDelta: ElementsDelta,
    type: "added" | "removed" | "updated",
@@ -1074,6 +1140,7 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
    for (const [id, delta] of Object.entries(elementsDelta[type])) {
      if (
        !this.satisfiesCommmonInvariants(delta) ||
+        !this.satisfiesUniqueInvariants(elementsDelta, id) ||
        !satifiesSpecialInvariants(delta)
      ) {
        console.error(
@@ -1110,7 +1177,7 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
      const nextElement = nextElements.get(prevElement.id);

      if (!nextElement) {
-        const deleted = { ...prevElement, isDeleted: false } as ElementPartial;
+        const deleted = { ...prevElement } as ElementPartial;

        const inserted = {
          isDeleted: true,
@@ -1124,7 +1191,10 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
          ElementsDelta.stripIrrelevantProps,
        );

-        removed[prevElement.id] = delta;
+        // ignore updates which would "delete" already deleted element
+        if (!prevElement.isDeleted) {
+          removed[prevElement.id] = delta;
+        }
      }
    }

@@ -1140,7 +1210,6 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {

        const inserted = {
          ...nextElement,
-          isDeleted: false,
        } as ElementPartial;

        const delta = Delta.create(
@@ -1149,7 +1218,10 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
          ElementsDelta.stripIrrelevantProps,
        );

-        added[nextElement.id] = delta;
+        // ignore updates which would "delete" already deleted element
+        if (!nextElement.isDeleted) {
+          added[nextElement.id] = delta;
+        }

        continue;
      }
@@ -1178,8 +1250,13 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
          continue;
        }

-        // making sure there are at least some changes
-        if (!Delta.isEmpty(delta)) {
+        const strippedDeleted = ElementsDelta.stripVersionProps(delta.deleted);
+        const strippedInserted = ElementsDelta.stripVersionProps(
+          delta.inserted,
+        );
+
+        // making sure there are at least some changes and only changed version & versionNonce does not count!
+        if (Delta.isInnerDifferent(strippedDeleted, strippedInserted, true)) {
          updated[nextElement.id] = delta;
        }
      }
@@ -1196,8 +1273,8 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
    const inverseInternal = (deltas: Record<string, Delta<ElementPartial>>) => {
      const inversedDeltas: Record<string, Delta<ElementPartial>> = {};

-      for (const [id, delta] of Object.entries(deltas)) {
-        inversedDeltas[id] = Delta.create(delta.inserted, delta.deleted);
+      for (const [id, { inserted, deleted }] of Object.entries(deltas)) {
+        inversedDeltas[id] = Delta.create({ ...inserted }, { ...deleted });
      }

      return inversedDeltas;
@@ -1295,8 +1372,15 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
          latestDelta = delta;
        }

+        const strippedDeleted = ElementsDelta.stripVersionProps(
+          latestDelta.deleted,
+        );
+        const strippedInserted = ElementsDelta.stripVersionProps(
+          latestDelta.inserted,
+        );
+
        // it might happen that after applying latest changes the delta itself does not contain any changes
-        if (Delta.isInnerDifferent(latestDelta.deleted, latestDelta.inserted)) {
+        if (Delta.isInnerDifferent(strippedDeleted, strippedInserted)) {
          modifiedDeltas[id] = latestDelta;
        }
      }
@@ -1316,9 +1400,7 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
  public applyTo(
    elements: SceneElementsMap,
    snapshot: StoreSnapshot["elements"] = StoreSnapshot.empty().elements,
-    options: ApplyToOptions = {
-      excludedProperties: new Set(),
-    },
+    options?: ApplyToOptions,
  ): [SceneElementsMap, boolean] {
    let nextElements = new Map(elements) as SceneElementsMap;
    let changedElements: Map<string, OrderedExcalidrawElement>;
@@ -1326,22 +1408,28 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
    const flags: ApplyToFlags = {
      containsVisibleDifference: false,
      containsZindexDifference: false,
+      applyDirection: undefined,
    };

    // mimic a transaction by applying deltas into `nextElements` (always new instance, no mutation)
    try {
      const applyDeltas = ElementsDelta.createApplier(
+        elements,
        nextElements,
        snapshot,
-        options,
        flags,
+        options,
      );

      const addedElements = applyDeltas(this.added);
      const removedElements = applyDeltas(this.removed);
      const updatedElements = applyDeltas(this.updated);

-      const affectedElements = this.resolveConflicts(elements, nextElements);
+      const affectedElements = this.resolveConflicts(
+        elements,
+        nextElements,
+        flags.applyDirection,
+      );

      // TODO: #7348 validate elements semantically and syntactically the changed elements, in case they would result data integrity issues
      changedElements = new Map([
@@ -1365,22 +1453,15 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
    }

    try {
-      // the following reorder performs also mutations, but only on new instances of changed elements
-      // (unless something goes really bad and it fallbacks to fixing all invalid indices)
+      // the following reorder performs mutations, but only on new instances of changed elements,
+      // unless something goes really bad and it fallbacks to fixing all invalid indices
      nextElements = ElementsDelta.reorderElements(
        nextElements,
        changedElements,
        flags,
      );

-      // we don't have an up-to-date scene, as we can be just in the middle of applying history entry
-      // we also don't have a scene on the server
-      // so we are creating a temp scene just to query and mutate elements
-      const tempScene = new Scene(nextElements);
-
-      ElementsDelta.redrawTextBoundingBoxes(tempScene, changedElements);
-      // Need ordered nextElements to avoid z-index binding issues
-      ElementsDelta.redrawBoundArrows(tempScene, changedElements);
+      ElementsDelta.redrawElements(nextElements, changedElements);
    } catch (e) {
      console.error(
        `Couldn't mutate elements after applying elements change`,
@@ -1395,12 +1476,113 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
    }
  }

+  public squash(delta: ElementsDelta): this {
+    if (delta.isEmpty()) {
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    const { added, removed, updated } = delta;
+
+    const mergeBoundElements = (
+      prevDelta: Delta<ElementPartial>,
+      nextDelta: Delta<ElementPartial>,
+    ) => {
+      const mergedDeletedBoundElements =
+        Delta.mergeArrays(
+          prevDelta.deleted.boundElements ?? [],
+          nextDelta.deleted.boundElements ?? [],
+          undefined,
+          (x) => x.id,
+        ) ?? [];
+
+      const mergedInsertedBoundElements =
+        Delta.mergeArrays(
+          prevDelta.inserted.boundElements ?? [],
+          nextDelta.inserted.boundElements ?? [],
+          undefined,
+          (x) => x.id,
+        ) ?? [];
+
+      if (
+        !mergedDeletedBoundElements.length &&
+        !mergedInsertedBoundElements.length
+      ) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      return Delta.create(
+        {
+          boundElements: mergedDeletedBoundElements,
+        },
+        {
+          boundElements: mergedInsertedBoundElements,
+        },
+      );
+    };
+
+    for (const [id, nextDelta] of Object.entries(added)) {
+      const prevDelta = this.added[id] ?? this.removed[id] ?? this.updated[id];
+
+      if (!prevDelta) {
+        this.added[id] = nextDelta;
+      } else {
+        const mergedDelta = mergeBoundElements(prevDelta, nextDelta);
+        delete this.removed[id];
+        delete this.updated[id];
+
+        this.added[id] = Delta.merge(prevDelta, nextDelta, mergedDelta);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const [id, nextDelta] of Object.entries(removed)) {
+      const prevDelta = this.added[id] ?? this.removed[id] ?? this.updated[id];
+
+      if (!prevDelta) {
+        this.removed[id] = nextDelta;
+      } else {
+        const mergedDelta = mergeBoundElements(prevDelta, nextDelta);
+        delete this.added[id];
+        delete this.updated[id];
+
+        this.removed[id] = Delta.merge(prevDelta, nextDelta, mergedDelta);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const [id, nextDelta] of Object.entries(updated)) {
+      const prevDelta = this.added[id] ?? this.removed[id] ?? this.updated[id];
+
+      if (!prevDelta) {
+        this.updated[id] = nextDelta;
+      } else {
+        const mergedDelta = mergeBoundElements(prevDelta, nextDelta);
+        const updatedDelta = Delta.merge(prevDelta, nextDelta, mergedDelta);
+
+        if (prevDelta === this.added[id]) {
+          this.added[id] = updatedDelta;
+        } else if (prevDelta === this.removed[id]) {
+          this.removed[id] = updatedDelta;
+        } else {
+          this.updated[id] = updatedDelta;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (isTestEnv() || isDevEnv()) {
+      ElementsDelta.validate(this, "added", ElementsDelta.satisfiesAddition);
+      ElementsDelta.validate(this, "removed", ElementsDelta.satisfiesRemoval);
+      ElementsDelta.validate(this, "updated", ElementsDelta.satisfiesUpdate);
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
  private static createApplier =
    (
+      prevElements: SceneElementsMap,
      nextElements: SceneElementsMap,
      snapshot: StoreSnapshot["elements"],
-      options: ApplyToOptions,
      flags: ApplyToFlags,
+      options?: ApplyToOptions,
    ) =>
    (deltas: Record<string, Delta<ElementPartial>>) => {
      const getElement = ElementsDelta.createGetter(
@@ -1413,15 +1595,26 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
        const element = getElement(id, delta.inserted);

        if (element) {
-          const newElement = ElementsDelta.applyDelta(
+          const nextElement = ElementsDelta.applyDelta(
            element,
            delta,
-            options,
            flags,
+            options,
          );

-          nextElements.set(newElement.id, newElement);
-          acc.set(newElement.id, newElement);
+          nextElements.set(nextElement.id, nextElement);
+          acc.set(nextElement.id, nextElement);
+
+          if (!flags.applyDirection) {
+            const prevElement = prevElements.get(id);
+
+            if (prevElement) {
+              flags.applyDirection =
+                prevElement.version > nextElement.version
+                  ? "backward"
+                  : "forward";
+            }
+          }
        }

        return acc;
@@ -1466,8 +1659,8 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
  private static applyDelta(
    element: OrderedExcalidrawElement,
    delta: Delta<ElementPartial>,
-    options: ApplyToOptions,
    flags: ApplyToFlags,
+    options?: ApplyToOptions,
  ) {
    const directlyApplicablePartial: Mutable<ElementPartial> = {};

@@ -1481,7 +1674,7 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
        continue;
      }

-      if (options.excludedProperties.has(key)) {
+      if (options?.excludedProperties?.has(key)) {
        continue;
      }

@@ -1521,7 +1714,7 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
        delta.deleted.index !== delta.inserted.index;
    }

-    return newElementWith(element, directlyApplicablePartial);
+    return newElementWith(element, directlyApplicablePartial, true);
  }

  /**
@@ -1561,6 +1754,7 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
  private resolveConflicts(
    prevElements: SceneElementsMap,
    nextElements: SceneElementsMap,
+    applyDirection: "forward" | "backward" = "forward",
  ) {
    const nextAffectedElements = new Map<string, OrderedExcalidrawElement>();
    const updater = (
@@ -1572,21 +1766,36 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
        return;
      }

+      const prevElement = prevElements.get(element.id);
+      const nextVersion =
+        applyDirection === "forward"
+          ? nextElement.version + 1
+          : nextElement.version - 1;
+
+      const elementUpdates = updates as ElementUpdate<OrderedExcalidrawElement>;
+
      let affectedElement: OrderedExcalidrawElement;

-      if (prevElements.get(element.id) === nextElement) {
+      if (prevElement === nextElement) {
        // create the new element instance in case we didn't modify the element yet
        // so that we won't end up in an incosistent state in case we would fail in the middle of mutations
        affectedElement = newElementWith(
          nextElement,
-          updates as ElementUpdate<OrderedExcalidrawElement>,
+          {
+            ...elementUpdates,
+            version: nextVersion,
+          },
+          true,
        );
      } else {
-        affectedElement = mutateElement(
-          nextElement,
-          nextElements,
-          updates as ElementUpdate<OrderedExcalidrawElement>,
-        );
+        affectedElement = mutateElement(nextElement, nextElements, {
+          ...elementUpdates,
+          // don't modify the version further, if it's already different
+          version:
+            prevElement?.version !== nextElement.version
+              ? nextElement.version
+              : nextVersion,
+        });
      }

      nextAffectedElements.set(affectedElement.id, affectedElement);
@@ -1624,25 +1833,12 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
      Array.from(prevElements).filter(([id]) => nextAffectedElements.has(id)),
    );

-    // calculate complete deltas for affected elements, and assign them back to all the deltas
-    // technically we could do better here if perf. would become an issue
-    const { added, removed, updated } = ElementsDelta.calculate(
-      prevAffectedElements,
-      nextAffectedElements,
+    // calculate complete deltas for affected elements, and squash them back to the current deltas
+    this.squash(
+      // technically we could do better here if perf. would become an issue
+      ElementsDelta.calculate(prevAffectedElements, nextAffectedElements),
    );

-    for (const [id, delta] of Object.entries(added)) {
-      this.added[id] = delta;
-    }
-
-    for (const [id, delta] of Object.entries(removed)) {
-      this.removed[id] = delta;
-    }
-
-    for (const [id, delta] of Object.entries(updated)) {
-      this.updated[id] = delta;
-    }
-
    return nextAffectedElements;
  }

@@ -1704,6 +1900,31 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
    BindableElement.rebindAffected(nextElements, nextElement(), updater);
  }

+  public static redrawElements(
+    nextElements: SceneElementsMap,
+    changedElements: Map<string, OrderedExcalidrawElement>,
+  ) {
+    try {
+      // we don't have an up-to-date scene, as we can be just in the middle of applying history entry
+      // we also don't have a scene on the server
+      // so we are creating a temp scene just to query and mutate elements
+      const tempScene = new Scene(nextElements, { skipValidation: true });
+
+      ElementsDelta.redrawTextBoundingBoxes(tempScene, changedElements);
+
+      // needs ordered nextElements to avoid z-index binding issues
+      ElementsDelta.redrawBoundArrows(tempScene, changedElements);
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error(`Couldn't redraw elements`, e);
+
+      if (isTestEnv() || isDevEnv()) {
+        throw e;
+      }
+    } finally {
+      return nextElements;
+    }
+  }
+
  private static redrawTextBoundingBoxes(
    scene: Scene,
    changed: Map<string, OrderedExcalidrawElement>,
@@ -1758,6 +1979,7 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {
  ) {
    for (const element of changed.values()) {
      if (!element.isDeleted && isBindableElement(element)) {
+        // TODO: with precise bindings this is quite expensive, so consider optimisation so it's only triggered when the arrow does not intersect (imprecise) element bounds
        updateBoundElements(element, scene, {
          changedElements: changed,
        });
@@ -1853,4 +2075,12 @@ export class ElementsDelta implements DeltaContainer<SceneElementsMap> {

    return strippedPartial;
  }
+
+  private static stripVersionProps(
+    partial: Partial<OrderedExcalidrawElement>,
+  ): ElementPartial {
+    const { version, versionNonce, ...strippedPartial } = partial;
+
+    return strippedPartial;
+  }
 }
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import {
  assertNever,
  COLOR_PALETTE,
  LINE_POLYGON_POINT_MERGE_DISTANCE,
+  isTestEnv,
 } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import { RoughGenerator } from "roughjs/bin/generator";
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ export const generateRoughOptions = (
  continuousPath = false,
 ): Options => {
  const options: Options = {
-    seed: element.seed,
+    seed: isTestEnv() ? 1 : element.seed,
    strokeLineDash:
      element.strokeStyle === "dashed"
        ? getDashArrayDashed(element.strokeWidth)
@@ -76,8 +76,9 @@ type MicroActionsQueue = (() => void)[];
 * Store which captures the observed changes and emits them as `StoreIncrement` events.
 */
 export class Store {
-  // internally used by history
+  // for internal use by history
  public readonly onDurableIncrementEmitter = new Emitter<[DurableIncrement]>();
+  // for public use as part of onIncrement API
  public readonly onStoreIncrementEmitter = new Emitter<
    [DurableIncrement | EphemeralIncrement]
  >();
@@ -239,7 +240,6 @@ export class Store {
    if (!storeDelta.isEmpty()) {
      const increment = new DurableIncrement(storeChange, storeDelta);

-      // Notify listeners with the increment
      this.onDurableIncrementEmitter.trigger(increment);
      this.onStoreIncrementEmitter.trigger(increment);
    }
@@ -552,10 +552,26 @@ export class StoreDelta {
  public static load({
    id,
    elements: { added, removed, updated },
+    appState: { delta: appStateDelta },
  }: DTO<StoreDelta>) {
    const elements = ElementsDelta.create(added, removed, updated);
+    const appState = AppStateDelta.create(appStateDelta);

-    return new this(id, elements, AppStateDelta.empty());
+    return new this(id, elements, appState);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Squash the passed deltas into the aggregated delta instance.
+   */
+  public static squash(...deltas: StoreDelta[]) {
+    const aggregatedDelta = StoreDelta.empty();
+
+    for (const delta of deltas) {
+      aggregatedDelta.elements.squash(delta.elements);
+      aggregatedDelta.appState.squash(delta.appState);
+    }
+
+    return aggregatedDelta;
  }

  /**
@@ -572,9 +588,7 @@ export class StoreDelta {
    delta: StoreDelta,
    elements: SceneElementsMap,
    appState: AppState,
-    options: ApplyToOptions = {
-      excludedProperties: new Set(),
-    },
+    options?: ApplyToOptions,
  ): [SceneElementsMap, AppState, boolean] {
    const [nextElements, elementsContainVisibleChange] = delta.elements.applyTo(
      elements,
@@ -613,6 +627,10 @@ export class StoreDelta {
    );
  }

+  public static empty() {
+    return StoreDelta.create(ElementsDelta.empty(), AppStateDelta.empty());
+  }
+
  public isEmpty() {
    return this.elements.isEmpty() && this.appState.isEmpty();
  }
@@ -978,8 +996,7 @@ const getDefaultObservedAppState = (): ObservedAppState => {
    viewBackgroundColor: COLOR_PALETTE.white,
    selectedElementIds: {},
    selectedGroupIds: {},
-    selectedLinearElementId: null,
-    selectedLinearElementIsEditing: null,
+    selectedLinearElement: null,
    croppingElementId: null,
    activeLockedId: null,
    lockedMultiSelections: {},
@@ -998,14 +1015,12 @@ export const getObservedAppState = (
    croppingElementId: appState.croppingElementId,
    activeLockedId: appState.activeLockedId,
    lockedMultiSelections: appState.lockedMultiSelections,
-    selectedLinearElementId:
-      (appState as AppState).selectedLinearElement?.elementId ??
-      (appState as ObservedAppState).selectedLinearElementId ??
-      null,
-    selectedLinearElementIsEditing:
-      (appState as AppState).selectedLinearElement?.isEditing ??
-      (appState as ObservedAppState).selectedLinearElementIsEditing ??
-      null,
+    selectedLinearElement: appState.selectedLinearElement
+      ? {
+          elementId: appState.selectedLinearElement.elementId,
+          isEditing: !!appState.selectedLinearElement.isEditing,
+        }
+      : null,
  };

  Reflect.defineProperty(observedAppState, hiddenObservedAppStateProp, {
@@ -1,13 +1,328 @@
+import { API } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/api";
+
 import type { ObservedAppState } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/types";
 import type { LinearElementEditor } from "@excalidraw/element";
+import type { SceneElementsMap } from "@excalidraw/element/types";

-import { AppStateDelta } from "../src/delta";
+import { AppStateDelta, Delta, ElementsDelta } from "../src/delta";
+
+describe("ElementsDelta", () => {
+  describe("elements delta calculation", () => {
+    it("should not create removed delta when element gets removed but was already deleted", () => {
+      const element = API.createElement({
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 100,
+        y: 100,
+        isDeleted: true,
+      });
+
+      const prevElements = new Map([[element.id, element]]);
+      const nextElements = new Map();
+
+      const delta = ElementsDelta.calculate(prevElements, nextElements);
+
+      expect(delta.isEmpty()).toBeTruthy();
+    });
+
+    it("should not create added delta when adding element as already deleted", () => {
+      const element = API.createElement({
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 100,
+        y: 100,
+        isDeleted: true,
+      });
+
+      const prevElements = new Map();
+      const nextElements = new Map([[element.id, element]]);
+
+      const delta = ElementsDelta.calculate(prevElements, nextElements);
+
+      expect(delta.isEmpty()).toBeTruthy();
+    });
+
+    it("should not create updated delta when there is only version and versionNonce change", () => {
+      const baseElement = API.createElement({
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 100,
+        y: 100,
+        strokeColor: "#000000",
+        backgroundColor: "#ffffff",
+      });
+
+      const modifiedElement = {
+        ...baseElement,
+        version: baseElement.version + 1,
+        versionNonce: baseElement.versionNonce + 1,
+      };
+
+      // Create maps for the delta calculation
+      const prevElements = new Map([[baseElement.id, baseElement]]);
+      const nextElements = new Map([[modifiedElement.id, modifiedElement]]);
+
+      // Calculate the delta
+      const delta = ElementsDelta.calculate(
+        prevElements as SceneElementsMap,
+        nextElements as SceneElementsMap,
+      );
+
+      expect(delta.isEmpty()).toBeTruthy();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("squash", () => {
+    it("should not squash when second delta is empty", () => {
+      const updatedDelta = Delta.create(
+        { x: 100, version: 1, versionNonce: 1 },
+        { x: 200, version: 2, versionNonce: 2 },
+      );
+
+      const elementsDelta1 = ElementsDelta.create(
+        {},
+        {},
+        { id1: updatedDelta },
+      );
+      const elementsDelta2 = ElementsDelta.empty();
+      const elementsDelta = elementsDelta1.squash(elementsDelta2);
+
+      expect(elementsDelta.isEmpty()).toBeFalsy();
+      expect(elementsDelta).toBe(elementsDelta1);
+      expect(elementsDelta.updated.id1).toBe(updatedDelta);
+    });
+
+    it("should squash mutually exclusive delta types", () => {
+      const addedDelta = Delta.create(
+        { x: 100, version: 1, versionNonce: 1, isDeleted: true },
+        { x: 200, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: false },
+      );
+
+      const removedDelta = Delta.create(
+        { x: 100, version: 1, versionNonce: 1, isDeleted: false },
+        { x: 200, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: true },
+      );
+
+      const updatedDelta = Delta.create(
+        { x: 100, version: 1, versionNonce: 1 },
+        { x: 200, version: 2, versionNonce: 2 },
+      );
+
+      const elementsDelta1 = ElementsDelta.create(
+        { id1: addedDelta },
+        { id2: removedDelta },
+        {},
+      );
+
+      const elementsDelta2 = ElementsDelta.create(
+        {},
+        {},
+        { id3: updatedDelta },
+      );
+
+      const elementsDelta = elementsDelta1.squash(elementsDelta2);
+
+      expect(elementsDelta.isEmpty()).toBeFalsy();
+      expect(elementsDelta).toBe(elementsDelta1);
+      expect(elementsDelta.added.id1).toBe(addedDelta);
+      expect(elementsDelta.removed.id2).toBe(removedDelta);
+      expect(elementsDelta.updated.id3).toBe(updatedDelta);
+    });
+
+    it("should squash the same delta types", () => {
+      const elementsDelta1 = ElementsDelta.create(
+        {
+          id1: Delta.create(
+            { x: 100, version: 1, versionNonce: 1, isDeleted: true },
+            { x: 200, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: false },
+          ),
+        },
+        {
+          id2: Delta.create(
+            { x: 100, version: 1, versionNonce: 1, isDeleted: false },
+            { x: 200, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: true },
+          ),
+        },
+        {
+          id3: Delta.create(
+            { x: 100, version: 1, versionNonce: 1 },
+            { x: 200, version: 2, versionNonce: 2 },
+          ),
+        },
+      );
+
+      const elementsDelta2 = ElementsDelta.create(
+        {
+          id1: Delta.create(
+            { y: 100, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: true },
+            { y: 200, version: 3, versionNonce: 3, isDeleted: false },
+          ),
+        },
+        {
+          id2: Delta.create(
+            { y: 100, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: false },
+            { y: 200, version: 3, versionNonce: 3, isDeleted: true },
+          ),
+        },
+        {
+          id3: Delta.create(
+            { y: 100, version: 2, versionNonce: 2 },
+            { y: 200, version: 3, versionNonce: 3 },
+          ),
+        },
+      );
+
+      const elementsDelta = elementsDelta1.squash(elementsDelta2);
+
+      expect(elementsDelta.isEmpty()).toBeFalsy();
+      expect(elementsDelta).toBe(elementsDelta1);
+      expect(elementsDelta.added.id1).toEqual(
+        Delta.create(
+          { x: 100, y: 100, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: true },
+          { x: 200, y: 200, version: 3, versionNonce: 3, isDeleted: false },
+        ),
+      );
+      expect(elementsDelta.removed.id2).toEqual(
+        Delta.create(
+          { x: 100, y: 100, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: false },
+          { x: 200, y: 200, version: 3, versionNonce: 3, isDeleted: true },
+        ),
+      );
+      expect(elementsDelta.updated.id3).toEqual(
+        Delta.create(
+          { x: 100, y: 100, version: 2, versionNonce: 2 },
+          { x: 200, y: 200, version: 3, versionNonce: 3 },
+        ),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should squash different delta types ", () => {
+      // id1: added   -> updated => added
+      // id2: removed -> added   => added
+      // id3: updated -> removed => removed
+      const elementsDelta1 = ElementsDelta.create(
+        {
+          id1: Delta.create(
+            { x: 100, version: 1, versionNonce: 1, isDeleted: true },
+            { x: 101, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: false },
+          ),
+        },
+        {
+          id2: Delta.create(
+            { x: 200, version: 1, versionNonce: 1, isDeleted: false },
+            { x: 201, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: true },
+          ),
+        },
+        {
+          id3: Delta.create(
+            { x: 300, version: 1, versionNonce: 1 },
+            { x: 301, version: 2, versionNonce: 2 },
+          ),
+        },
+      );
+
+      const elementsDelta2 = ElementsDelta.create(
+        {
+          id2: Delta.create(
+            { y: 200, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: true },
+            { y: 201, version: 3, versionNonce: 3, isDeleted: false },
+          ),
+        },
+        {
+          id3: Delta.create(
+            { y: 300, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: false },
+            { y: 301, version: 3, versionNonce: 3, isDeleted: true },
+          ),
+        },
+        {
+          id1: Delta.create(
+            { y: 100, version: 2, versionNonce: 2 },
+            { y: 101, version: 3, versionNonce: 3 },
+          ),
+        },
+      );
+
+      const elementsDelta = elementsDelta1.squash(elementsDelta2);
+
+      expect(elementsDelta.isEmpty()).toBeFalsy();
+      expect(elementsDelta).toBe(elementsDelta1);
+      expect(elementsDelta.added).toEqual({
+        id1: Delta.create(
+          { x: 100, y: 100, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: true },
+          { x: 101, y: 101, version: 3, versionNonce: 3, isDeleted: false },
+        ),
+        id2: Delta.create(
+          { x: 200, y: 200, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: true },
+          { x: 201, y: 201, version: 3, versionNonce: 3, isDeleted: false },
+        ),
+      });
+      expect(elementsDelta.removed).toEqual({
+        id3: Delta.create(
+          { x: 300, y: 300, version: 2, versionNonce: 2, isDeleted: false },
+          { x: 301, y: 301, version: 3, versionNonce: 3, isDeleted: true },
+        ),
+      });
+      expect(elementsDelta.updated).toEqual({});
+    });
+
+    it("should squash bound elements", () => {
+      const elementsDelta1 = ElementsDelta.create(
+        {},
+        {},
+        {
+          id1: Delta.create(
+            {
+              version: 1,
+              versionNonce: 1,
+              boundElements: [{ id: "t1", type: "text" }],
+            },
+            {
+              version: 2,
+              versionNonce: 2,
+              boundElements: [{ id: "t2", type: "text" }],
+            },
+          ),
+        },
+      );
+
+      const elementsDelta2 = ElementsDelta.create(
+        {},
+        {},
+        {
+          id1: Delta.create(
+            {
+              version: 2,
+              versionNonce: 2,
+              boundElements: [{ id: "a1", type: "arrow" }],
+            },
+            {
+              version: 3,
+              versionNonce: 3,
+              boundElements: [{ id: "a2", type: "arrow" }],
+            },
+          ),
+        },
+      );
+
+      const elementsDelta = elementsDelta1.squash(elementsDelta2);
+
+      expect(elementsDelta.updated.id1.deleted.boundElements).toEqual([
+        { id: "t1", type: "text" },
+        { id: "a1", type: "arrow" },
+      ]);
+      expect(elementsDelta.updated.id1.inserted.boundElements).toEqual([
+        { id: "t2", type: "text" },
+        { id: "a2", type: "arrow" },
+      ]);
+    });
+  });
+});

 describe("AppStateDelta", () => {
  describe("ensure stable delta properties order", () => {
    it("should maintain stable order for root properties", () => {
      const name = "untitled scene";
-      const selectedLinearElementId = "id1" as LinearElementEditor["elementId"];
+      const selectedLinearElement = {
+        elementId: "id1" as LinearElementEditor["elementId"],
+        isEditing: false,
+      };

      const commonAppState = {
        viewBackgroundColor: "#ffffff",
@@ -24,23 +339,23 @@ describe("AppStateDelta", () => {
      const prevAppState1: ObservedAppState = {
        ...commonAppState,
        name: "",
-        selectedLinearElementId: null,
+        selectedLinearElement: null,
      };

      const nextAppState1: ObservedAppState = {
        ...commonAppState,
        name,
-        selectedLinearElementId,
+        selectedLinearElement,
      };

      const prevAppState2: ObservedAppState = {
-        selectedLinearElementId: null,
+        selectedLinearElement: null,
        name: "",
        ...commonAppState,
      };

      const nextAppState2: ObservedAppState = {
-        selectedLinearElementId,
+        selectedLinearElement,
        name,
        ...commonAppState,
      };
@@ -58,9 +373,7 @@ describe("AppStateDelta", () => {
        selectedGroupIds: {},
        editingGroupId: null,
        croppingElementId: null,
-        selectedLinearElementId: null,
-        selectedLinearElementIsEditing: null,
-        editingLinearElementId: null,
+        selectedLinearElement: null,
        activeLockedId: null,
        lockedMultiSelections: {},
      };
@@ -106,9 +419,7 @@ describe("AppStateDelta", () => {
        selectedElementIds: {},
        editingGroupId: null,
        croppingElementId: null,
-        selectedLinearElementId: null,
-        selectedLinearElementIsEditing: null,
-        editingLinearElementId: null,
+        selectedLinearElement: null,
        activeLockedId: null,
        lockedMultiSelections: {},
      };
@@ -149,4 +460,97 @@ describe("AppStateDelta", () => {
      expect(JSON.stringify(delta1)).toBe(JSON.stringify(delta2));
    });
  });
+
+  describe("squash", () => {
+    it("should not squash when second delta is empty", () => {
+      const delta = Delta.create(
+        { name: "untitled scene" },
+        { name: "titled scene" },
+      );
+
+      const appStateDelta1 = AppStateDelta.create(delta);
+      const appStateDelta2 = AppStateDelta.empty();
+      const appStateDelta = appStateDelta1.squash(appStateDelta2);
+
+      expect(appStateDelta.isEmpty()).toBeFalsy();
+      expect(appStateDelta).toBe(appStateDelta1);
+      expect(appStateDelta.delta).toBe(delta);
+    });
+
+    it("should squash exclusive properties", () => {
+      const delta1 = Delta.create(
+        { name: "untitled scene" },
+        { name: "titled scene" },
+      );
+      const delta2 = Delta.create(
+        { viewBackgroundColor: "#ffffff" },
+        { viewBackgroundColor: "#000000" },
+      );
+
+      const appStateDelta1 = AppStateDelta.create(delta1);
+      const appStateDelta2 = AppStateDelta.create(delta2);
+      const appStateDelta = appStateDelta1.squash(appStateDelta2);
+
+      expect(appStateDelta.isEmpty()).toBeFalsy();
+      expect(appStateDelta).toBe(appStateDelta1);
+      expect(appStateDelta.delta).toEqual(
+        Delta.create(
+          { name: "untitled scene", viewBackgroundColor: "#ffffff" },
+          { name: "titled scene", viewBackgroundColor: "#000000" },
+        ),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should squash selectedElementIds, selectedGroupIds and lockedMultiSelections", () => {
+      const delta1 = Delta.create<Partial<ObservedAppState>>(
+        {
+          name: "untitled scene",
+          selectedElementIds: { id1: true },
+          selectedGroupIds: {},
+          lockedMultiSelections: { g1: true },
+        },
+        {
+          name: "titled scene",
+          selectedElementIds: { id2: true },
+          selectedGroupIds: { g1: true },
+          lockedMultiSelections: {},
+        },
+      );
+      const delta2 = Delta.create<Partial<ObservedAppState>>(
+        {
+          selectedElementIds: { id3: true },
+          selectedGroupIds: { g1: true },
+          lockedMultiSelections: {},
+        },
+        {
+          selectedElementIds: { id2: true },
+          selectedGroupIds: { g2: true, g3: true },
+          lockedMultiSelections: { g3: true },
+        },
+      );
+
+      const appStateDelta1 = AppStateDelta.create(delta1);
+      const appStateDelta2 = AppStateDelta.create(delta2);
+      const appStateDelta = appStateDelta1.squash(appStateDelta2);
+
+      expect(appStateDelta.isEmpty()).toBeFalsy();
+      expect(appStateDelta).toBe(appStateDelta1);
+      expect(appStateDelta.delta).toEqual(
+        Delta.create<Partial<ObservedAppState>>(
+          {
+            name: "untitled scene",
+            selectedElementIds: { id1: true, id3: true },
+            selectedGroupIds: { g1: true },
+            lockedMultiSelections: { g1: true },
+          },
+          {
+            name: "titled scene",
+            selectedElementIds: { id2: true },
+            selectedGroupIds: { g1: true, g2: true, g3: true },
+            lockedMultiSelections: { g3: true },
+          },
+        ),
+      );
+    });
+  });
 });
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ export const actionClearCanvas = register({
        pasteDialog: appState.pasteDialog,
        activeTool:
          appState.activeTool.type === "image"
-            ? { ...appState.activeTool, type: "selection" }
+            ? { ...appState.activeTool, type: app.defaultSelectionTool }
            : appState.activeTool,
      },
      captureUpdate: CaptureUpdateAction.IMMEDIATELY,
@@ -494,13 +494,13 @@ export const actionToggleEraserTool = register({
  name: "toggleEraserTool",
  label: "toolBar.eraser",
  trackEvent: { category: "toolbar" },
-  perform: (elements, appState) => {
+  perform: (elements, appState, _, app) => {
    let activeTool: AppState["activeTool"];

    if (isEraserActive(appState)) {
      activeTool = updateActiveTool(appState, {
        ...(appState.activeTool.lastActiveTool || {
-          type: "selection",
+          type: app.defaultSelectionTool,
        }),
        lastActiveToolBeforeEraser: null,
      });
@@ -530,6 +530,9 @@ export const actionToggleLassoTool = register({
  label: "toolBar.lasso",
  icon: LassoIcon,
  trackEvent: { category: "toolbar" },
+  predicate: (elements, appState, props, app) => {
+    return app.defaultSelectionTool !== "lasso";
+  },
  perform: (elements, appState, _, app) => {
    let activeTool: AppState["activeTool"];

@@ -298,7 +298,9 @@ export const actionDeleteSelected = register({
      elements: nextElements,
      appState: {
        ...nextAppState,
-        activeTool: updateActiveTool(appState, { type: "selection" }),
+        activeTool: updateActiveTool(appState, {
+          type: app.defaultSelectionTool,
+        }),
        multiElement: null,
        activeEmbeddable: null,
        selectedLinearElement: null,
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@ import {
  bindOrUnbindLinearElement,
  isBindingEnabled,
 } from "@excalidraw/element/binding";
-import { isValidPolygon, LinearElementEditor } from "@excalidraw/element";
+import {
+  isValidPolygon,
+  LinearElementEditor,
+  newElementWith,
+} from "@excalidraw/element";

 import {
  isBindingElement,
@@ -78,7 +82,14 @@ export const actionFinalize = register({
        let newElements = elements;
        if (element && isInvisiblySmallElement(element)) {
          // TODO: #7348 in theory this gets recorded by the store, so the invisible elements could be restored by the undo/redo, which might be not what we would want
-          newElements = newElements.filter((el) => el.id !== element!.id);
+          newElements = newElements.map((el) => {
+            if (el.id === element.id) {
+              return newElementWith(el, {
+                isDeleted: true,
+              });
+            }
+            return el;
+          });
        }
        return {
          elements: newElements,
@@ -117,7 +128,12 @@ export const actionFinalize = register({
        return {
          elements:
            element.points.length < 2 || isInvisiblySmallElement(element)
-              ? elements.filter((el) => el.id !== element.id)
+              ? elements.map((el) => {
+                  if (el.id === element.id) {
+                    return newElementWith(el, { isDeleted: true });
+                  }
+                  return el;
+                })
              : undefined,
          appState: {
            ...appState,
@@ -172,7 +188,12 @@ export const actionFinalize = register({

      if (element && isInvisiblySmallElement(element)) {
        // TODO: #7348 in theory this gets recorded by the store, so the invisible elements could be restored by the undo/redo, which might be not what we would want
-        newElements = newElements.filter((el) => el.id !== element!.id);
+        newElements = newElements.map((el) => {
+          if (el.id === element?.id) {
+            return newElementWith(el, { isDeleted: true });
+          }
+          return el;
+        });
      }

      if (isLinearElement(element) || isFreeDrawElement(element)) {
@@ -240,13 +261,13 @@ export const actionFinalize = register({
    if (appState.activeTool.type === "eraser") {
      activeTool = updateActiveTool(appState, {
        ...(appState.activeTool.lastActiveTool || {
-          type: "selection",
+          type: app.defaultSelectionTool,
        }),
        lastActiveToolBeforeEraser: null,
      });
    } else {
      activeTool = updateActiveTool(appState, {
-        type: "selection",
+        type: app.defaultSelectionTool,
      });
    }

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ import {
  hasStrokeWidth,
 } from "../scene";

-import { SHAPES } from "./shapes";
+import { getToolbarTools } from "./shapes";

 import "./Actions.scss";

@@ -295,7 +295,8 @@ export const ShapesSwitcher = ({

  const frameToolSelected = activeTool.type === "frame";
  const laserToolSelected = activeTool.type === "laser";
-  const lassoToolSelected = activeTool.type === "lasso";
+  const lassoToolSelected =
+    activeTool.type === "lasso" && app.defaultSelectionTool !== "lasso";

  const embeddableToolSelected = activeTool.type === "embeddable";

@@ -303,63 +304,68 @@ export const ShapesSwitcher = ({

  return (
    <>
-      {SHAPES.map(({ value, icon, key, numericKey, fillable }, index) => {
-        if (
-          UIOptions.tools?.[
-            value as Extract<typeof value, keyof AppProps["UIOptions"]["tools"]>
-          ] === false
-        ) {
-          return null;
-        }
+      {getToolbarTools(app).map(
+        ({ value, icon, key, numericKey, fillable }, index) => {
+          if (
+            UIOptions.tools?.[
+              value as Extract<
+                typeof value,
+                keyof AppProps["UIOptions"]["tools"]
+              >
+            ] === false
+          ) {
+            return null;
+          }

-        const label = t(`toolBar.${value}`);
-        const letter =
-          key && capitalizeString(typeof key === "string" ? key : key[0]);
-        const shortcut = letter
-          ? `${letter} ${t("helpDialog.or")} ${numericKey}`
-          : `${numericKey}`;
+          const label = t(`toolBar.${value}`);
+          const letter =
+            key && capitalizeString(typeof key === "string" ? key : key[0]);
+          const shortcut = letter
+            ? `${letter} ${t("helpDialog.or")} ${numericKey}`
+            : `${numericKey}`;

-        return (
-          <ToolButton
-            className={clsx("Shape", { fillable })}
-            key={value}
-            type="radio"
-            icon={icon}
-            checked={activeTool.type === value}
-            name="editor-current-shape"
-            title={`${capitalizeString(label)} — ${shortcut}`}
-            keyBindingLabel={numericKey || letter}
-            aria-label={capitalizeString(label)}
-            aria-keyshortcuts={shortcut}
-            data-testid={`toolbar-${value}`}
-            onPointerDown={({ pointerType }) => {
-              if (!appState.penDetected && pointerType === "pen") {
-                app.togglePenMode(true);
-              }
-
-              if (value === "selection") {
-                if (appState.activeTool.type === "selection") {
-                  app.setActiveTool({ type: "lasso" });
-                } else {
-                  app.setActiveTool({ type: "selection" });
+          return (
+            <ToolButton
+              className={clsx("Shape", { fillable })}
+              key={value}
+              type="radio"
+              icon={icon}
+              checked={activeTool.type === value}
+              name="editor-current-shape"
+              title={`${capitalizeString(label)} — ${shortcut}`}
+              keyBindingLabel={numericKey || letter}
+              aria-label={capitalizeString(label)}
+              aria-keyshortcuts={shortcut}
+              data-testid={`toolbar-${value}`}
+              onPointerDown={({ pointerType }) => {
+                if (!appState.penDetected && pointerType === "pen") {
+                  app.togglePenMode(true);
                }
-              }
-            }}
-            onChange={({ pointerType }) => {
-              if (appState.activeTool.type !== value) {
-                trackEvent("toolbar", value, "ui");
-              }
-              if (value === "image") {
-                app.setActiveTool({
-                  type: value,
-                });
-              } else {
-                app.setActiveTool({ type: value });
-              }
-            }}
-          />
-        );
-      })}
+
+                if (value === "selection") {
+                  if (appState.activeTool.type === "selection") {
+                    app.setActiveTool({ type: "lasso" });
+                  } else {
+                    app.setActiveTool({ type: "selection" });
+                  }
+                }
+              }}
+              onChange={({ pointerType }) => {
+                if (appState.activeTool.type !== value) {
+                  trackEvent("toolbar", value, "ui");
+                }
+                if (value === "image") {
+                  app.setActiveTool({
+                    type: value,
+                  });
+                } else {
+                  app.setActiveTool({ type: value });
+                }
+              }}
+            />
+          );
+        },
+      )}
      <div className="App-toolbar__divider" />

      <DropdownMenu open={isExtraToolsMenuOpen}>
@@ -418,14 +424,16 @@ export const ShapesSwitcher = ({
          >
            {t("toolBar.laser")}
          </DropdownMenu.Item>
-          <DropdownMenu.Item
-            onSelect={() => app.setActiveTool({ type: "lasso" })}
-            icon={LassoIcon}
-            data-testid="toolbar-lasso"
-            selected={lassoToolSelected}
-          >
-            {t("toolBar.lasso")}
-          </DropdownMenu.Item>
+          {app.defaultSelectionTool !== "lasso" && (
+            <DropdownMenu.Item
+              onSelect={() => app.setActiveTool({ type: "lasso" })}
+              icon={LassoIcon}
+              data-testid="toolbar-lasso"
+              selected={lassoToolSelected}
+            >
+              {t("toolBar.lasso")}
+            </DropdownMenu.Item>
+          )}
          <div style={{ margin: "6px 0", fontSize: 14, fontWeight: 600 }}>
            Generate
          </div>
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ import {
  randomInteger,
  CLASSES,
  Emitter,
+  isMobile,
  MINIMUM_ARROW_SIZE,
 } from "@excalidraw/common";

@@ -233,6 +234,8 @@ import {
  hitElementBoundingBox,
  isLineElement,
  isSimpleArrow,
+  StoreDelta,
+  type ApplyToOptions,
 } from "@excalidraw/element";

 import type { LocalPoint, Radians } from "@excalidraw/math";
@@ -259,6 +262,7 @@ import type {
  MagicGenerationData,
  ExcalidrawArrowElement,
  ExcalidrawElbowArrowElement,
+  SceneElementsMap,
 } from "@excalidraw/element/types";

 import type { Mutable, ValueOf } from "@excalidraw/common/utility-types";
@@ -650,9 +654,14 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
  >();
  onRemoveEventListenersEmitter = new Emitter<[]>();

+  defaultSelectionTool: "selection" | "lasso" = "selection";
+
  constructor(props: AppProps) {
    super(props);
    const defaultAppState = getDefaultAppState();
+    this.defaultSelectionTool = this.isMobileOrTablet()
+      ? ("lasso" as const)
+      : ("selection" as const);
    const {
      excalidrawAPI,
      viewModeEnabled = false,
@@ -697,6 +706,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
    if (excalidrawAPI) {
      const api: ExcalidrawImperativeAPI = {
        updateScene: this.updateScene,
+        applyDeltas: this.applyDeltas,
        mutateElement: this.mutateElement,
        updateLibrary: this.library.updateLibrary,
        addFiles: this.addFiles,
@@ -1602,7 +1612,8 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
                          renderWelcomeScreen={
                            !this.state.isLoading &&
                            this.state.showWelcomeScreen &&
-                            this.state.activeTool.type === "selection" &&
+                            this.state.activeTool.type ===
+                              this.defaultSelectionTool &&
                            !this.state.zenModeEnabled &&
                            !this.scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted().length
                          }
@@ -2342,7 +2353,11 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
        },
      };
    }
-    const scene = restore(initialData, null, null, { repairBindings: true });
+    const scene = restore(initialData, null, null, {
+      repairBindings: true,
+      deleteInvisibleElements: true,
+    });
+    const activeTool = scene.appState.activeTool;
    scene.appState = {
      ...scene.appState,
      theme: this.props.theme || scene.appState.theme,
@@ -2352,8 +2367,13 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
      // with a library install link, which should auto-open the library)
      openSidebar: scene.appState?.openSidebar || this.state.openSidebar,
      activeTool:
-        scene.appState.activeTool.type === "image"
-          ? { ...scene.appState.activeTool, type: "selection" }
+        activeTool.type === "image" ||
+        activeTool.type === "lasso" ||
+        activeTool.type === "selection"
+          ? {
+              ...activeTool,
+              type: this.defaultSelectionTool,
+            }
          : scene.appState.activeTool,
      isLoading: false,
      toast: this.state.toast,
@@ -2392,6 +2412,16 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
    }
  };

+  private isMobileOrTablet = (): boolean => {
+    const hasTouch = "ontouchstart" in window || navigator.maxTouchPoints > 0;
+    const hasCoarsePointer =
+      "matchMedia" in window &&
+      window?.matchMedia("(pointer: coarse)")?.matches;
+    const isTouchMobile = hasTouch && hasCoarsePointer;
+
+    return isMobile || isTouchMobile;
+  };
+
  private isMobileBreakpoint = (width: number, height: number) => {
    return (
      width < MQ_MAX_WIDTH_PORTRAIT ||
@@ -3110,7 +3140,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
        this.addElementsFromPasteOrLibrary({
          elements,
          files: data.files || null,
-          position: "cursor",
+          position: this.isMobileOrTablet() ? "center" : "cursor",
          retainSeed: isPlainPaste,
        });
      } else if (data.text) {
@@ -3128,7 +3158,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
            this.addElementsFromPasteOrLibrary({
              elements,
              files,
-              position: "cursor",
+              position: this.isMobileOrTablet() ? "center" : "cursor",
            });

            return;
@@ -3188,7 +3218,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
        }
        this.addTextFromPaste(data.text, isPlainPaste);
      }
-      this.setActiveTool({ type: "selection" });
+      this.setActiveTool({ type: this.defaultSelectionTool }, true);
      event?.preventDefault();
    },
  );
@@ -3200,7 +3230,9 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
    retainSeed?: boolean;
    fitToContent?: boolean;
  }) => {
-    const elements = restoreElements(opts.elements, null, undefined);
+    const elements = restoreElements(opts.elements, null, {
+      deleteInvisibleElements: true,
+    });
    const [minX, minY, maxX, maxY] = getCommonBounds(elements);

    const elementsCenterX = distance(minX, maxX) / 2;
@@ -3332,7 +3364,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
        }
      },
    );
-    this.setActiveTool({ type: "selection" });
+    this.setActiveTool({ type: this.defaultSelectionTool }, true);

    if (opts.fitToContent) {
      this.scrollToContent(duplicatedElements, {
@@ -3578,7 +3610,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
          ...updateActiveTool(
            this.state,
            prevState.activeTool.locked
-              ? { type: "selection" }
+              ? { type: this.defaultSelectionTool }
              : prevState.activeTool,
          ),
          locked: !prevState.activeTool.locked,
@@ -3933,6 +3965,27 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
    },
  );

+  public applyDeltas = (
+    deltas: StoreDelta[],
+    options?: ApplyToOptions,
+  ): [SceneElementsMap, AppState, boolean] => {
+    // squash all deltas together, starting with a fresh new delta instance
+    const aggregatedDelta = StoreDelta.squash(...deltas);
+
+    // create new instance of elements map & appState, so we don't accidentaly mutate existing ones
+    const nextAppState = { ...this.state };
+    const nextElements = new Map(
+      this.scene.getElementsMapIncludingDeleted(),
+    ) as SceneElementsMap;
+
+    return StoreDelta.applyTo(
+      aggregatedDelta,
+      nextElements,
+      nextAppState,
+      options,
+    );
+  };
+
  public mutateElement = <TElement extends Mutable<ExcalidrawElement>>(
    element: TElement,
    updates: ElementUpdate<TElement>,
@@ -4470,7 +4523,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
        !this.state.selectionElement &&
        !this.state.selectedElementsAreBeingDragged
      ) {
-        const shape = findShapeByKey(event.key);
+        const shape = findShapeByKey(event.key, this);
        if (shape) {
          if (this.state.activeTool.type !== shape) {
            trackEvent(
@@ -4563,7 +4616,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {

      if (event.key === KEYS.K && !event.altKey && !event[KEYS.CTRL_OR_CMD]) {
        if (this.state.activeTool.type === "laser") {
-          this.setActiveTool({ type: "selection" });
+          this.setActiveTool({ type: this.defaultSelectionTool });
        } else {
          this.setActiveTool({ type: "laser" });
        }
@@ -4927,17 +4980,8 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
      }),
      onSubmit: withBatchedUpdates(({ viaKeyboard, nextOriginalText }) => {
        const isDeleted = !nextOriginalText.trim();
+        updateElement(nextOriginalText, isDeleted);

-        if (isDeleted && !isExistingElement) {
-          // let's just remove the element from the scene, as it's an empty just created text element
-          this.scene.replaceAllElements(
-            this.scene
-              .getElementsIncludingDeleted()
-              .filter((x) => x.id !== element.id),
-          );
-        } else {
-          updateElement(nextOriginalText, isDeleted);
-        }
        // select the created text element only if submitting via keyboard
        // (when submitting via click it should act as signal to deselect)
        if (!isDeleted && viaKeyboard) {
@@ -4961,15 +5005,16 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
            }));
          });
        }
+
        if (isDeleted) {
          fixBindingsAfterDeletion(this.scene.getNonDeletedElements(), [
            element,
          ]);
        }

-        // we need to record either way, whether the text element was added or removed
-        // since we need to sync this delta to other clients, otherwise it would end up with inconsistencies
-        this.store.scheduleCapture();
+        if (!isDeleted || isExistingElement) {
+          this.store.scheduleCapture();
+        }

        flushSync(() => {
          this.setState({
@@ -5416,7 +5461,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
      return;
    }
    // we should only be able to double click when mode is selection
-    if (this.state.activeTool.type !== "selection") {
+    if (this.state.activeTool.type !== this.defaultSelectionTool) {
      return;
    }

@@ -5708,8 +5753,9 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
    const elementsMap = this.scene.getNonDeletedElementsMap();
    const frames = this.scene
      .getNonDeletedFramesLikes()
-      .filter((frame): frame is ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement =>
-        isCursorInFrame(sceneCoords, frame, elementsMap),
+      .filter(
+        (frame): frame is ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement =>
+          !frame.locked && isCursorInFrame(sceneCoords, frame, elementsMap),
      );

    return frames.length ? frames[frames.length - 1] : null;
@@ -6027,6 +6073,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
    if (
      hasDeselectedButton ||
      (this.state.activeTool.type !== "selection" &&
+        this.state.activeTool.type !== "lasso" &&
        this.state.activeTool.type !== "text" &&
        this.state.activeTool.type !== "eraser")
    ) {
@@ -6189,7 +6236,12 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
            !isElbowArrow(hitElement) ||
            !(hitElement.startBinding || hitElement.endBinding)
          ) {
-            setCursor(this.interactiveCanvas, CURSOR_TYPE.MOVE);
+            if (
+              this.state.activeTool.type !== "lasso" ||
+              selectedElements.length > 0
+            ) {
+              setCursor(this.interactiveCanvas, CURSOR_TYPE.MOVE);
+            }
            if (this.state.activeEmbeddable?.state === "hover") {
              this.setState({ activeEmbeddable: null });
            }
@@ -6306,7 +6358,12 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
            !isElbowArrow(element) ||
            !(element.startBinding || element.endBinding)
          ) {
-            setCursor(this.interactiveCanvas, CURSOR_TYPE.MOVE);
+            if (
+              this.state.activeTool.type !== "lasso" ||
+              Object.keys(this.state.selectedElementIds).length > 0
+            ) {
+              setCursor(this.interactiveCanvas, CURSOR_TYPE.MOVE);
+            }
          }
        }
      } else if (this.hitElement(scenePointerX, scenePointerY, element)) {
@@ -6315,7 +6372,12 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
          !isElbowArrow(element) ||
          !(element.startBinding || element.endBinding)
        ) {
-          setCursor(this.interactiveCanvas, CURSOR_TYPE.MOVE);
+          if (
+            this.state.activeTool.type !== "lasso" ||
+            Object.keys(this.state.selectedElementIds).length > 0
+          ) {
+            setCursor(this.interactiveCanvas, CURSOR_TYPE.MOVE);
+          }
        }
      }

@@ -6577,11 +6639,119 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
    }

    if (this.state.activeTool.type === "lasso") {
-      this.lassoTrail.startPath(
-        pointerDownState.origin.x,
-        pointerDownState.origin.y,
-        event.shiftKey,
-      );
+      const hitSelectedElement =
+        pointerDownState.hit.element &&
+        this.isASelectedElement(pointerDownState.hit.element);
+
+      const isMobileOrTablet = this.isMobileOrTablet();
+
+      if (
+        !pointerDownState.hit.hasHitCommonBoundingBoxOfSelectedElements &&
+        !pointerDownState.resize.handleType &&
+        !hitSelectedElement
+      ) {
+        this.lassoTrail.startPath(
+          pointerDownState.origin.x,
+          pointerDownState.origin.y,
+          event.shiftKey,
+        );
+
+        // block dragging after lasso selection on PCs until the next pointer down
+        // (on mobile or tablet, we want to allow user to drag immediately)
+        pointerDownState.drag.blockDragging = !isMobileOrTablet;
+      }
+
+      // only for mobile or tablet, if we hit an element, select it immediately like normal selection
+      if (
+        isMobileOrTablet &&
+        pointerDownState.hit.element &&
+        !hitSelectedElement
+      ) {
+        this.setState((prevState) => {
+          const nextSelectedElementIds: { [id: string]: true } = {
+            ...prevState.selectedElementIds,
+            [pointerDownState.hit.element!.id]: true,
+          };
+
+          const previouslySelectedElements: ExcalidrawElement[] = [];
+
+          Object.keys(prevState.selectedElementIds).forEach((id) => {
+            const element = this.scene.getElement(id);
+            element && previouslySelectedElements.push(element);
+          });
+
+          const hitElement = pointerDownState.hit.element!;
+
+          // if hitElement is frame-like, deselect all of its elements
+          // if they are selected
+          if (isFrameLikeElement(hitElement)) {
+            getFrameChildren(previouslySelectedElements, hitElement.id).forEach(
+              (element) => {
+                delete nextSelectedElementIds[element.id];
+              },
+            );
+          } else if (hitElement.frameId) {
+            // if hitElement is in a frame and its frame has been selected
+            // disable selection for the given element
+            if (nextSelectedElementIds[hitElement.frameId]) {
+              delete nextSelectedElementIds[hitElement.id];
+            }
+          } else {
+            // hitElement is neither a frame nor an element in a frame
+            // but since hitElement could be in a group with some frames
+            // this means selecting hitElement will have the frames selected as well
+            // because we want to keep the invariant:
+            // - frames and their elements are not selected at the same time
+            // we deselect elements in those frames that were previously selected
+
+            const groupIds = hitElement.groupIds;
+            const framesInGroups = new Set(
+              groupIds
+                .flatMap((gid) =>
+                  getElementsInGroup(this.scene.getNonDeletedElements(), gid),
+                )
+                .filter((element) => isFrameLikeElement(element))
+                .map((frame) => frame.id),
+            );
+
+            if (framesInGroups.size > 0) {
+              previouslySelectedElements.forEach((element) => {
+                if (element.frameId && framesInGroups.has(element.frameId)) {
+                  // deselect element and groups containing the element
+                  delete nextSelectedElementIds[element.id];
+                  element.groupIds
+                    .flatMap((gid) =>
+                      getElementsInGroup(
+                        this.scene.getNonDeletedElements(),
+                        gid,
+                      ),
+                    )
+                    .forEach((element) => {
+                      delete nextSelectedElementIds[element.id];
+                    });
+                }
+              });
+            }
+          }
+
+          return {
+            ...selectGroupsForSelectedElements(
+              {
+                editingGroupId: prevState.editingGroupId,
+                selectedElementIds: nextSelectedElementIds,
+              },
+              this.scene.getNonDeletedElements(),
+              prevState,
+              this,
+            ),
+            showHyperlinkPopup:
+              hitElement.link || isEmbeddableElement(hitElement)
+                ? "info"
+                : false,
+          };
+        });
+        pointerDownState.hit.wasAddedToSelection = true;
+      }
    } else if (this.state.activeTool.type === "text") {
      this.handleTextOnPointerDown(event, pointerDownState);
    } else if (
@@ -6961,6 +7131,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
        hasOccurred: false,
        offset: null,
        origin: { ...origin },
+        blockDragging: false,
      },
      eventListeners: {
        onMove: null,
@@ -7036,7 +7207,10 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
    event: React.PointerEvent<HTMLElement>,
    pointerDownState: PointerDownState,
  ): boolean => {
-    if (this.state.activeTool.type === "selection") {
+    if (
+      this.state.activeTool.type === "selection" ||
+      this.state.activeTool.type === "lasso"
+    ) {
      const elements = this.scene.getNonDeletedElements();
      const elementsMap = this.scene.getNonDeletedElementsMap();
      const selectedElements = this.scene.getSelectedElements(this.state);
@@ -7243,7 +7417,18 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
          // on CMD/CTRL, drill down to hit element regardless of groups etc.
          if (event[KEYS.CTRL_OR_CMD]) {
            if (event.altKey) {
-              // ctrl + alt means we're lasso selecting
+              // ctrl + alt means we're lasso selecting - start lasso trail and switch to lasso tool
+
+              // Close any open dialogs that might interfere with lasso selection
+              if (this.state.openDialog?.name === "elementLinkSelector") {
+                this.setOpenDialog(null);
+              }
+              this.lassoTrail.startPath(
+                pointerDownState.origin.x,
+                pointerDownState.origin.y,
+                event.shiftKey,
+              );
+              this.setActiveTool({ type: "lasso", fromSelection: true });
              return false;
            }
            if (!this.state.selectedElementIds[hitElement.id]) {
@@ -7464,7 +7649,9 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
    resetCursor(this.interactiveCanvas);
    if (!this.state.activeTool.locked) {
      this.setState({
-        activeTool: updateActiveTool(this.state, { type: "selection" }),
+        activeTool: updateActiveTool(this.state, {
+          type: this.defaultSelectionTool,
+        }),
      });
    }
  };
@@ -8248,15 +8435,18 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
        event.shiftKey &&
        this.state.selectedLinearElement.elementId ===
          pointerDownState.hit.element?.id;
+
      if (
        (hasHitASelectedElement ||
          pointerDownState.hit.hasHitCommonBoundingBoxOfSelectedElements) &&
        !isSelectingPointsInLineEditor &&
-        this.state.activeTool.type !== "lasso"
+        !pointerDownState.drag.blockDragging
      ) {
        const selectedElements = this.scene.getSelectedElements(this.state);
-
-        if (selectedElements.every((element) => element.locked)) {
+        if (
+          selectedElements.length > 0 &&
+          selectedElements.every((element) => element.locked)
+        ) {
          return;
        }

@@ -8277,6 +8467,29 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
        // if elements should be deselected on pointerup
        pointerDownState.drag.hasOccurred = true;

+        // prevent immediate dragging during lasso selection to avoid element displacement
+        // only allow dragging if we're not in the middle of lasso selection
+        // (on mobile, allow dragging if we hit an element)
+        if (
+          this.state.activeTool.type === "lasso" &&
+          this.lassoTrail.hasCurrentTrail &&
+          !(this.isMobileOrTablet() && pointerDownState.hit.element) &&
+          !this.state.activeTool.fromSelection
+        ) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Clear lasso trail when starting to drag selected elements with lasso tool
+        // Only clear if we're actually dragging (not during lasso selection)
+        if (
+          this.state.activeTool.type === "lasso" &&
+          selectedElements.length > 0 &&
+          pointerDownState.drag.hasOccurred &&
+          !this.state.activeTool.fromSelection
+        ) {
+          this.lassoTrail.endPath();
+        }
+
        // prevent dragging even if we're no longer holding cmd/ctrl otherwise
        // it would have weird results (stuff jumping all over the screen)
        // Checking for editingTextElement to avoid jump while editing on mobile #6503
@@ -8871,6 +9084,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
  ): (event: PointerEvent) => void {
    return withBatchedUpdates((childEvent: PointerEvent) => {
      this.removePointer(childEvent);
+      pointerDownState.drag.blockDragging = false;
      if (pointerDownState.eventListeners.onMove) {
        pointerDownState.eventListeners.onMove.flush();
      }
@@ -9159,7 +9373,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
            this.setState((prevState) => ({
              newElement: null,
              activeTool: updateActiveTool(this.state, {
-                type: "selection",
+                type: this.defaultSelectionTool,
              }),
              selectedElementIds: makeNextSelectedElementIds(
                {
@@ -9775,7 +9989,9 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
        this.setState({
          newElement: null,
          suggestedBindings: [],
-          activeTool: updateActiveTool(this.state, { type: "selection" }),
+          activeTool: updateActiveTool(this.state, {
+            type: this.defaultSelectionTool,
+          }),
        });
      } else {
        this.setState({
@@ -10069,7 +10285,9 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
      this.setState(
        {
          newElement: null,
-          activeTool: updateActiveTool(this.state, { type: "selection" }),
+          activeTool: updateActiveTool(this.state, {
+            type: this.defaultSelectionTool,
+          }),
        },
        () => {
          this.actionManager.executeAction(actionFinalize);
@@ -10121,7 +10339,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
    if (erroredFiles.size) {
      this.store.scheduleAction(CaptureUpdateAction.NEVER);
      this.scene.replaceAllElements(
-        elements.map((element) => {
+        this.scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted().map((element) => {
          if (
            isInitializedImageElement(element) &&
            erroredFiles.has(element.fileId)
@@ -10442,7 +10660,7 @@ class App extends React.Component<AppProps, AppState> {
          event.nativeEvent.pointerType === "pen" &&
          // always allow if user uses a pen secondary button
          event.button !== POINTER_BUTTON.SECONDARY)) &&
-      this.state.activeTool.type !== "selection"
+      this.state.activeTool.type !== this.defaultSelectionTool
    ) {
      return;
    }
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import {
  EraserIcon,
 } from "./icons";

+import type { AppClassProperties } from "../types";
+
 export const SHAPES = [
  {
    icon: SelectionIcon,
@@ -86,8 +88,23 @@ export const SHAPES = [
  },
 ] as const;

-export const findShapeByKey = (key: string) => {
-  const shape = SHAPES.find((shape, index) => {
+export const getToolbarTools = (app: AppClassProperties) => {
+  return app.defaultSelectionTool === "lasso"
+    ? ([
+        {
+          value: "lasso",
+          icon: SelectionIcon,
+          key: KEYS.V,
+          numericKey: KEYS["1"],
+          fillable: true,
+        },
+        ...SHAPES.slice(1),
+      ] as const)
+    : SHAPES;
+};
+
+export const findShapeByKey = (key: string, app: AppClassProperties) => {
+  const shape = getToolbarTools(app).find((shape, index) => {
    return (
      (shape.numericKey != null && key === shape.numericKey.toString()) ||
      (shape.key &&
@@ -170,7 +170,11 @@ export const loadSceneOrLibraryFromBlob = async (
          },
          localAppState,
          localElements,
-          { repairBindings: true, refreshDimensions: false },
+          {
+            repairBindings: true,
+            refreshDimensions: false,
+            deleteInvisibleElements: true,
+          },
        ),
      };
    } else if (isValidLibrary(data)) {
@@ -4,13 +4,7 @@ import {
  supported as nativeFileSystemSupported,
 } from "browser-fs-access";

-import {
-  EVENT,
-  MIME_TYPES,
-  debounce,
-  isIOS,
-  isAndroid,
-} from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { EVENT, MIME_TYPES, debounce } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import { AbortError } from "../errors";

@@ -19,8 +13,6 @@ import type { FileSystemHandle } from "browser-fs-access";
 type FILE_EXTENSION = Exclude<keyof typeof MIME_TYPES, "binary">;

 const INPUT_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS = 500;
-// increase timeout for mobile devices to give more time for file selection
-const MOBILE_INPUT_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS = 2000;

 export const fileOpen = <M extends boolean | undefined = false>(opts: {
  extensions?: FILE_EXTENSION[];
@@ -49,22 +41,13 @@ export const fileOpen = <M extends boolean | undefined = false>(opts: {
    mimeTypes,
    multiple: opts.multiple ?? false,
    legacySetup: (resolve, reject, input) => {
-      const isMobile = isIOS || isAndroid;
-      const intervalMs = isMobile
-        ? MOBILE_INPUT_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS
-        : INPUT_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS;
-      const scheduleRejection = debounce(reject, intervalMs);
-
+      const scheduleRejection = debounce(reject, INPUT_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS);
      const focusHandler = () => {
        checkForFile();
-        // on mobile, be less aggressive with rejection
-        if (!isMobile) {
-          document.addEventListener(EVENT.KEYUP, scheduleRejection);
-          document.addEventListener(EVENT.POINTER_UP, scheduleRejection);
-          scheduleRejection();
-        }
+        document.addEventListener(EVENT.KEYUP, scheduleRejection);
+        document.addEventListener(EVENT.POINTER_UP, scheduleRejection);
+        scheduleRejection();
      };
-
      const checkForFile = () => {
        // this hack might not work when expecting multiple files
        if (input.files?.length) {
@@ -72,15 +55,12 @@ export const fileOpen = <M extends boolean | undefined = false>(opts: {
          resolve(ret as RetType);
        }
      };
-
      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
        window.addEventListener(EVENT.FOCUS, focusHandler);
      });
-
      const interval = window.setInterval(() => {
        checkForFile();
-      }, intervalMs);
-
+      }, INPUT_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS);
      return (rejectPromise) => {
        clearInterval(interval);
        scheduleRejection.cancel();
@@ -89,9 +69,7 @@ export const fileOpen = <M extends boolean | undefined = false>(opts: {
        document.removeEventListener(EVENT.POINTER_UP, scheduleRejection);
        if (rejectPromise) {
          // so that something is shown in console if we need to debug this
-          console.warn(
-            "Opening the file was canceled (legacy-fs). This may happen on mobile devices.",
-          );
+          console.warn("Opening the file was canceled (legacy-fs).");
          rejectPromise(new AbortError());
        }
      };
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export type ReconciledExcalidrawElement = OrderedExcalidrawElement &
 export type RemoteExcalidrawElement = OrderedExcalidrawElement &
  MakeBrand<"RemoteExcalidrawElement">;

-const shouldDiscardRemoteElement = (
+export const shouldDiscardRemoteElement = (
  localAppState: AppState,
  local: OrderedExcalidrawElement | undefined,
  remote: RemoteExcalidrawElement,
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const shouldDiscardRemoteElement = (
    // local element is being edited
    (local.id === localAppState.editingTextElement?.id ||
      local.id === localAppState.resizingElement?.id ||
-      local.id === localAppState.newElement?.id || // TODO: Is this still valid? As newElement is selection element, which is never part of the elements array
+      local.id === localAppState.newElement?.id ||
      // local element is newer
      local.version > remote.version ||
      // resolve conflicting edits deterministically by taking the one with
@@ -241,8 +241,9 @@ const restoreElementWithProperties = <
  return ret;
 };

-const restoreElement = (
+export const restoreElement = (
  element: Exclude<ExcalidrawElement, ExcalidrawSelectionElement>,
+  opts?: { deleteInvisibleElements?: boolean },
 ): typeof element | null => {
  element = { ...element };

@@ -290,7 +291,8 @@ const restoreElement = (

      // if empty text, mark as deleted. We keep in array
      // for data integrity purposes (collab etc.)
-      if (!text && !element.isDeleted) {
+      if (opts?.deleteInvisibleElements && !text && !element.isDeleted) {
+        // TODO: we should not do this since it breaks sync / versioning when we exchange / apply just deltas and restore the elements (deletion isn't recorded)
        element = { ...element, originalText: text, isDeleted: true };
        element = bumpVersion(element);
      }
@@ -523,7 +525,13 @@ export const restoreElements = (
  elements: ImportedDataState["elements"],
  /** NOTE doesn't serve for reconciliation */
  localElements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[] | null | undefined,
-  opts?: { refreshDimensions?: boolean; repairBindings?: boolean } | undefined,
+  opts?:
+    | {
+        refreshDimensions?: boolean;
+        repairBindings?: boolean;
+        deleteInvisibleElements?: boolean;
+      }
+    | undefined,
 ): OrderedExcalidrawElement[] => {
  // used to detect duplicate top-level element ids
  const existingIds = new Set<string>();
@@ -532,24 +540,38 @@ export const restoreElements = (
    (elements || []).reduce((elements, element) => {
      // filtering out selection, which is legacy, no longer kept in elements,
      // and causing issues if retained
-      if (element.type !== "selection" && !isInvisiblySmallElement(element)) {
-        let migratedElement: ExcalidrawElement | null = restoreElement(element);
-        if (migratedElement) {
-          const localElement = localElementsMap?.get(element.id);
-          if (localElement && localElement.version > migratedElement.version) {
-            migratedElement = bumpVersion(
-              migratedElement,
-              localElement.version,
-            );
-          }
-          if (existingIds.has(migratedElement.id)) {
-            migratedElement = { ...migratedElement, id: randomId() };
-          }
-          existingIds.add(migratedElement.id);
-
-          elements.push(migratedElement);
-        }
+      if (element.type === "selection") {
+        return elements;
      }
+
+      let migratedElement: ExcalidrawElement | null = restoreElement(element, {
+        deleteInvisibleElements: opts?.deleteInvisibleElements,
+      });
+      if (migratedElement) {
+        const localElement = localElementsMap?.get(element.id);
+
+        const shouldMarkAsDeleted =
+          opts?.deleteInvisibleElements && isInvisiblySmallElement(element);
+
+        if (
+          shouldMarkAsDeleted ||
+          (localElement && localElement.version > migratedElement.version)
+        ) {
+          migratedElement = bumpVersion(migratedElement, localElement?.version);
+        }
+
+        if (shouldMarkAsDeleted) {
+          migratedElement = { ...migratedElement, isDeleted: true };
+        }
+
+        if (existingIds.has(migratedElement.id)) {
+          migratedElement = { ...migratedElement, id: randomId() };
+        }
+        existingIds.add(migratedElement.id);
+
+        elements.push(migratedElement);
+      }
+
      return elements;
    }, [] as ExcalidrawElement[]),
  );
@@ -790,7 +812,11 @@ export const restore = (
   */
  localAppState: Partial<AppState> | null | undefined,
  localElements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[] | null | undefined,
-  elementsConfig?: { refreshDimensions?: boolean; repairBindings?: boolean },
+  elementsConfig?: {
+    refreshDimensions?: boolean;
+    repairBindings?: boolean;
+    deleteInvisibleElements?: boolean;
+  },
 ): RestoredDataState => {
  return {
    elements: restoreElements(data?.elements, localElements, elementsConfig),
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ export class History {
      let nextAppState = appState;
      let containsVisibleChange = false;

-      // iterate through the history entries in case ;they result in no visible changes
+      // iterate through the history entries in case they result in no visible changes
      while (historyDelta) {
        try {
          [nextElements, nextAppState, containsVisibleChange] =
@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ export { defaultLang, useI18n, languages } from "./i18n";
 export {
  restore,
  restoreAppState,
+  restoreElement,
  restoreElements,
  restoreLibraryItems,
 } from "./data/restore";
@@ -169,8 +169,14 @@ export const isSnappingEnabled = ({
  selectedElements: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
 }) => {
  if (event) {
+    // Allow snapping for lasso tool when dragging selected elements
+    // but not during lasso selection phase
+    const isLassoDragging =
+      app.state.activeTool.type === "lasso" &&
+      app.state.selectedElementsAreBeingDragged;
+
    return (
-      app.state.activeTool.type !== "lasso" &&
+      (app.state.activeTool.type !== "lasso" || isLassoDragging) &&
      ((app.state.objectsSnapModeEnabled && !event[KEYS.CTRL_OR_CMD]) ||
        (!app.state.objectsSnapModeEnabled &&
          event[KEYS.CTRL_OR_CMD] &&
@@ -3682,14 +3682,14 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send backward' in context menu sends e
  "opacity": 100,
  "roughness": 1,
  "roundness": null,
-  "seed": 1116226695,
+  "seed": 400692809,
  "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e",
  "strokeStyle": "solid",
  "strokeWidth": 2,
  "type": "rectangle",
  "updated": 1,
  "version": 4,
-  "versionNonce": 23633383,
+  "versionNonce": 81784553,
  "width": 20,
  "x": 20,
  "y": 30,
@@ -3714,14 +3714,14 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send backward' in context menu sends e
  "opacity": 100,
  "roughness": 1,
  "roundness": null,
-  "seed": 1278240551,
+  "seed": 449462985,
  "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e",
  "strokeStyle": "solid",
  "strokeWidth": 2,
  "type": "rectangle",
  "updated": 1,
  "version": 3,
-  "versionNonce": 401146281,
+  "versionNonce": 1150084233,
  "width": 20,
  "x": -10,
  "y": 0,
@@ -2216,16 +2216,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > alt-drag duplicates an element > [end of test] undo
          },
        },
      },
-      "updated": {
-        "id0": {
-          "deleted": {
-            "version": 5,
-          },
-          "inserted": {
-            "version": 3,
-          },
-        },
-      },
+      "updated": {},
    },
    "id": "id6",
  },
@@ -6394,15 +6385,16 @@ exports[`regression tests > draw every type of shape > [end of test] undo stack
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id9": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id9",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id9",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
        "inserted": {
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id6": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
      },
    },
@@ -6470,13 +6462,19 @@ exports[`regression tests > draw every type of shape > [end of test] undo stack
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id12": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id12",
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id12",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
        "inserted": {
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id9": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id9",
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id9",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
      },
    },
@@ -6542,15 +6540,16 @@ exports[`regression tests > draw every type of shape > [end of test] undo stack
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id15": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
        "inserted": {
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id12": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id12",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id12",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
      },
    },
@@ -6677,12 +6676,13 @@ exports[`regression tests > draw every type of shape > [end of test] undo stack
    "appState": AppStateDelta {
      "delta": Delta {
        "deleted": {
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id15",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id15",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
        "inserted": {
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
      },
    },
@@ -6700,15 +6700,16 @@ exports[`regression tests > draw every type of shape > [end of test] undo stack
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id22": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
        "inserted": {
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id15": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id15",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id15",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
      },
    },
@@ -6833,12 +6834,13 @@ exports[`regression tests > draw every type of shape > [end of test] undo stack
    "appState": AppStateDelta {
      "delta": Delta {
        "deleted": {
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id22",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id22",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
        "inserted": {
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
      },
    },
@@ -6873,12 +6875,13 @@ exports[`regression tests > draw every type of shape > [end of test] undo stack
    "appState": AppStateDelta {
      "delta": Delta {
        "deleted": {
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
        "inserted": {
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id22",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id22",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
      },
    },
@@ -8719,13 +8722,14 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 5 selects arrow tool > [end of test] undo stack
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id0": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id0",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id0",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
        "inserted": {
          "selectedElementIds": {},
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
      },
    },
@@ -8946,13 +8950,14 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 6 selects line tool > [end of test] undo stack 1
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id0": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id0",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id0",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
        "inserted": {
          "selectedElementIds": {},
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
      },
    },
@@ -9365,13 +9370,14 @@ exports[`regression tests > key a selects arrow tool > [end of test] undo stack
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id0": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id0",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id0",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
        "inserted": {
          "selectedElementIds": {},
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
      },
    },
@@ -9770,13 +9776,14 @@ exports[`regression tests > key l selects line tool > [end of test] undo stack 1
          "selectedElementIds": {
            "id0": true,
          },
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id0",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id0",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
        "inserted": {
          "selectedElementIds": {},
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
      },
    },
@@ -10885,32 +10892,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > make a group and duplicate it > [end of test] undo s
          },
        },
      },
-      "updated": {
-        "id0": {
-          "deleted": {
-            "version": 6,
-          },
-          "inserted": {
-            "version": 4,
-          },
-        },
-        "id3": {
-          "deleted": {
-            "version": 6,
-          },
-          "inserted": {
-            "version": 4,
-          },
-        },
-        "id6": {
-          "deleted": {
-            "version": 6,
-          },
-          "inserted": {
-            "version": 4,
-          },
-        },
-      },
+      "updated": {},
    },
    "id": "id21",
  },
@@ -14494,12 +14476,13 @@ exports[`regression tests > undo/redo drawing an element > [end of test] redo st
    "appState": AppStateDelta {
      "delta": Delta {
        "deleted": {
-          "selectedLinearElementId": null,
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": null,
+          "selectedLinearElement": null,
        },
        "inserted": {
-          "selectedLinearElementId": "id6",
-          "selectedLinearElementIsEditing": false,
+          "selectedLinearElement": {
+            "elementId": "id6",
+            "isEditing": false,
+          },
        },
      },
    },
@@ -60,7 +60,11 @@ describe("restoreElements", () => {
    const rectElement = API.createElement({ type: "rectangle" });
    mockSizeHelper.mockImplementation(() => true);

-    expect(restore.restoreElements([rectElement], null).length).toBe(0);
+    expect(
+      restore.restoreElements([rectElement], null, {
+        deleteInvisibleElements: true,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual([expect.objectContaining({ isDeleted: true })]);
  });

  it("should restore text element correctly passing value for each attribute", () => {
@@ -85,6 +89,23 @@ describe("restoreElements", () => {
    });
  });

+  it("should not delete empty text element when opts.deleteInvisibleElements is not defined", () => {
+    const textElement = API.createElement({
+      type: "text",
+      text: "",
+      isDeleted: false,
+    });
+
+    const restoredElements = restore.restoreElements([textElement], null);
+
+    expect(restoredElements).toEqual([
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        id: textElement.id,
+        isDeleted: false,
+      }),
+    ]);
+  });
+
  it("should restore text element correctly with unknown font family, null text and undefined alignment", () => {
    const textElement: any = API.createElement({
      type: "text",
@@ -97,10 +118,9 @@ describe("restoreElements", () => {
    textElement.font = "10 unknown";

    expect(textElement.isDeleted).toBe(false);
-    const restoredText = restore.restoreElements(
-      [textElement],
-      null,
-    )[0] as ExcalidrawTextElement;
+    const restoredText = restore.restoreElements([textElement], null, {
+      deleteInvisibleElements: true,
+    })[0] as ExcalidrawTextElement;
    expect(restoredText.isDeleted).toBe(true);
    expect(restoredText).toMatchSnapshot({
      seed: expect.any(Number),
@@ -177,13 +197,16 @@ describe("restoreElements", () => {
      y: 0,
    });

-    const restoredElements = restore.restoreElements([arrowElement], null);
+    const restoredElements = restore.restoreElements([arrowElement], null, {
+      deleteInvisibleElements: true,
+    });

    const restoredArrow = restoredElements[0] as
      | ExcalidrawArrowElement
      | undefined;

-    expect(restoredArrow).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(restoredArrow).not.toBeUndefined();
+    expect(restoredArrow?.isDeleted).toBe(true);
  });

  it("should keep 'imperceptibly' small freedraw/line elements", () => {
@@ -848,6 +871,7 @@ describe("repairing bindings", () => {
    let restoredElements = restore.restoreElements(
      [container, invisibleBoundElement, boundElement],
      null,
+      { deleteInvisibleElements: true },
    );

    expect(restoredElements).toEqual([
@@ -855,6 +879,11 @@ describe("repairing bindings", () => {
        id: container.id,
        boundElements: [obsoleteBinding, invisibleBinding, nonExistentBinding],
      }),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        id: invisibleBoundElement.id,
+        containerId: container.id,
+        isDeleted: true,
+      }),
      expect.objectContaining({
        id: boundElement.id,
        containerId: container.id,
@@ -864,7 +893,7 @@ describe("repairing bindings", () => {
    restoredElements = restore.restoreElements(
      [container, invisibleBoundElement, boundElement],
      null,
-      { repairBindings: true },
+      { repairBindings: true, deleteInvisibleElements: true },
    );

    expect(restoredElements).toEqual([
@@ -872,6 +901,11 @@ describe("repairing bindings", () => {
        id: container.id,
        boundElements: [],
      }),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        id: invisibleBoundElement.id,
+        containerId: container.id,
+        isDeleted: true,
+      }),
      expect.objectContaining({
        id: boundElement.id,
        containerId: container.id,
@@ -315,7 +315,12 @@ describe("Test dragCreate", () => {
      );
      expect(renderStaticScene.mock.calls.length).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`5`);
      expect(h.state.selectionElement).toBeNull();
-      expect(h.elements.length).toEqual(0);
+      expect(h.elements).toEqual([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          type: "arrow",
+          isDeleted: true,
+        }),
+      ]);
    });

    it("line", async () => {
@@ -344,7 +349,12 @@ describe("Test dragCreate", () => {
      );
      expect(renderStaticScene.mock.calls.length).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`5`);
      expect(h.state.selectionElement).toBeNull();
-      expect(h.elements.length).toEqual(0);
+      expect(h.elements).toEqual([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          type: "line",
+          isDeleted: true,
+        }),
+      ]);
    });
  });
 });
@@ -3043,15 +3043,14 @@ describe("history", () => {
      });

      Keyboard.undo();
-      expect(API.getUndoStack().length).toBe(3);
-      expect(API.getRedoStack().length).toBe(1);
-      expect(h.state.selectedLinearElement).not.toBeNull();
-      expect(h.state.selectedLinearElement?.isEditing).toBe(true);
+      expect(API.getUndoStack().length).toBe(0);
+      expect(API.getRedoStack().length).toBe(4);
+      expect(h.state.selectedLinearElement).toBeNull();

      Keyboard.redo();
      expect(API.getUndoStack().length).toBe(4);
      expect(API.getRedoStack().length).toBe(0);
-      expect(h.state.selectedLinearElement).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(h.state.selectedLinearElement).toBeNull();
      expect(h.state.selectedLinearElement?.isEditing ?? false).toBe(false);
    });

@@ -4056,7 +4055,7 @@ describe("history", () => {
            expect.objectContaining({
              id: container.id,
              boundElements: [{ id: remoteText.id, type: "text" }],
-              isDeleted: false, // isDeleted got remotely updated to false
+              isDeleted: true,
            }),
            expect.objectContaining({
              id: text.id,
@@ -4066,7 +4065,7 @@ describe("history", () => {
            expect.objectContaining({
              id: remoteText.id,
              // unbound
-              containerId: container.id,
+              containerId: null,
              isDeleted: false,
            }),
          ]);
@@ -248,8 +248,10 @@ export type ObservedElementsAppState = {
  editingGroupId: AppState["editingGroupId"];
  selectedElementIds: AppState["selectedElementIds"];
  selectedGroupIds: AppState["selectedGroupIds"];
-  selectedLinearElementId: LinearElementEditor["elementId"] | null;
-  selectedLinearElementIsEditing: boolean | null;
+  selectedLinearElement: {
+    elementId: LinearElementEditor["elementId"];
+    isEditing: boolean;
+  } | null;
  croppingElementId: AppState["croppingElementId"];
  lockedMultiSelections: AppState["lockedMultiSelections"];
  activeLockedId: AppState["activeLockedId"];
@@ -729,6 +731,8 @@ export type AppClassProperties = {

  onPointerUpEmitter: App["onPointerUpEmitter"];
  updateEditorAtom: App["updateEditorAtom"];
+
+  defaultSelectionTool: "selection" | "lasso";
 };

 export type PointerDownState = Readonly<{
@@ -778,6 +782,10 @@ export type PointerDownState = Readonly<{
    // by default same as PointerDownState.origin. On alt-duplication, reset
    // to current pointer position at time of duplication.
    origin: { x: number; y: number };
+    // Whether to block drag after lasso selection
+    // this is meant to be used to block dragging after lasso selection on PCs
+    // until the next pointer down
+    blockDragging: boolean;
  };
  // We need to have these in the state so that we can unsubscribe them
  eventListeners: {
@@ -799,6 +807,7 @@ export type UnsubscribeCallback = () => void;

 export interface ExcalidrawImperativeAPI {
  updateScene: InstanceType<typeof App>["updateScene"];
+  applyDeltas: InstanceType<typeof App>["applyDeltas"];
  mutateElement: InstanceType<typeof App>["mutateElement"];
  updateLibrary: InstanceType<typeof Library>["updateLibrary"];
  resetScene: InstanceType<typeof App>["resetScene"];
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ describe("textWysiwyg", () => {
        rectangle.x + rectangle.width / 2,
        rectangle.y + rectangle.height / 2,
      );
-      expect(h.elements.length).toBe(2);
+      expect(h.elements.length).toBe(3);

      text = h.elements[1] as ExcalidrawTextElementWithContainer;
      expect(text.type).toBe("text");
@@ -1198,7 +1198,11 @@ describe("textWysiwyg", () => {
      updateTextEditor(editor, "   ");
      Keyboard.exitTextEditor(editor);
      expect(rectangle.boundElements).toStrictEqual([]);
-      expect(h.elements[1]).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(h.elements[1]).toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          isDeleted: true,
+        }),
+      );
    });

    it("should restore original container height and clear cache once text is unbind", async () => {
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ export const exportToCanvas = ({
    { elements, appState },
    null,
    null,
+    { deleteInvisibleElements: true },
  );
  const { exportBackground, viewBackgroundColor } = restoredAppState;
  return _exportToCanvas(
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@ export const exportToSvg = async ({
    { elements, appState },
    null,
    null,
+    { deleteInvisibleElements: true },
  );

  const exportAppState = {
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import { defineConfig, devices } from "@playwright/test";
+
+/**
+ * Read environment variables from file.
+ * https://github.com/motdotla/dotenv
+ */
+// import dotenv from 'dotenv';
+// import path from 'path';
+// dotenv.config({ path: path.resolve(__dirname, '.env') });
+
+/**
+ * See https://playwright.dev/docs/test-configuration.
+ */
+export default defineConfig({
+  testDir: "./excalidraw-app/tests/regression",
+  snapshotPathTemplate:
+    "{snapshotDir}/{testFileDir}/{testFileName}-snapshots/{arg}{ext}",
+  /* Run tests in files in parallel */
+  fullyParallel: true,
+  /* Fail the build on CI if you accidentally left test.only in the source code. */
+  forbidOnly: !!process.env.CI,
+  /* Retry on CI only */
+  retries: process.env.CI ? 2 : 1,
+  /* Opt out of parallel tests on CI. */
+  workers: process.env.CI ? 1 : undefined,
+  /* Reporter to use. See https://playwright.dev/docs/test-reporters */
+  reporter: "html",
+  /* Shared settings for all the projects below. See https://playwright.dev/docs/api/class-testoptions. */
+  use: {
+    actionTimeout: 0,
+    /* Base URL to use in actions like `await page.goto('/')`. */
+    baseURL: "http://localhost:3000",
+
+    /* Collect trace when retrying the failed test. See https://playwright.dev/docs/trace-viewer */
+    trace: "on-first-retry",
+    headless: true,
+  },
+  timeout: 1200000,
+
+  /* Configure projects for major browsers */
+  projects: [
+    {
+      name: "chromium",
+      use: {
+        ...devices["Desktop Chrome"],
+        launchOptions: {
+          args: ["--disable-font-subpixel-positioning", "--disable-gpu"],
+        },
+      },
+    },
+
+    // {
+    //   name: "firefox",
+    //   use: { ...devices["Desktop Firefox"] },
+    // },
+
+    // {
+    //   name: "webkit",
+    //   use: { ...devices["Desktop Safari"] },
+    // },
+
+    /* Test against mobile viewports. */
+    // {
+    //   name: 'Mobile Chrome',
+    //   use: { ...devices['Pixel 5'] },
+    // },
+    // {
+    //   name: 'Mobile Safari',
+    //   use: { ...devices['iPhone 12'] },
+    // },
+
+    /* Test against branded browsers. */
+    // {
+    //   name: 'Microsoft Edge',
+    //   use: { ...devices['Desktop Edge'], channel: 'msedge' },
+    // },
+    // {
+    //   name: 'Google Chrome',
+    //   use: { ...devices['Desktop Chrome'], channel: 'chrome' },
+    // },
+  ],
+
+  /* Run your local dev server before starting the tests */
+  webServer: {
+    command: "yarn start --no-open",
+    url: "http://localhost:3000",
+    reuseExistingServer: !process.env.CI,
+  },
+});
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ const askToCommit = (tag, nextVersion) => {
    });

    rl.question(
-      "Do you want to commit these changes to git? (Y/n): ",
+      "Would you like to commit these changes to git? (Y/n): ",
      (answer) => {
        rl.close();

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ const askToPublish = (tag, version) => {
    });

    rl.question(
-      "Do you want to publish these changes to npm? (Y/n): ",
+      "Would you like to publish these changes to npm? (Y/n): ",
      (answer) => {
        rl.close();

@@ -2162,6 +2162,13 @@
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@pkgjs/parseargs/-/parseargs-0.11.0.tgz#a77ea742fab25775145434eb1d2328cf5013ac33"
  integrity sha512-+1VkjdD0QBLPodGrJUeqarH8VAIvQODIbwh9XpP5Syisf7YoQgsJKPNFoqqLQlu+VQ/tVSshMR6loPMn8U+dPg==

+"@playwright/test@1.55.0":
+  version "1.55.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@playwright/test/-/test-1.55.0.tgz#080fa6d9ee6d749ff523b1c18259572d0268b963"
+  integrity sha512-04IXzPwHrW69XusN/SIdDdKZBzMfOT9UNT/YiJit/xpy2VuAoB8NHc8Aplb96zsWDddLnbkPL3TsmrS04ZU2xQ==
+  dependencies:
+    playwright "1.55.0"
+
 "@polka/url@^1.0.0-next.24":
  version "1.0.0-next.28"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@polka/url/-/url-1.0.0-next.28.tgz#d45e01c4a56f143ee69c54dd6b12eade9e270a73"
@@ -2945,6 +2952,13 @@
  dependencies:
    undici-types "~6.20.0"

+"@types/node@24.3.0":
+  version "24.3.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/node/-/node-24.3.0.tgz#89b09f45cb9a8ee69466f18ee5864e4c3eb84dec"
+  integrity sha512-aPTXCrfwnDLj4VvXrm+UUCQjNEvJgNA8s5F1cvwQU+3KNltTOkBm1j30uNLyqqPNe7gE3KFzImYoZEfLhp4Yow==
+  dependencies:
+    undici-types "~7.10.0"
+
 "@types/node@>=12.12.47", "@types/node@>=13.7.0":
  version "22.13.8"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/node/-/node-22.13.8.tgz#57e2450295b33a6518d6fd4f65f47236d3e41d8d"
@@ -5826,6 +5840,11 @@ fs.realpath@^1.0.0:
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/fs.realpath/-/fs.realpath-1.0.0.tgz#1504ad2523158caa40db4a2787cb01411994ea4f"
  integrity sha512-OO0pH2lK6a0hZnAdau5ItzHPI6pUlvI7jMVnxUQRtw4owF2wk8lOSabtGDCTP4Ggrg2MbGnWO9X8K1t4+fGMDw==

+fsevents@2.3.2:
+  version "2.3.2"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/fsevents/-/fsevents-2.3.2.tgz#8a526f78b8fdf4623b709e0b975c52c24c02fd1a"
+  integrity sha512-xiqMQR4xAeHTuB9uWm+fFRcIOgKBMiOBP+eXiyT7jsgVCq1bkVygt00oASowB7EdtpOHaaPgKt812P9ab+DDKA==
+
 fsevents@~2.3.2, fsevents@~2.3.3:
  version "2.3.3"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/fsevents/-/fsevents-2.3.3.tgz#cac6407785d03675a2a5e1a5305c697b347d90d6"
@@ -7838,6 +7857,20 @@ pkg-dir@4.2.0:
  dependencies:
    find-up "^4.0.0"

+playwright-core@1.55.0:
+  version "1.55.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/playwright-core/-/playwright-core-1.55.0.tgz#ec8a9f8ef118afb3e86e0f46f1393e3bea32adf4"
+  integrity sha512-GvZs4vU3U5ro2nZpeiwyb0zuFaqb9sUiAJuyrWpcGouD8y9/HLgGbNRjIph7zU9D3hnPaisMl9zG9CgFi/biIg==
+
+playwright@1.55.0:
+  version "1.55.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/playwright/-/playwright-1.55.0.tgz#7aca7ac3ffd9e083a8ad8b2514d6f9ba401cc78b"
+  integrity sha512-sdCWStblvV1YU909Xqx0DhOjPZE4/5lJsIS84IfN9dAZfcl/CIZ5O8l3o0j7hPMjDvqoTF8ZUcc+i/GL5erstA==
+  dependencies:
+    playwright-core "1.55.0"
+  optionalDependencies:
+    fsevents "2.3.2"
+
 png-chunk-text@1.0.0:
  version "1.0.0"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/png-chunk-text/-/png-chunk-text-1.0.0.tgz#1c6006d8e34ba471d38e1c9c54b3f53e1085e18f"
@@ -9328,6 +9361,11 @@ undici-types@~6.20.0:
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/undici-types/-/undici-types-6.20.0.tgz#8171bf22c1f588d1554d55bf204bc624af388433"
  integrity sha512-Ny6QZ2Nju20vw1SRHe3d9jVu6gJ+4e3+MMpqu7pqE5HT6WsTSlce++GQmK5UXS8mzV8DSYHrQH+Xrf2jVcuKNg==

+undici-types@~7.10.0:
+  version "7.10.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/undici-types/-/undici-types-7.10.0.tgz#4ac2e058ce56b462b056e629cc6a02393d3ff350"
+  integrity sha512-t5Fy/nfn+14LuOc2KNYg75vZqClpAiqscVvMygNnlsHBFpSXdJaYtXMcdNLpl/Qvc3P2cB3s6lOV51nqsFq4ag==
+
 unicode-canonical-property-names-ecmascript@^2.0.0:
  version "2.0.1"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/unicode-canonical-property-names-ecmascript/-/unicode-canonical-property-names-ecmascript-2.0.1.tgz#cb3173fe47ca743e228216e4a3ddc4c84d628cc2"
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Mark Tolmacs	2ed78d4895	fix: Improve rendering stability	2025-09-05 12:58:22 +02:00
Mark Tolmacs	5ba2798306	Iterating on arrows	2025-08-26 14:55:40 +02:00
Mark Tolmacs	b8aae34e32	Fixes and handling	2025-08-25 14:46:07 +02:00
Mark Tolmacs	6317ac16ee	Working screenshot diff	2025-08-25 11:20:38 +02:00
Mark Tolmacs	9ad75b8375	Direct function generation	2025-08-25 10:42:47 +02:00
Mark Tolmacs	4c9ad1a22f	Implementation of one test	2025-08-20 17:53:20 +02:00
Mark Tolmacs	023895b49b	Can generate and play back	2025-08-20 15:17:49 +02:00
Mark Tolmacs	eb37be953a	Install playwright	2025-08-20 15:17:35 +02:00
Ryan Di	b4903a7eab	feat: drag, resize, and rotate after selecting in lasso (#9732 ) * feat: drag, resize, and rotate after selecting in lasso * alternative ux: drag with lasso right away * fix: lasso dragging should snap too * fix: alt+cmd getting stuck * test: snapshots * alternatvie: keep lasso drag to only mobile * alternative: drag after selection on PCs * improve mobile dection * add mobile lasso icon * add default selection tool * render according to default selection tool * return to default selection tool after deletion * reset to default tool after clearing out the canvas * return to default tool after eraser toggle * if default lasso, close lasso toggle * finalize to default selection tool * toggle between laser and default selection * return to default selection tool after creation * double click to add text when using default selection tool * set to default selection tool after unlocking tool * paste to center on touch screen * switch to default selection tool after pasting * lint * fix tests * show welcome screen when using default selection tool * fix tests * fix snapshots * fix context menu not opening * prevent potential displacement issue * prevent element jumping during lasso selection * fix dragging on mobile * use same selection icon * fix alt+cmd lasso getting cut off * fix: shortcut handling * lint --------- Co-authored-by: dwelle <5153846+dwelle@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-08-20 00:03:02 +02:00
zsviczian	c6f8ef9ad2	fix: Scene deleted after pica image resize failure (#9879 ) Revert change in private updateImageCache	2025-08-18 11:45:05 +02:00
Marcel Mraz	2535d73054	feat: apply deltas API (#9869 )	2025-08-15 15:25:56 +02:00
David Luzar	dda3affcb0	fix: do not strip invisible elements from array (#9844 )	2025-08-12 11:56:11 +02:00
Marcel Mraz	54c148f390	fix: text restore & deletion issues (#9853 )	2025-08-12 09:27:04 +02:00
zsviczian	cc8e490c75	fix: do not auto-add elements to locked frame (#9851 ) * Do not return locked frames when filtering for top level frame * lint * lint * lint	2025-08-11 11:52:44 +02:00
Marcel Mraz	9036812b6d	fix: editing linear element (#9839 )	2025-08-08 09:30:11 +02:00
Marcel Mraz	df25de7e68	feat: fix delta apply to issues (#9830 )	2025-08-07 15:38:58 +02:00
David Luzar	a3763648fe	chore: update title (#9814 ) * chore: update title * update meta tag * lint	2025-08-01 17:17:42 +02:00