Merge branch 'master' into mtolmacs/feat/freedraw-research-1

Signed-off-by: Mark Tolmacs <mark@lazycat.hu>

.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:24-bullseye
 
 # Vite wants to open the browser using `open`, so we
 # need to install those utils.

.github/workflows/autorelease-excalidraw.yml

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
         with:
           node-version: 20.x
       - name: Set up publish access

.github/workflows/build-docker.yml

@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ jobs:
   build-docker:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
       - run: docker build -t excalidraw .

.github/workflows/cancel.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 3
     steps:
-      - uses: styfle/cancel-workflow-action@0.6.0
+      - uses: styfle/cancel-workflow-action@ce177499ccf9fd2aded3b0426c97e5434c2e8a73 # 0.6.0
         with:
           workflow_id: 400555, 400556, 905313, 1451724, 1710116, 3185001, 3438604
           access_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
         with:
           node-version: 20.x
 

.github/workflows/locales-coverage.yml

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.PUSH_TRANSLATIONS_COVERAGE_PAT }}
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
         with:
           node-version: 20.x
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
           echo ::set-output name=body::$body
 
       - name: Update description with coverage
-        uses: kt3k/update-pr-description@v1.0.1
+        uses: kt3k/update-pr-description@1b35a6dcd84d81aa0bc1889610efdcde7f37b0c0 # v1.0.1
         with:
           pr_body: ${{ steps.getCommentBody.outputs.body }}
           pr_title: "chore: Update translations from Crowdin"

.github/workflows/publish-docker.yml

@@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
       - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        uses: docker/login-action@465a07811f14bebb1938fbed4728c6a1ff8901fc # v2
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@c7c53464625b32c7a7e944ae62b3e17d2b600130 # v3
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8d2750c68a42422c14e847fe6c8ac0403b4cbd6f # v3
       - name: Build and push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@ca052bb54ab0790a636c9b5f226502c73d547a25 # v5
         with:
           context: .
           push: true

.github/workflows/semantic-pr-title.yml

@@ -6,11 +6,97 @@ on:
       - opened
       - edited
       - synchronize
+      - labeled
+      - unlabeled
 
 jobs:
   semantic:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: read
     steps:
-      - uses: amannn/action-semantic-pull-request@v5
+      - uses: amannn/action-semantic-pull-request@e32d7e603df1aa1ba07e981f2a23455dee596825 # v5
+        with:
+          requireScope: true
+          scopes: |
+            app
+            editor
+            packages/excalidraw
+            packages/utils
+            docker
+            repo
+          ignoreLabels: |
+            skip-semantic-title
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+  label-scope:
+    needs: semantic
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Label scoped PR
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+          PR_TITLE: ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
+          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          scope_labels=(s-app s-editor s-package)
+
+          readarray -t desired_labels < <(
+            node <<'NODE'
+          const title = process.env.PR_TITLE;
+          const match = title.match(/^[a-z]+(?:\(([^)]+)\))?!?:/i);
+          const scopes = match?.[1]?.split(",").map((scope) => scope.trim()) ?? [];
+          const labels = new Set();
+
+          for (const scope of scopes) {
+            if (scope === "app") {
+              labels.add("s-app");
+            } else if (scope === "editor") {
+              labels.add("s-editor");
+            } else if (scope.startsWith("packages/")) {
+              labels.add("s-package");
+            }
+          }
+
+          process.stdout.write([...labels].join("\n"));
+          NODE
+          )
+
+          should_apply_label() {
+            local label="$1"
+
+            for desired_label in "${desired_labels[@]}"; do
+              if [[ "$desired_label" == "$label" ]]; then
+                return 0
+              fi
+            done
+
+            return 1
+          }
+
+          for label in "${scope_labels[@]}"; do
+            if ! should_apply_label "$label"; then
+              gh api \
+                --method DELETE \
+                "repos/${REPOSITORY}/issues/${PR_NUMBER}/labels/${label}" \
+                --silent 2>/dev/null || true
+            fi
+          done
+
+          for label in "${desired_labels[@]}"; do
+            if ! gh api \
+              --method POST \
+              "repos/${REPOSITORY}/issues/${PR_NUMBER}/labels" \
+              --field "labels[]=${label}" \
+              --silent; then
+              echo "::warning::Could not apply ${label}. The workflow token likely does not have issues:write permission for this PR."
+            fi
+          done

.github/workflows/sentry-production.yml

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ jobs:
   sentry:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
         with:
           node-version: 20.x
       - name: Install and build

.github/workflows/size-limit.yml

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ jobs:
       CI_JOB_NUMBER: 1
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
         with:
           node-version: 20.x
       - name: Install in packages/excalidraw
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: packages/excalidraw
         env:
           CI: true
-      - uses: andresz1/size-limit-action@v1
+      - uses: andresz1/size-limit-action@e7493a72a44b113341c0cf6186ab49c17c4b65c1 # v1
         with:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           build_script: build:esm

.github/workflows/test-coverage-pr.yml

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
       - name: "Install Node"
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
         with:
           node-version: "20.x"
       - name: "Install Deps"
@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@ jobs:
         run: yarn test:coverage
       - name: "Report Coverage"
         if: always() # Also generate the report if tests are failing
-        uses: davelosert/vitest-coverage-report-action@v2
+        uses: davelosert/vitest-coverage-report-action@2500dafcee7dd64f85ab689c0b83798a8359770e # v2
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
         with:
           node-version: 20.x
       - name: Install and test

Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} node:18 AS build
+FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} node:24@sha256:8530f76a96d88820d288761f022e318970dda93d01536919fbc16076b7983e63 AS build
 
 WORKDIR /opt/node_app
 
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ COPY . .
 # do not ignore optional dependencies:
 # Error: Cannot find module @rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/yarn \
-    npm_config_target_arch=${TARGETARCH} yarn --network-timeout 600000
+    npm_config_target_arch=${TARGETARCH} yarn --frozen-lockfile --network-timeout 600000
 
 ARG NODE_ENV=production
 
 RUN npm_config_target_arch=${TARGETARCH} yarn build:app:docker
 
-FROM --platform=${TARGETPLATFORM} nginx:1.27-alpine
+FROM nginx:stable-alpine-slim@sha256:2c605dbeab79a6b2a63340474fe58119d0ef95bdc4b1f41df0aa689659b3d13b
 
 COPY --from=build /opt/node_app/excalidraw-app/build /usr/share/nginx/html
 

README.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <a href="https://docs.excalidraw.com/docs/introduction/contributing">
     <img alt="PRs welcome!" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/PRs-welcome-brightgreen.svg?style=flat"  /></a>
   <a href="https://discord.gg/UexuTaE">
-    <img alt="Chat on Discord" src="https://img.shields.io/discord/723672430744174682?color=738ad6&label=Chat%20on%20Discord&logo=discord&logoColor=ffffff&widge=false"/></a>
+    <img alt="Chat on Discord" src="https://img.shields.io/discord/723672430744174682?color=738ad6&label=Chat%20on%20Discord&logo=discord&logoColor=ffffff&widget=false"/></a>
   <a href="https://deepwiki.com/excalidraw/excalidraw">
     <img alt="Ask DeepWiki" src="https://deepwiki.com/badge.svg" /></a>
   <a href="https://twitter.com/excalidraw">

dev-docs/docusaurus.config.js

@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ const config = {
                 href: "https://discord.gg/UexuTaE",
               },
               {
-                label: "Twitter",
-                href: "https://twitter.com/excalidraw",
+                label: "𝕏",
+                href: "https://x.com/excalidraw",
               },
               {
                 label: "Linkedin",

excalidraw-app/App.tsx

@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ import { useHandleAppTheme } from "./useHandleAppTheme";
 import { getPreferredLanguage } from "./app-language/language-detector";
 import { useAppLangCode } from "./app-language/language-state";
 import DebugCanvas, {
+  ConsoleLogger,
   debugRenderer,
   isVisualDebuggerEnabled,
   loadSavedDebugState,
@@ -1261,6 +1262,7 @@ const ExcalidrawWrapper = () => {
             ref={debugCanvasRef}
           />
         )}
+        {isVisualDebuggerEnabled() && <ConsoleLogger />}
       </Excalidraw>
     </div>
   );

excalidraw-app/app_constants.ts

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ export const STORAGE_KEYS = {
   LOCAL_STORAGE_COLLAB: "excalidraw-collab",
   LOCAL_STORAGE_THEME: "excalidraw-theme",
   LOCAL_STORAGE_DEBUG: "excalidraw-debug",
+  LOCAL_STORAGE_DEBUG_CONSOLE: "excalidraw-debug-console",
   VERSION_DATA_STATE: "version-dataState",
   VERSION_FILES: "version-files",
 

excalidraw-app/collab/Collab.tsx

@@ -355,6 +355,8 @@ class Collab extends PureComponent<CollabProps, CollabState> {
   };
 
   stopCollaboration = (keepRemoteState = true) => {
+    this.broadcastElements.flush();
+    this.broadcastElements.cancel();
     this.queueBroadcastAllElements.cancel();
     this.queueSaveToFirebase.cancel();
     this.loadImageFiles.cancel();
@@ -941,7 +943,9 @@ class Collab extends PureComponent<CollabProps, CollabState> {
     this.portal.broadcastIdleChange(userState);
   };
 
-  broadcastElements = (elements: readonly OrderedExcalidrawElement[]) => {
+  private _broadcastElements = (
+    elements: readonly OrderedExcalidrawElement[],
+  ) => {
     if (
       getSceneVersion(elements) >
       this.getLastBroadcastedOrReceivedSceneVersion()
@@ -952,6 +956,13 @@ class Collab extends PureComponent<CollabProps, CollabState> {
     }
   };
 
+  broadcastElements = throttle(
+    (elements: readonly OrderedExcalidrawElement[]) =>
+      this._broadcastElements(elements),
+    10,
+    { leading: true, trailing: true },
+  );
+
   syncElements = (elements: readonly OrderedExcalidrawElement[]) => {
     this.broadcastElements(elements);
     this.queueSaveToFirebase();

excalidraw-app/components/AppMainMenu.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import {
   eyeIcon,
 } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/components/icons";
 import { MainMenu } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/index";
-import React from "react";
+import DropdownMenuItemCheckbox from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/components/dropdownMenu/DropdownMenuItemCheckbox";
+import React, { useState } from "react";
 
 import { isDevEnv } from "@excalidraw/common";
 
@@ -13,7 +14,29 @@ import type { Theme } from "@excalidraw/element/types";
 import { LanguageList } from "../app-language/LanguageList";
 import { isExcalidrawPlusSignedUser } from "../app_constants";
 
-import { saveDebugState } from "./DebugCanvas";
+import {
+  isVisualDebuggerEnabled,
+  loadConsoleLoggerState,
+  saveDebugState,
+  setConsoleLoggerEnabled,
+} from "./DebugCanvas";
+
+const ConsoleLoggerToggle = () => {
+  const [checked, setChecked] = useState(() => loadConsoleLoggerState());
+  return (
+    <DropdownMenuItemCheckbox
+      checked={checked}
+      onSelect={(event) => {
+        const next = !checked;
+        setChecked(next);
+        setConsoleLoggerEnabled(next);
+        event.preventDefault();
+      }}
+    >
+      Show console log overlay
+    </DropdownMenuItemCheckbox>
+  );
+};
 
 export const AppMainMenu: React.FC<{
   onCollabDialogOpen: () => any;
@@ -77,7 +100,13 @@ export const AppMainMenu: React.FC<{
         </MainMenu.Item>
       )}
       <MainMenu.Separator />
-      <MainMenu.DefaultItems.Preferences />
+      <MainMenu.DefaultItems.Preferences
+        additionalItems={
+          isDevEnv() && isVisualDebuggerEnabled() ? (
+            <ConsoleLoggerToggle />
+          ) : null
+        }
+      />
       <MainMenu.DefaultItems.ToggleTheme
         allowSystemTheme
         theme={props.theme}

excalidraw-app/components/DebugCanvas.tsx

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {
 } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/renderer/helpers";
 import { type AppState } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/types";
 import { arrayToMap, throttleRAF } from "@excalidraw/common";
-import { useCallback } from "react";
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 
 import {
   getGlobalFixedPointForBindableElement,
@@ -435,6 +435,34 @@ export const loadSavedDebugState = () => {
 export const isVisualDebuggerEnabled = () =>
   Array.isArray(window.visualDebug?.data);
 
+export const loadConsoleLoggerState = (): boolean => {
+  try {
+    const raw = localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEYS.LOCAL_STORAGE_DEBUG_CONSOLE);
+    if (raw !== null) {
+      return JSON.parse(raw) === true;
+    }
+  } catch {}
+  return false;
+};
+
+export const saveConsoleLoggerState = (enabled: boolean) => {
+  try {
+    localStorage.setItem(
+      STORAGE_KEYS.LOCAL_STORAGE_DEBUG_CONSOLE,
+      JSON.stringify(enabled),
+    );
+  } catch {}
+};
+
+const CONSOLE_LOGGER_TOGGLE_EVENT = "excalidraw-debug-console-toggle";
+
+export const setConsoleLoggerEnabled = (enabled: boolean) => {
+  saveConsoleLoggerState(enabled);
+  window.dispatchEvent(
+    new CustomEvent<boolean>(CONSOLE_LOGGER_TOGGLE_EVENT, { detail: enabled }),
+  );
+};
+
 export const DebugFooter = ({ onChange }: { onChange: () => void }) => {
   const moveForward = useCallback(() => {
     if (
@@ -459,6 +487,7 @@ export const DebugFooter = ({ onChange }: { onChange: () => void }) => {
   }, [onChange]);
   const reset = useCallback(() => {
     window.visualDebug!.currentFrame = undefined;
+    _clearLogsCallback?.();
     onChange();
   }, [onChange]);
   const trashFrames = useCallback(() => {
@@ -466,6 +495,7 @@ export const DebugFooter = ({ onChange }: { onChange: () => void }) => {
       window.visualDebug.currentFrame = undefined;
       window.visualDebug.data = [];
     }
+    _clearLogsCallback?.();
     onChange();
   }, [onChange]);
 
@@ -563,4 +593,181 @@ const DebugCanvas = React.forwardRef<HTMLCanvasElement, DebugCanvasProps>(
   },
 );
 
+type LogLevel = "log" | "info" | "warn" | "error";
+
+interface LogEntry {
+  id: number;
+  level: LogLevel;
+  message: string;
+  timestamp: number;
+}
+
+const LOG_COLORS: Record<LogLevel, string> = {
+  log: "rgba(220,220,220,0.9)",
+  info: "rgba(100,180,255,0.9)",
+  warn: "rgba(255,200,60,0.9)",
+  error: "rgba(255,90,90,0.9)",
+};
+
+const MAX_LOGS = 500;
+let logIdCounter = 0;
+let _clearLogsCallback: (() => void) | null = null;
+
+export const ConsoleLogger = () => {
+  const [enabled, setEnabled] = useState(() => loadConsoleLoggerState());
+  const [logs, setLogs] = useState<LogEntry[]>([]);
+  const logsRef = useRef<LogEntry[]>([]);
+  const scrollRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const dragState = useRef<{ startY: number; startScrollTop: number } | null>(
+    null,
+  );
+  const isDragging = useRef(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handler = (e: Event) => {
+      setEnabled((e as CustomEvent<boolean>).detail);
+    };
+    window.addEventListener(CONSOLE_LOGGER_TOGGLE_EVENT, handler);
+    return () => {
+      window.removeEventListener(CONSOLE_LOGGER_TOGGLE_EVENT, handler);
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    _clearLogsCallback = () => {
+      logsRef.current = [];
+      setLogs([]);
+    };
+    return () => {
+      _clearLogsCallback = null;
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const originals: Record<LogLevel, (...args: unknown[]) => void> = {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+      log: console.log.bind(console),
+      info: console.info.bind(console),
+      warn: console.warn.bind(console),
+      error: console.error.bind(console),
+    };
+
+    const patch = (level: LogLevel) => {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+      console[level] = (...args: unknown[]) => {
+        originals[level](...args);
+        const message = args
+          .map((a) =>
+            typeof a === "object" ? JSON.stringify(a, null, 0) : String(a),
+          )
+          .join(" ");
+        const entry: LogEntry = {
+          id: ++logIdCounter,
+          level,
+          message,
+          timestamp: Date.now(),
+        };
+        logsRef.current = [...logsRef.current, entry].slice(-MAX_LOGS);
+        setLogs([...logsRef.current]);
+        if (!isDragging.current && scrollRef.current) {
+          scrollRef.current.scrollTop = scrollRef.current.scrollHeight;
+        }
+      };
+    };
+
+    (["log", "info", "warn", "error"] as LogLevel[]).forEach(patch);
+
+    return () => {
+      (["log", "info", "warn", "error"] as LogLevel[]).forEach((level) => {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+        console[level] = originals[level];
+      });
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  const onPointerDown = useCallback((e: React.PointerEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
+    if (!scrollRef.current) {
+      return;
+    }
+    dragState.current = {
+      startY: e.clientY,
+      startScrollTop: scrollRef.current.scrollTop,
+    };
+    scrollRef.current.setPointerCapture(e.pointerId);
+    isDragging.current = true;
+    e.preventDefault();
+  }, []);
+
+  const onPointerMove = useCallback((e: React.PointerEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
+    if (!dragState.current || !scrollRef.current) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const delta = dragState.current.startY - e.clientY;
+    scrollRef.current.scrollTop = dragState.current.startScrollTop + delta;
+    e.preventDefault();
+  }, []);
+
+  const onPointerUp = useCallback(() => {
+    dragState.current = null;
+    isDragging.current = false;
+  }, []);
+
+  if (!enabled || logs.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      ref={scrollRef}
+      onPointerDown={onPointerDown}
+      onPointerMove={onPointerMove}
+      onPointerUp={onPointerUp}
+      onPointerCancel={onPointerUp}
+      style={{
+        position: "fixed",
+        top: 8,
+        right: 8,
+        zIndex: 9999,
+        maxWidth: 420,
+        maxHeight: "60vh",
+        overflowY: "auto",
+        display: "flex",
+        flexDirection: "column",
+        gap: 2,
+        pointerEvents: "all",
+        cursor: "grab",
+        userSelect: "none",
+        scrollbarWidth: "none",
+      }}
+    >
+      {logs.map((entry) => (
+        <div
+          key={entry.id}
+          style={{
+            background: "rgba(18,18,20,0.55)",
+            backdropFilter: "blur(8px) saturate(1.4)",
+            WebkitBackdropFilter: "blur(8px) saturate(1.4)",
+            borderLeft: `3px solid ${LOG_COLORS[entry.level]}`,
+            borderRadius: 4,
+            padding: "2px 8px",
+            fontFamily: "monospace",
+            fontSize: 11,
+            lineHeight: 1.5,
+            color: LOG_COLORS[entry.level],
+            wordBreak: "break-all",
+            whiteSpace: "pre-wrap",
+            opacity: 0.95,
+            boxShadow: "0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.35)",
+          }}
+        >
+          <span style={{ opacity: 0.5, marginRight: 6 }}>
+            {entry.level.toUpperCase()}
+          </span>
+          {entry.message}
+        </div>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
 export default DebugCanvas;

excalidraw-app/data/LocalData.ts

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import {
   get,
 } from "idb-keyval";
 
-import { appJotaiStore, atom } from "excalidraw-app/app-jotai";
 import { getNonDeletedElements } from "@excalidraw/element";
 
 import type { LibraryPersistedData } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/data/library";
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ import type {
 } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/types";
 import type { MaybePromise } from "@excalidraw/common/utility-types";
 
+import { appJotaiStore, atom } from "../app-jotai";
 import { SAVE_TO_LOCAL_STORAGE_TIMEOUT, STORAGE_KEYS } from "../app_constants";
 
 import { FileManager } from "./FileManager";

excalidraw-app/vite.config.mts

@@ -75,6 +75,13 @@ export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {
           find: /^@excalidraw\/utils\/(.*?)/,
           replacement: path.resolve(__dirname, "../packages/utils/src/$1"),
         },
+        {
+          find: /^@excalidraw\/fractional-indexing$/,
+          replacement: path.resolve(
+            __dirname,
+            "../packages/fractional-indexing/src/index.ts",
+          ),
+        },
       ],
     },
     build: {

package.json

@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
     "build:element": "yarn --cwd ./packages/element build:esm",
     "build:excalidraw": "yarn --cwd ./packages/excalidraw build:esm",
     "build:math": "yarn --cwd ./packages/math build:esm",
-    "build:packages": "yarn build:common && yarn build:math && yarn build:element && yarn build:excalidraw",
+    "build:fractional-indexing": "yarn --cwd ./packages/fractional-indexing build:esm",
+    "build:packages": "yarn build:common && yarn build:fractional-indexing && yarn build:math && yarn build:element && yarn build:excalidraw",
     "build:version": "yarn --cwd ./excalidraw-app build:version",
     "build": "yarn --cwd ./excalidraw-app build",
     "build:preview": "yarn --cwd ./excalidraw-app build:preview",

packages/common/src/colors.ts

@@ -80,7 +80,11 @@ const cssInvert = (
   return { r: invertedR, g: invertedG, b: invertedB };
 };
 
-export const applyDarkModeFilter = (color: string): string => {
+export const applyDarkModeFilter = (color: string, enable = true): string => {
+  if (!enable) {
+    return color;
+  }
+
   const cached = DARK_MODE_COLORS_CACHE?.get(color);
   if (cached) {
     return cached;

packages/common/src/constants.ts

@@ -337,9 +337,10 @@ export const MAX_DECIMALS_FOR_SVG_EXPORT = 2;
 export const EXPORT_SCALES = [1, 2, 3];
 export const DEFAULT_EXPORT_PADDING = 10; // px
 
-export const DEFAULT_MAX_IMAGE_WIDTH_OR_HEIGHT = 1440;
-
-export const MAX_ALLOWED_FILE_BYTES = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+export const DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS: AppProps["imageOptions"] = {
+  maxWidthOrHeight: 1440,
+  maxFileSizeBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
+};
 
 export const SVG_NS = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg";
 export const SVG_DOCUMENT_PREAMBLE = `<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>

packages/element/package.json

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@excalidraw/common": "0.18.0",
-    "@excalidraw/math": "0.18.0"
+    "@excalidraw/math": "0.18.0",
+    "@excalidraw/fractional-indexing": "3.3.0"
   }
 }

packages/element/src/Scene.ts

@@ -338,29 +338,20 @@ export class Scene {
     this.callbacks.clear();
   }
 
-  insertElementAtIndex(element: ExcalidrawElement, index: number) {
-    if (!Number.isFinite(index) || index < 0) {
-      throw new Error(
-        "insertElementAtIndex can only be called with index >= 0",
-      );
-    }
-
-    const nextElements = [
-      ...this.elements.slice(0, index),
-      element,
-      ...this.elements.slice(index),
-    ];
-
-    syncMovedIndices(nextElements, arrayToMap([element]));
-
-    this.replaceAllElements(nextElements);
-  }
-
-  insertElementsAtIndex(elements: ExcalidrawElement[], index: number) {
+  /** low-level - generally use app.insertNewElements() */
+  insertElementsAtIndex(
+    elements: ExcalidrawElement[],
+    /** null indicates end of the array */
+    index: number | null,
+  ) {
     if (!elements.length) {
       return;
     }
 
+    if (index === null) {
+      index = this.elements.length;
+    }
+
     if (!Number.isFinite(index) || index < 0) {
       throw new Error(
         "insertElementAtIndex can only be called with index >= 0",
@@ -378,24 +369,9 @@ export class Scene {
     this.replaceAllElements(nextElements);
   }
 
+  /** low-level - generally use app.insertNewElement() */
   insertElement = (element: ExcalidrawElement) => {
-    const index = element.frameId
-      ? this.getElementIndex(element.frameId)
-      : this.elements.length;
-
-    this.insertElementAtIndex(element, index);
-  };
-
-  insertElements = (elements: ExcalidrawElement[]) => {
-    if (!elements.length) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const index = elements[0]?.frameId
-      ? this.getElementIndex(elements[0].frameId)
-      : this.elements.length;
-
-    this.insertElementsAtIndex(elements, index);
+    this.insertElementsAtIndex([element], null);
   };
 
   getElementIndex(elementId: string) {

packages/element/src/binding.ts

@@ -734,12 +734,11 @@ const getBindingStrategyForDraggingBindingElementEndpoints_simple = (
     });
 
   // Handle outside-outside binding to the same element
-  if (otherBinding && otherBinding.elementId === hit?.id) {
-    invariant(
-      !opts?.newArrow || appState.selectedLinearElement?.initialState.origin,
-      "appState.selectedLinearElement.initialState.origin must be defined for new arrows",
-    );
-
+  if (
+    otherBinding &&
+    otherBinding.elementId === hit?.id &&
+    (!opts?.newArrow || appState.selectedLinearElement?.initialState.origin)
+  ) {
     return {
       start: {
         mode: "inside",
@@ -1943,9 +1942,9 @@ export const calculateFixedPointForElbowArrowBinding = (
   return {
     fixedPoint: normalizeFixedPoint([
       (nonRotatedSnappedGlobalPoint[0] - hoveredElement.x) /
-        hoveredElement.width,
+        Math.max(hoveredElement.width, PRECISION),
       (nonRotatedSnappedGlobalPoint[1] - hoveredElement.y) /
-        hoveredElement.height,
+        Math.max(hoveredElement.height, PRECISION),
     ]),
   };
 };
@@ -1976,9 +1975,11 @@ export const calculateFixedPointForNonElbowArrowBinding = (
 
   // Calculate the ratio relative to the element's bounds
   const fixedPointX =
-    (nonRotatedPoint[0] - hoveredElement.x) / hoveredElement.width;
+    (nonRotatedPoint[0] - hoveredElement.x) /
+    Math.max(hoveredElement.width, PRECISION);
   const fixedPointY =
-    (nonRotatedPoint[1] - hoveredElement.y) / hoveredElement.height;
+    (nonRotatedPoint[1] - hoveredElement.y) /
+    Math.max(hoveredElement.height, PRECISION);
 
   return {
     fixedPoint: normalizeFixedPoint([fixedPointX, fixedPointY]),

packages/element/src/bounds.ts

@@ -680,8 +680,9 @@ export const getMinMaxXYFromCurvePathOps = (
   return [minX, minY, maxX, maxY];
 };
 
-export const getBoundsFromPoints = (
-  points: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement["points"],
+export const getBoundsFromPoints = <P extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
+  points: readonly P[],
+  padding: number = 0,
 ): Bounds => {
   let minX = Infinity;
   let minY = Infinity;
@@ -695,7 +696,7 @@ export const getBoundsFromPoints = (
     maxY = Math.max(maxY, y);
   }
 
-  return [minX, minY, maxX, maxY];
+  return [minX - padding, minY - padding, maxX + padding, maxY + padding];
 };
 
 const getFreeDrawElementAbsoluteCoords = (
@@ -1261,6 +1262,17 @@ export const pointInsideBounds = <P extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
 ): boolean =>
   p[0] > bounds[0] && p[0] < bounds[2] && p[1] > bounds[1] && p[1] < bounds[3];
 
+// TODO make pointInsideBounds inclusive and remove this function once we
+// test nothing is breaking
+export const pointInsideBoundsInclusive = <P extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
+  p: P,
+  bounds: Bounds,
+): boolean =>
+  p[0] >= bounds[0] &&
+  p[0] <= bounds[2] &&
+  p[1] >= bounds[1] &&
+  p[1] <= bounds[3];
+
 export const doBoundsIntersect = (
   bounds1: Bounds | null,
   bounds2: Bounds | null,
@@ -1275,13 +1287,21 @@ export const doBoundsIntersect = (
   return minX1 < maxX2 && maxX1 > minX2 && minY1 < maxY2 && maxY1 > minY2;
 };
 
+export const boundsContainBounds = (outerBounds: Bounds, innerBounds: Bounds) =>
+  [
+    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(innerBounds[0], innerBounds[1]),
+    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(innerBounds[0], innerBounds[3]),
+    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(innerBounds[2], innerBounds[1]),
+    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(innerBounds[2], innerBounds[3]),
+  ].every((point) => pointInsideBoundsInclusive(point, outerBounds));
+
 export const elementCenterPoint = (
   element: ExcalidrawElement,
   elementsMap: ElementsMap,
   xOffset: number = 0,
   yOffset: number = 0,
 ) => {
-  if (isLinearElement(element)) {
+  if (isLinearElement(element) || isFreeDrawElement(element)) {
     const [x1, y1, x2, y2] = getElementAbsoluteCoords(element, elementsMap);
     const [x, y] = pointFrom<GlobalPoint>((x1 + x2) / 2, (y1 + y2) / 2);
 

packages/element/src/collision.ts

@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ import { distanceToElement } from "./distance";
 
 import { getBindingGap } from "./binding";
 
+import { hasBackground } from "./comparisons";
+
 import type {
   ElementsMap,
   ExcalidrawArrowElement,
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ export const shouldTestInside = (element: ExcalidrawElement) => {
   }
 
   const isDraggableFromInside =
-    !isTransparent(element.backgroundColor) ||
+    (hasBackground(element.type) && !isTransparent(element.backgroundColor)) ||
     hasBoundTextElement(element) ||
     isIframeLikeElement(element) ||
     isTextElement(element);
@@ -154,14 +156,11 @@ export const hitElementItself = ({
 
   // Hit test against the extended, rotated bounding box of the element first
   const bounds = getElementBounds(element, elementsMap, true);
-  const hitBounds = isPointWithinBounds(
-    pointFrom(bounds[0] - threshold, bounds[1] - threshold),
-    pointRotateRads(
-      point,
-      getCenterForBounds(bounds),
-      -element.angle as Radians,
-    ),
-    pointFrom(bounds[2] + threshold, bounds[3] + threshold),
+  const hitBounds = isPointInRotatedBounds(
+    point,
+    bounds,
+    element.angle,
+    threshold,
   );
 
   // PERF: Bail out early if the point is not even in the
@@ -192,18 +191,32 @@ export const hitElementItself = ({
   return result;
 };
 
+const isPointInRotatedBounds = (
+  point: GlobalPoint,
+  bounds: Bounds,
+  angle: Radians,
+  tolerance = 0,
+) => {
+  const adjustedPoint =
+    angle === 0
+      ? point
+      : pointRotateRads(point, getCenterForBounds(bounds), -angle as Radians);
+
+  return isPointWithinBounds(
+    pointFrom(bounds[0] - tolerance, bounds[1] - tolerance),
+    adjustedPoint,
+    pointFrom(bounds[2] + tolerance, bounds[3] + tolerance),
+  );
+};
+
 export const hitElementBoundingBox = (
   point: GlobalPoint,
   element: ExcalidrawElement,
   elementsMap: ElementsMap,
   tolerance = 0,
 ) => {
-  let [x1, y1, x2, y2] = getElementBounds(element, elementsMap);
-  x1 -= tolerance;
-  y1 -= tolerance;
-  x2 += tolerance;
-  y2 += tolerance;
-  return isPointWithinBounds(pointFrom(x1, y1), point, pointFrom(x2, y2));
+  const bounds = getElementBounds(element, elementsMap, true);
+  return isPointInRotatedBounds(point, bounds, element.angle, tolerance);
 };
 
 export const hitElementBoundingBoxOnly = (
@@ -313,7 +326,10 @@ export const getAllHoveredElementAtPoint = (
     ) {
       candidateElements.push(element);
 
-      if (!isTransparent(element.backgroundColor)) {
+      if (
+        hasBackground(element.type) &&
+        !isTransparent(element.backgroundColor)
+      ) {
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -573,7 +589,9 @@ const intersectLinearOrFreeDrawWithLineSegment = (
       continue;
     }
 
-    const hits = curveIntersectLineSegment(c, segment);
+    const hits = curveIntersectLineSegment(c, segment, {
+      iterLimit: 10,
+    });
 
     if (hits.length > 0) {
       intersections.push(...hits);

packages/element/src/duplicate.ts

@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ export const duplicateElements = (
          * user interaction.
          */
         type: "everything";
+        // TODO remove/review this once we add frame children order migration
+        // and invariant checks
+        preserveFrameChildrenOrder?: boolean;
       }
     | {
         /**
@@ -170,6 +173,8 @@ export const duplicateElements = (
     opts.type === "in-place"
       ? opts.idsOfElementsToDuplicate
       : new Map(elements.map((el) => [el.id, el]));
+  const preserveFrameChildrenOrder =
+    opts.type === "everything" && opts.preserveFrameChildrenOrder;
 
   // For sanity
   if (opts.type === "in-place") {
@@ -250,6 +255,9 @@ export const duplicateElements = (
     elementsWithDuplicates.splice(index + 1, 0, ...castArray(elements));
   };
 
+  // main
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
   const frameIdsToDuplicate = new Set(
     elements
       .filter(
@@ -274,7 +282,7 @@ export const duplicateElements = (
     if (groupId) {
       const groupElements = getElementsInGroup(elements, groupId).flatMap(
         (element) =>
-          isFrameLikeElement(element)
+          isFrameLikeElement(element) && !preserveFrameChildrenOrder
             ? [...getFrameChildren(elements, element.id), element]
             : [element],
       );
@@ -290,13 +298,25 @@ export const duplicateElements = (
     // frame duplication
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    if (element.frameId && frameIdsToDuplicate.has(element.frameId)) {
+    if (
+      !preserveFrameChildrenOrder &&
+      element.frameId &&
+      frameIdsToDuplicate.has(element.frameId)
+    ) {
       continue;
     }
 
     if (isFrameLikeElement(element)) {
       const frameId = element.id;
 
+      if (preserveFrameChildrenOrder) {
+        insertBeforeOrAfterIndex(
+          findLastIndex(elementsWithDuplicates, (el) => el.id === frameId),
+          copyElements(element),
+        );
+        continue;
+      }
+
       const frameChildren = getFrameChildren(elements, frameId);
 
       const targetIndex = findLastIndex(elementsWithDuplicates, (el) => {

packages/element/src/elbowArrow.ts

@@ -2124,8 +2124,8 @@ const normalizeArrowElementUpdate = (
     offsetY < -MAX_POS ||
     offsetY > MAX_POS ||
     offsetX + points[points.length - 1][0] < -MAX_POS ||
-    offsetY + points[points.length - 1][0] > MAX_POS ||
-    offsetX + points[points.length - 1][1] < -MAX_POS ||
+    offsetX + points[points.length - 1][0] > MAX_POS ||
+    offsetY + points[points.length - 1][1] < -MAX_POS ||
     offsetY + points[points.length - 1][1] > MAX_POS
   ) {
     console.error(

packages/element/src/fractionalIndex.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-import { generateNKeysBetween } from "fractional-indexing";
-
 import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";
 
+import {
+  validateOrderKey,
+  generateNKeysBetween,
+} from "@excalidraw/fractional-indexing";
+
 import { mutateElement, newElementWith } from "./mutateElement";
 import { getBoundTextElement } from "./textElement";
 import { hasBoundTextElement } from "./typeChecks";
@@ -382,6 +385,13 @@ const isValidFractionalIndex = (
     return false;
   }
 
+  try {
+    // Format validation
+    validateOrderKey(index);
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   if (predecessor && successor) {
     return predecessor < index && index < successor;
   }

packages/element/src/frame.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";
 import { isPointWithinBounds, pointFrom } from "@excalidraw/math";
 import { doLineSegmentsIntersect } from "@excalidraw/utils/bbox";
-import { elementsOverlappingBBox } from "@excalidraw/utils/withinBounds";
 
 import type {
   AppClassProperties,
@@ -18,9 +17,13 @@ import {
   getElementLineSegments,
   getCommonBounds,
   getElementAbsoluteCoords,
+  doBoundsIntersect,
+  getElementBounds,
+  boundsContainBounds,
 } from "./bounds";
 import { mutateElement } from "./mutateElement";
 import { getBoundTextElement, getContainerElement } from "./textElement";
+import { syncMovedIndices } from "./fractionalIndex";
 import {
   isFrameElement,
   isFrameLikeElement,
@@ -100,8 +103,9 @@ export const isElementContainingFrame = (
   frame: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
   elementsMap: ElementsMap,
 ) => {
-  return getElementsWithinSelection([frame], element, elementsMap).some(
-    (e) => e.id === frame.id,
+  return boundsContainBounds(
+    getElementBounds(element, elementsMap),
+    getElementBounds(frame, elementsMap),
   );
 };
 
@@ -488,10 +492,44 @@ export const filterElementsEligibleAsFrameChildren = (
   return eligibleElements;
 };
 
+export const getCommonFrameId = (elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[]) => {
+  let commonFrameId: ExcalidrawElement["frameId"] | undefined;
+
+  for (const element of elements) {
+    if (isFrameLikeElement(element) || !element.frameId) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    if (commonFrameId === undefined) {
+      commonFrameId = element.frameId;
+    } else if (commonFrameId !== element.frameId) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return commonFrameId ?? null;
+};
+
+export const getFrameChildrenInsertionIndex = (
+  elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
+  frameId: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement["id"],
+): number | null => {
+  for (let index = elements.length - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
+    const element = elements[index];
+
+    if (element.id === frameId) {
+      return index;
+    } else if (element.frameId === frameId) {
+      return index + 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+};
+
 /**
- * Retains (or repairs for target frame) the ordering invriant where children
- * elements come right before the parent frame:
- * [el, el, child, child, frame, el]
+ * Adds elements and their bound elements to frame. Reorders added elements to
+ * be just below frame, or just above its highest child (whichever is higher).
  *
  * @returns mutated allElements (same data structure)
  */
@@ -499,19 +537,11 @@ export const addElementsToFrame = <T extends ElementsMapOrArray>(
   allElements: T,
   elementsToAdd: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[],
   frame: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
-  appState: AppState,
 ): T => {
   const elementsMap = arrayToMap(allElements);
-  const currTargetFrameChildrenMap = new Map<ExcalidrawElement["id"], true>();
-  for (const element of allElements.values()) {
-    if (element.frameId === frame.id) {
-      currTargetFrameChildrenMap.set(element.id, true);
-    }
-  }
+  const commonFrameId = getCommonFrameId(elementsToAdd);
 
-  const suppliedElementsToAddSet = new Set(elementsToAdd.map((el) => el.id));
-
-  const finalElementsToAdd: ExcalidrawElement[] = [];
+  const finalElementsToAdd = new Set<ExcalidrawElement>();
 
   const otherFrames = new Set<ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement["id"]>();
 
@@ -522,7 +552,8 @@ export const addElementsToFrame = <T extends ElementsMapOrArray>(
   }
 
   // - add bound text elements if not already in the array
-  // - filter out elements that are already in the frame
+  // - keep elements already in the frame so mixed selections can be reordered
+  //   together
   for (const element of omitGroupsContainingFrameLikes(
     allElements,
     elementsToAdd,
@@ -535,38 +566,68 @@ export const addElementsToFrame = <T extends ElementsMapOrArray>(
       continue;
     }
 
-    // if the element is already in another frame (which is also in elementsToAdd),
-    // it means that frame and children are selected at the same time
-    // => keep original frame membership, do not add to the target frame
-    if (
-      element.frameId &&
-      appState.selectedElementIds[element.id] &&
-      appState.selectedElementIds[element.frameId]
-    ) {
+    if (element.frameId && element.frameId !== frame.id) {
       continue;
     }
 
-    if (!currTargetFrameChildrenMap.has(element.id)) {
-      finalElementsToAdd.push(element);
-    }
+    finalElementsToAdd.add(element);
 
     const boundTextElement = getBoundTextElement(element, elementsMap);
-    if (
-      boundTextElement &&
-      !suppliedElementsToAddSet.has(boundTextElement.id) &&
-      !currTargetFrameChildrenMap.has(boundTextElement.id)
-    ) {
-      finalElementsToAdd.push(boundTextElement);
+    if (boundTextElement && !finalElementsToAdd.has(boundTextElement)) {
+      finalElementsToAdd.add(boundTextElement);
     }
   }
 
   for (const element of finalElementsToAdd) {
-    mutateElement(element, elementsMap, {
-      frameId: frame.id,
-    });
+    // we don't always need to update the element if it's already in the frame,
+    // but we still need to accumulate in finalElementsToAdd so we potentially
+    // reorder them if added together
+    if (element.frameId !== frame.id) {
+      mutateElement(element, elementsMap, {
+        frameId: frame.id,
+      });
+    }
   }
 
-  return allElements;
+  // (re)order elements to be just below the frame,
+  // or just above the highest child if that is higher
+  // (latter case is denormalized order until we migrate)
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  if (
+    !finalElementsToAdd.size ||
+    // if all elements to add already belong to the frame, then we don't want to
+    // reorder (case: we're dragging element children within the frame)
+    commonFrameId === frame.id
+  ) {
+    return allElements;
+  }
+
+  const otherElements = Array.from(allElements.values()).filter(
+    (element) => !finalElementsToAdd.has(element),
+  );
+  const insertionIndex = getFrameChildrenInsertionIndex(
+    otherElements,
+    frame.id,
+  );
+
+  if (insertionIndex === null) {
+    return allElements;
+  }
+
+  const reorderedElements = [
+    ...otherElements.slice(0, insertionIndex),
+    ...finalElementsToAdd,
+    ...otherElements.slice(insertionIndex),
+  ];
+
+  syncMovedIndices(reorderedElements, arrayToMap([...finalElementsToAdd]));
+
+  return (
+    Array.isArray(allElements)
+      ? reorderedElements
+      : new Map(reorderedElements.map((element) => [element.id, element]))
+  ) as T;
 };
 
 export const removeElementsFromFrame = (
@@ -620,13 +681,11 @@ export const replaceAllElementsInFrame = <T extends ExcalidrawElement>(
   allElements: readonly T[],
   nextElementsInFrame: ExcalidrawElement[],
   frame: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
-  app: AppClassProperties,
 ): T[] => {
   return addElementsToFrame(
     removeAllElementsFromFrame(allElements, frame),
     nextElementsInFrame,
     frame,
-    app.state,
   ).slice();
 };
 
@@ -920,16 +979,17 @@ export const getFrameLikeTitle = (element: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement) => {
 export const getElementsOverlappingFrame = (
   elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
   frame: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
+  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
 ) => {
-  return (
-    elementsOverlappingBBox({
-      elements,
-      bounds: frame,
-      type: "overlap",
-    })
-      // removes elements who are overlapping, but are in a different frame,
+  return elements.filter(
+    (el) =>
+      // exclude elements which are overlapping, but are in a different frame,
       // and thus invisible in target frame
-      .filter((el) => !el.frameId || el.frameId === frame.id)
+      (!el.frameId || el.frameId === frame.id) &&
+      doBoundsIntersect(
+        getElementBounds(el, elementsMap),
+        getElementBounds(frame, elementsMap),
+      ),
   );
 };
 

packages/element/src/index.ts

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ export * from "./mutateElement";
 export * from "./newElement";
 export * from "./positionElementsOnGrid";
 export * from "./renderElement";
+export { invalidateFreeDrawIncrementalCanvas } from "./renderFreedraw";
 export * from "./resizeElements";
 export * from "./resizeTest";
 export * from "./Scene";

packages/element/src/linearElementEditor.ts

@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
           selectedPointsIndices,
         )}) points(0..${
           element.points.length - 1
-        }) lastClickedPoint(${lastClickedPoint})`,
+        }) lastClickedPoint(${lastClickedPoint}) isElbowArrow: ${elbowed}`,
       );
 
       // Fall back to the actual last point as a last resort.
@@ -2139,13 +2139,13 @@ const pointDraggingUpdates = (
 } => {
   const naiveDraggingPoints = new Map(
     selectedPointsIndices.map((pointIndex) => {
+      // NOTE: Avoid stale point index issue potentially caused by elbow
+      // arrows unpredictably changing the number of points during dragging
+      const point = element.points[pointIndex] ?? element.points.at(-1);
       return [
         pointIndex,
         {
-          point: pointFrom<LocalPoint>(
-            element.points[pointIndex][0] + deltaX,
-            element.points[pointIndex][1] + deltaY,
-          ),
+          point: pointFrom<LocalPoint>(point[0] + deltaX, point[1] + deltaY),
           isDragging: true,
         },
       ];

packages/element/src/renderElement.ts

@@ -65,8 +65,12 @@ import {
 } from "./typeChecks";
 import { getContainingFrame } from "./frame";
 import { getCornerRadius } from "./utils";
-
 import { ShapeCache } from "./shape";
+import {
+  drawFreeDrawSegments,
+  generateOrUpdateFreeDrawIncrementalCanvas,
+  getFreedrawCanvasPadding,
+} from "./renderFreedraw";
 
 import type {
   ExcalidrawElement,
@@ -92,7 +96,7 @@ const isPendingImageElement = (
 const getCanvasPadding = (element: ExcalidrawElement) => {
   switch (element.type) {
     case "freedraw":
-      return element.strokeWidth * 12;
+      return getFreedrawCanvasPadding(element);
     case "text":
       return element.fontSize / 2;
     case "arrow":
@@ -144,6 +148,15 @@ export interface ExcalidrawElementWithCanvas {
   imageCrop: ExcalidrawImageElement["crop"] | null;
   containingFrameOpacity: number;
   boundTextCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
+  canvasOriginSceneX?: number;
+  canvasOriginSceneY?: number;
+  /**
+   * Tip canvas for incremental freedraw rendering.  Contains only the last
+   * unfinalised segment (whose Catmull-Rom right-hand tangent changes with
+   * each new point) and is cleared + redrawn every frame.  Composited on top
+   * of `canvas` (the committed accumulation canvas) in drawElementFromCanvas.
+   */
+  tipCanvas?: HTMLCanvasElement;
 }
 
 const cappedElementCanvasSize = (
@@ -253,7 +266,7 @@ const generateElementCanvas = (
 
   const rc = rough.canvas(canvas);
 
-  drawElementOnCanvas(element, rc, context, renderConfig);
+  drawElementOnCanvas(element, rc, context, renderConfig, scale);
 
   context.restore();
 
@@ -389,6 +402,7 @@ const drawElementOnCanvas = (
   rc: RoughCanvas,
   context: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
   renderConfig: StaticCanvasRenderConfig,
+  scale = 1,
 ) => {
   switch (element.type) {
     case "rectangle":
@@ -415,23 +429,8 @@ const drawElementOnCanvas = (
       break;
     }
     case "freedraw": {
-      // Draw directly to canvas
       context.save();
-
-      const shapes = ShapeCache.generateElementShape(element, renderConfig);
-
-      for (const shape of shapes) {
-        if (typeof shape === "string") {
-          context.fillStyle =
-            renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK
-              ? applyDarkModeFilter(element.strokeColor)
-              : element.strokeColor;
-          context.fill(new Path2D(shape));
-        } else {
-          rc.draw(shape);
-        }
-      }
-
+      drawFreeDrawSegments(element, context, renderConfig, 0, undefined, scale);
       context.restore();
       break;
     }
@@ -555,10 +554,10 @@ const drawElementOnCanvas = (
         context.canvas.setAttribute("dir", rtl ? "rtl" : "ltr");
         context.save();
         context.font = getFontString(element);
-        context.fillStyle =
-          renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK
-            ? applyDarkModeFilter(element.strokeColor)
-            : element.strokeColor;
+        context.fillStyle = applyDarkModeFilter(
+          element.strokeColor,
+          renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK,
+        );
         context.textAlign = element.textAlign as CanvasTextAlign;
 
         // Canvas does not support multiline text by default
@@ -616,6 +615,24 @@ const generateElementWithCanvas = (
     : {
         value: 1 as NormalizedZoomValue,
       };
+
+  // Incremental rendering path for freedraw elements being actively drawn.
+  // ShapeCache.delete() clears elementWithCanvasCache on every added point, so
+  // we bypass that cache entirely and use freedrawIncrementalCache instead.
+  if (
+    isFreeDrawElement(element) &&
+    "newElement" in appState &&
+    appState.newElement?.id === element.id
+  ) {
+    return generateOrUpdateFreeDrawIncrementalCanvas(
+      element as ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
+      elementsMap,
+      zoom,
+      renderConfig,
+      appState,
+    );
+  }
+
   const prevElementWithCanvas = elementWithCanvasCache.get(element);
   const shouldRegenerateBecauseZoom =
     prevElementWithCanvas &&
@@ -718,16 +735,39 @@ const drawElementFromCanvas = (
     // revert afterwards we don't have account for it during drawing
     context.translate(-cx, -cy);
 
+    // For the incremental freedraw path, the canvas origin is stored explicitly
+    // because the canvas is over-allocated beyond the tight element bounds.
+    const destX =
+      elementWithCanvas.canvasOriginSceneX !== undefined
+        ? (elementWithCanvas.canvasOriginSceneX + appState.scrollX) *
+          window.devicePixelRatio
+        : (x1 + appState.scrollX) * window.devicePixelRatio - padding;
+    const destY =
+      elementWithCanvas.canvasOriginSceneY !== undefined
+        ? (elementWithCanvas.canvasOriginSceneY + appState.scrollY) *
+          window.devicePixelRatio
+        : (y1 + appState.scrollY) * window.devicePixelRatio - padding;
     context.drawImage(
       elementWithCanvas.canvas!,
-      (x1 + appState.scrollX) * window.devicePixelRatio -
-        (padding * elementWithCanvas.scale) / elementWithCanvas.scale,
-      (y1 + appState.scrollY) * window.devicePixelRatio -
-        (padding * elementWithCanvas.scale) / elementWithCanvas.scale,
+      destX,
+      destY,
       elementWithCanvas.canvas!.width / elementWithCanvas.scale,
       elementWithCanvas.canvas!.height / elementWithCanvas.scale,
     );
 
+    // Composite the tip canvas (incremental freedraw path) on top.  It is
+    // the same size and at the same scene origin as the committed canvas, so
+    // it uses identical destX / destY / dimensions.
+    if (elementWithCanvas.tipCanvas) {
+      context.drawImage(
+        elementWithCanvas.tipCanvas,
+        destX,
+        destY,
+        elementWithCanvas.tipCanvas.width / elementWithCanvas.scale,
+        elementWithCanvas.tipCanvas.height / elementWithCanvas.scale,
+      );
+    }
+
     if (
       import.meta.env.VITE_APP_DEBUG_ENABLE_TEXT_CONTAINER_BOUNDING_BOX ===
         "true" &&
@@ -811,10 +851,10 @@ export const renderElement = (
         context.fillStyle = "rgba(0, 0, 200, 0.04)";
 
         context.lineWidth = FRAME_STYLE.strokeWidth / appState.zoom.value;
-        context.strokeStyle =
-          appState.theme === THEME.DARK
-            ? applyDarkModeFilter(FRAME_STYLE.strokeColor)
-            : FRAME_STYLE.strokeColor;
+        context.strokeStyle = applyDarkModeFilter(
+          FRAME_STYLE.strokeColor,
+          appState.theme === THEME.DARK,
+        );
 
         // TODO change later to only affect AI frames
         if (isMagicFrameElement(element)) {
@@ -867,6 +907,14 @@ export const renderElement = (
           return;
         }
 
+        const currentImageSmoothingStatus = context.imageSmoothingEnabled;
+        if (
+          !appState?.shouldCacheIgnoreZoom &&
+          (!element.angle || isRightAngleRads(element.angle))
+        ) {
+          context.imageSmoothingEnabled = false;
+        }
+
         drawElementFromCanvas(
           elementWithCanvas,
           context,
@@ -874,6 +922,8 @@ export const renderElement = (
           appState,
           allElementsMap,
         );
+
+        context.imageSmoothingEnabled = currentImageSmoothingStatus;
       }
 
       break;
@@ -983,7 +1033,7 @@ export const renderElement = (
         }
 
         context.restore();
-        // not exporting → optimized rendering (cache & render from element
+        // not exporting -> optimized rendering (cache & render from element
         // canvases)
       } else {
         const elementWithCanvas = generateElementWithCanvas(

packages/element/src/renderFreedraw.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+import { applyDarkModeFilter, THEME } from "@excalidraw/common";
+
+import type { StaticCanvasRenderConfig } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/scene/types";
+
+import type {
+  AppState,
+  InteractiveCanvasAppState,
+  StaticCanvasAppState,
+  Zoom,
+} from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/types";
+
+import { getElementAbsoluteCoords } from "./bounds";
+import { getContainingFrame } from "./frame";
+
+import type { ExcalidrawElementWithCanvas } from "./renderElement";
+import type {
+  ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
+  NonDeletedSceneElementsMap,
+} from "./types";
+
+const DEFAULT_FREEDRAW_PRESSURE = 0.5;
+
+/**
+ * Half-width (in samples) of the triangular smoothing kernel applied to raw
+ * pressure values before computing stroke radii.  A radius of R means each
+ * pressure sample is averaged with R neighbours on each side, weighted
+ * linearly so the centre sample has weight R+1 and the outermost weight 1.
+ * Larger values produce a smoother, more uniform stroke width.
+ */
+const PRESSURE_SMOOTHING_RADIUS = 6;
+
+/**
+ * Draws a single stroke segment primitive for the triplet (pPrev, pCur, pNext).
+ *
+ * The primitive is a closed quadrilateral with curved top and bottom edges:
+ *   A        = midpoint(pPrev, pCur)  — left junction, shared with the previous primitive
+ *   B        = midpoint(pCur, pNext)  — right junction, shared with the next primitive
+ *   M'1/M'2  at A:    ±rA perpendicular to the pPrev→pCur direction
+ *   M1/M2    at pCur: ±rCur along the bisector normal of the two edge directions
+ *   M''1/M''2 at B:   ±rB perpendicular to the pCur→pNext direction
+ *
+ * Shape boundary (clockwise):
+ *   M'1 →[quadratic Bezier through M1]→ M''1 →[line]→ M''2
+ *       →[quadratic Bezier through M2]→  M'2  →[line]→  M'1
+ *
+ * Adjacent primitives share their junction points so the stroke outline is
+ * geometrically continuous with no gaps or overlaps.
+ */
+const drawStrokeSegment = (
+  context: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+  pPrevX: number,
+  pPrevY: number,
+  rPrev: number,
+  pCurX: number,
+  pCurY: number,
+  rCur: number,
+  pNextX: number,
+  pNextY: number,
+  rNext: number,
+) => {
+  // A = midpoint(pPrev, pCur), B = midpoint(pCur, pNext)
+  const ax = (pPrevX + pCurX) * 0.5;
+  const ay = (pPrevY + pCurY) * 0.5;
+  const rA = (rPrev + rCur) * 0.5;
+  const bx = (pCurX + pNextX) * 0.5;
+  const by = (pCurY + pNextY) * 0.5;
+  const rB = (rCur + rNext) * 0.5;
+
+  // Perpendicular unit vector at A (normal to pPrev→pCur)
+  const daX = pCurX - pPrevX;
+  const daY = pCurY - pPrevY;
+  const daLenInv = 1 / (Math.sqrt(daX * daX + daY * daY) || 1e-10);
+  const nAX = -daY * daLenInv;
+  const nAY = daX * daLenInv;
+
+  // Perpendicular unit vector at B (normal to pCur→pNext)
+  const dbX = pNextX - pCurX;
+  const dbY = pNextY - pCurY;
+  const dbLenInv = 1 / (Math.sqrt(dbX * dbX + dbY * dbY) || 1e-10);
+  const nBX = -dbY * dbLenInv;
+  const nBY = dbX * dbLenInv;
+
+  // Bisector normal at pCur: normalised average of nA and nB
+  const bisRawX = nAX + nBX;
+  const bisRawY = nAY + nBY;
+  const bisLen = Math.sqrt(bisRawX * bisRawX + bisRawY * bisRawY);
+  const bisNX = bisLen > 1e-10 ? bisRawX / bisLen : nAX;
+  const bisNY = bisLen > 1e-10 ? bisRawY / bisLen : nAY;
+
+  // M'1, M'2 at A
+  const mp1x = ax + nAX * rA;
+  const mp1y = ay + nAY * rA;
+  const mp2x = ax - nAX * rA;
+  const mp2y = ay - nAY * rA;
+
+  // M1, M2 at pCur — used directly as the quadratic Bézier control points.
+  // The junction points (M'1, M''1, etc.) are midpoints between consecutive
+  // control points, which is the classic midpoint quadratic B-spline scheme.
+  // This guarantees C1 continuity: the shared junction is always the midpoint
+  // of the two flanking CPs, so the tangent is continuous across segments.
+  const m1x = pCurX + bisNX * rCur;
+  const m1y = pCurY + bisNY * rCur;
+  const m2x = pCurX - bisNX * rCur;
+  const m2y = pCurY - bisNY * rCur;
+
+  // M''1, M''2 at B
+  const mpp1x = bx + nBX * rB;
+  const mpp1y = by + nBY * rB;
+  const mpp2x = bx - nBX * rB;
+  const mpp2y = by - nBY * rB;
+
+  context.beginPath();
+  context.moveTo(mp1x, mp1y);
+  // Top edge: M'1 → M''1, control point = M1 (bisector offset at pCur)
+  context.quadraticCurveTo(m1x, m1y, mpp1x, mpp1y);
+  // Right cap: M''1 → M''2
+  context.lineTo(mpp2x, mpp2y);
+  // Bottom edge: M''2 → M'2, control point = M2
+  context.quadraticCurveTo(m2x, m2y, mp2x, mp2y);
+  // Left cap: M'2 → M'1
+  context.closePath();
+  context.fill();
+
+  // Filled circles at the junction midpoints seal any sub-pixel anti-aliasing
+  // gap where adjacent segment fills share a boundary edge.
+  context.beginPath();
+  context.arc(ax, ay, rA, 0, Math.PI * 2);
+  context.fill();
+  context.beginPath();
+  context.arc(bx, by, rB, 0, Math.PI * 2);
+  context.fill();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Draws freedraw points as pressure-aware curved stroke segment primitives.
+ * For each consecutive triplet of points (i-1, i, i+1) a curved quadrilateral
+ * is drawn whose side edges sit at the midpoints of the consecutive point pairs
+ * and whose top/bottom edges are quadratic Bezier curves passing through the
+ * stroke-width offset at the centre point.  Adjacent primitives share their
+ * side-edge positions, so the rendered outline is continuous with no gaps.
+ *
+ * @param fromIndex   Draw segments starting from this point index (inclusive).
+ *                    Pass 0 to draw from the beginning.
+ * @param upToIndex   Draw segments only up to (but not including) this point
+ *                    index.  Omit or pass `undefined` to draw all remaining
+ *                    points.  Used by the incremental canvas to stop short of
+ *                    the last segment so the committed canvas only contains
+ *                    segments whose geometry is fully determined by immutable
+ *                    points.
+ */
+export const drawFreeDrawSegments = (
+  element: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
+  context: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+  renderConfig: StaticCanvasRenderConfig,
+  fromIndex: number,
+  upToIndex?: number,
+  scale = 1,
+) => {
+  const { points, pressures } = element;
+  const N = points.length;
+  const strokeColor =
+    renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK
+      ? applyDarkModeFilter(element.strokeColor)
+      : element.strokeColor;
+
+  context.fillStyle = applyDarkModeFilter(
+    strokeColor,
+    renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK,
+  );
+
+  const baseRadius = (element.strokeWidth * 1.25) / 2;
+
+  // Causal (one-sided) triangular-kernel weighted average of past pressure
+  // samples.  Only looks backward [i-R .. i], so a newly-arrived point never
+  // retroactively changes the smoothed pressure of any previously rendered
+  // segment.  This ensures live and final renders are identical at all points.
+  // When simulatePressure is true, constant pressure is used for all points.
+  const getSmoothedPressure = (i: number): number => {
+    if (element.simulatePressure || pressures.length === 0) {
+      return DEFAULT_FREEDRAW_PRESSURE;
+    }
+    let sum = 0;
+    let totalWeight = 0;
+    for (let k = -PRESSURE_SMOOTHING_RADIUS; k <= 0; k++) {
+      const idx = i + k;
+      if (idx < 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const p =
+        idx < pressures.length ? pressures[idx] : DEFAULT_FREEDRAW_PRESSURE;
+      const w = PRESSURE_SMOOTHING_RADIUS + 1 + k; // 1 at i-R, R+1 at i
+      sum += p * w;
+      totalWeight += w;
+    }
+    return totalWeight > 0 ? sum / totalWeight : DEFAULT_FREEDRAW_PRESSURE;
+  };
+
+  if (
+    fromIndex === 0 &&
+    N === 1 &&
+    (upToIndex === undefined || upToIndex >= 1)
+  ) {
+    // Single-point stroke -> filled circle (dot)
+    const r = baseRadius * getSmoothedPressure(0) * 2;
+    context.beginPath();
+    context.arc(points[0][0], points[0][1], r, 0, Math.PI * 2);
+    context.fill();
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const end = upToIndex !== undefined ? Math.min(upToIndex, N) : N;
+  const start = Math.max(fromIndex, 1);
+  for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
+    const p0 = points[i - 1];
+    const p1 = points[i];
+    const r0 = baseRadius * getSmoothedPressure(i - 1) * 2;
+    const r1 = baseRadius * getSmoothedPressure(i) * 2;
+
+    // Triplet: need i+1; if at the last point, mirror i-1 around i (degenerate tip).
+    let p2x: number;
+    let p2y: number;
+    let r2: number;
+    if (i < N - 1) {
+      p2x = points[i + 1][0];
+      p2y = points[i + 1][1];
+      r2 = baseRadius * getSmoothedPressure(i + 1) * 2;
+    } else {
+      p2x = 2 * p1[0] - p0[0];
+      p2y = 2 * p1[1] - p0[1];
+      r2 = r0;
+    }
+
+    drawStrokeSegment(
+      context,
+      p0[0],
+      p0[1],
+      r0,
+      p1[0],
+      p1[1],
+      r1,
+      p2x,
+      p2y,
+      r2,
+    );
+  }
+};
+
+// ─── Incremental freedraw canvas cache ───────────────────────────────────────
+// A separate WeakMap that survives ShapeCache.delete() calls so that the raster
+// accumulates new capsule segments without full regeneration on every added
+// point.
+
+// screen pixels - minimum extra lookahead space on each side
+// (divided by scale at use)
+const FREEDRAW_CANVAS_OVERSHOOT_MIN = 200;
+
+// allocate current_dimension * factor extra on each side
+const FREEDRAW_CANVAS_OVERSHOOT_FACTOR = 0.5;
+
+interface FreeDrawIncrementalCanvas {
+  /**
+   * Accumulation canvas - contains all segments whose Catmull-Rom tangents are
+   * fully finalised (right-hand neighbour is known).  With N points the last
+   * finalised segment ends at index `committedPointCount - 1`, meaning segment
+   * `[committedPointCount-2 -> committedPointCount-1]` has been drawn with the
+   * correct tangent at `committedPointCount-1` (since point
+   * `committedPointCount` existed when it was drawn).  Never cleared; only
+   * appended to (or copied when bounds grow).
+   */
+  committedCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
+  /**
+   * Tip canvas - same pixel dimensions and scene origin as `committedCanvas`.
+   * Cleared and redrawn every frame to contain only the last segment
+   * `[committedPointCount-1 -> N-1]` whose tangent at `N-1` is still
+   * provisional (no right-hand neighbour yet).  Composited on top of
+   * `committedCanvas` at display time.
+   */
+  tipCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
+  /**
+   * Number of points that have been permanently drawn on `committedCanvas`.
+   * The committed canvas contains segments through point index
+   * `committedPointCount - 1` with final tangents.  Always lags the current
+   * point count by 1 (the tip holds the last unfinalisable segment).
+   */
+  committedPointCount: number;
+  canvasOriginSceneX: number;
+  canvasOriginSceneY: number;
+  canvasAllocX1: number;
+  canvasAllocY1: number;
+  canvasAllocX2: number;
+  canvasAllocY2: number;
+  scale: number;
+  theme: AppState["theme"];
+}
+
+const freedrawIncrementalCache = new WeakMap<
+  ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
+  FreeDrawIncrementalCanvas
+>();
+
+export const getFreedrawCanvasPadding = (element: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement) =>
+  element.strokeWidth * 12;
+
+/**
+ * Generates or incrementally updates the two-canvas (committed + tip) raster
+ * for a freedraw element being actively drawn.
+ *
+ * ## Two-canvas split
+ *
+ * A Catmull-Rom tangent at point `i` depends on `points[i+1]`.  Until
+ * `points[i+1]` arrives, the tangent at `i` uses a mirrored fallback and is
+ * therefore provisional.  The segment ending at the current tip `[N-2 -> N-1]`
+ * is the only one with a provisional tangent.
+ *
+ * - **`committedCanvas`** - contains all segments whose tangents are final.
+ *   With N points: segments `[0->1, ..., N-3->N-2]` (`committedPointCount =
+ *   N-1`).  This canvas is append-only; its pixels are never invalidated.
+ *   When a new point `N` arrives, the segment `[N-2 -> N-1]` is now
+ *   finalised (tangent at `N-1` uses `N` as the right-hand neighbour) and is
+ *   drawn onto the committed canvas.  `committedPointCount` advances to `N`.
+ *
+ * - **`tipCanvas`** - cleared and redrawn every frame to contain only the
+ *   last provisional segment `[committedPointCount-1 -> N-1]`.  Composited on
+ *   top of `committedCanvas` at display time.
+ */
+export const generateOrUpdateFreeDrawIncrementalCanvas = (
+  element: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
+  elementsMap: NonDeletedSceneElementsMap,
+  zoom: Zoom,
+  renderConfig: StaticCanvasRenderConfig,
+  appState: StaticCanvasAppState | InteractiveCanvasAppState,
+): ExcalidrawElementWithCanvas | null => {
+  const scale = zoom.value;
+  const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio;
+  const padding = getFreedrawCanvasPadding(element);
+  const [x1, y1, x2, y2] = getElementAbsoluteCoords(element, elementsMap);
+  const containingFrameOpacity =
+    getContainingFrame(element, elementsMap)?.opacity || 100;
+  const N = element.points.length;
+
+  const prevInc = freedrawIncrementalCache.get(element);
+
+  const boundsExceeded =
+    prevInc !== undefined &&
+    (x1 < prevInc.canvasAllocX1 ||
+      y1 < prevInc.canvasAllocY1 ||
+      x2 > prevInc.canvasAllocX2 ||
+      y2 > prevInc.canvasAllocY2);
+
+  const needsAlloc =
+    prevInc === undefined ||
+    boundsExceeded ||
+    prevInc.scale !== scale ||
+    prevInc.theme !== appState.theme;
+
+  // ── Canvas allocation / reallocation ──────────────────────────────────────
+  let committedCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
+  let tipCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
+  let canvasOriginSceneX: number;
+  let canvasOriginSceneY: number;
+  let canvasScale: number;
+  // How many points to start the committed-canvas update from.  On a full
+  // regen this is 0; on a bounds-exceeded realloc it is the existing committed
+  // count so we only append the new segments.
+  let committedFromIndex: number;
+
+  if (needsAlloc) {
+    // Over-allocate proportionally to the current bounding box so fast large
+    // strokes trigger far fewer reallocations.
+    const overshootX = Math.max(
+      FREEDRAW_CANVAS_OVERSHOOT_MIN / scale,
+      (x2 - x1) * FREEDRAW_CANVAS_OVERSHOOT_FACTOR,
+    );
+    const overshootY = Math.max(
+      FREEDRAW_CANVAS_OVERSHOOT_MIN / scale,
+      (y2 - y1) * FREEDRAW_CANVAS_OVERSHOOT_FACTOR,
+    );
+    const allocX1 = x1 - overshootX;
+    const allocY1 = y1 - overshootY;
+    const allocX2 = x2 + overshootX;
+    const allocY2 = y2 + overshootY;
+
+    canvasOriginSceneX = allocX1 - padding / dpr;
+    canvasOriginSceneY = allocY1 - padding / dpr;
+
+    const rawW = (allocX2 - allocX1) * dpr + padding * 2;
+    const rawH = (allocY2 - allocY1) * dpr + padding * 2;
+
+    // Respect browser canvas size limits.
+    const AREA_LIMIT = 16777216;
+    const WIDTH_HEIGHT_LIMIT = 32767;
+    canvasScale = scale;
+    if (
+      rawW * canvasScale > WIDTH_HEIGHT_LIMIT ||
+      rawH * canvasScale > WIDTH_HEIGHT_LIMIT
+    ) {
+      canvasScale = Math.min(
+        WIDTH_HEIGHT_LIMIT / rawW,
+        WIDTH_HEIGHT_LIMIT / rawH,
+      );
+    }
+    if (rawW * rawH * canvasScale * canvasScale > AREA_LIMIT) {
+      canvasScale = Math.sqrt(AREA_LIMIT / (rawW * rawH));
+    }
+
+    const canvasWidth = Math.floor(rawW * canvasScale);
+    const canvasHeight = Math.floor(rawH * canvasScale);
+    if (!canvasWidth || !canvasHeight) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    committedCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+    committedCanvas.width = canvasWidth;
+    committedCanvas.height = canvasHeight;
+
+    tipCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+    tipCanvas.width = canvasWidth;
+    tipCanvas.height = canvasHeight;
+
+    if (
+      prevInc !== undefined &&
+      boundsExceeded &&
+      prevInc.scale === canvasScale &&
+      prevInc.theme === appState.theme
+    ) {
+      // Bounds grew: copy committed raster to new canvas at the correct offset
+      // and keep accumulating.  Tip will be redrawn below.
+      const copyX =
+        (prevInc.canvasOriginSceneX - canvasOriginSceneX) * dpr * canvasScale;
+      const copyY =
+        (prevInc.canvasOriginSceneY - canvasOriginSceneY) * dpr * canvasScale;
+      committedCanvas
+        .getContext("2d")!
+        .drawImage(prevInc.committedCanvas, copyX, copyY);
+      committedFromIndex = prevInc.committedPointCount;
+    } else {
+      // Full regeneration: zoom/theme change or first frame.
+      committedFromIndex = 0;
+    }
+
+    freedrawIncrementalCache.set(element, {
+      committedCanvas,
+      tipCanvas,
+      committedPointCount: committedFromIndex,
+      canvasOriginSceneX,
+      canvasOriginSceneY,
+      canvasAllocX1: allocX1,
+      canvasAllocY1: allocY1,
+      canvasAllocX2: allocX2,
+      canvasAllocY2: allocY2,
+      scale: canvasScale,
+      theme: appState.theme,
+    });
+  } else {
+    committedCanvas = prevInc.committedCanvas;
+    tipCanvas = prevInc.tipCanvas;
+    canvasOriginSceneX = prevInc.canvasOriginSceneX;
+    canvasOriginSceneY = prevInc.canvasOriginSceneY;
+    canvasScale = prevInc.scale;
+    committedFromIndex = prevInc.committedPointCount;
+  }
+
+  const inc = freedrawIncrementalCache.get(element)!;
+
+  // ── Helper: draw onto a canvas with the element's scene->pixel transform ──
+  const withElementContext = (
+    target: HTMLCanvasElement,
+    fn: (ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) => void,
+  ) => {
+    const ctx = target.getContext("2d")!;
+    const offsetX = (element.x - canvasOriginSceneX) * dpr * canvasScale;
+    const offsetY = (element.y - canvasOriginSceneY) * dpr * canvasScale;
+    ctx.save();
+    ctx.translate(offsetX, offsetY);
+    ctx.scale(dpr * canvasScale, dpr * canvasScale);
+    fn(ctx);
+    ctx.restore();
+  };
+
+  // ── Update committed canvas ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // With N points the last finalisable segment ends at N-2 (needs N-1 as
+  // right-hand neighbour for the tangent at N-2, and N-1 is always present).
+  // We draw from `committedFromIndex` up to (but not including) point N-1,
+  // so the committed canvas contains segments [0->1, ..., N-3->N-2].
+  const newCommittedCount = Math.max(1, N - 1);
+  if (committedFromIndex < newCommittedCount) {
+    withElementContext(committedCanvas, (ctx) => {
+      drawFreeDrawSegments(
+        element,
+        ctx,
+        renderConfig,
+        committedFromIndex,
+        newCommittedCount, // upToIndex - stop before the last provisional segment
+        canvasScale,
+      );
+    });
+    inc.committedPointCount = newCommittedCount;
+  }
+
+  // ── Redraw tip canvas ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Always cleared and redrawn: contains the single provisional segment
+  // [committedPointCount-1 -> N-1] with a predicted-point ghost if available.
+  withElementContext(tipCanvas, (ctx) => {
+    ctx.clearRect(
+      -(element.x - canvasOriginSceneX),
+      -(element.y - canvasOriginSceneY),
+      tipCanvas.width / (dpr * canvasScale),
+      tipCanvas.height / (dpr * canvasScale),
+    );
+    drawFreeDrawSegments(
+      element,
+      ctx,
+      renderConfig,
+      inc.committedPointCount,
+      undefined, // draw to natural end (the tip segment)
+      canvasScale,
+    );
+  });
+
+  return {
+    element,
+    canvas: committedCanvas,
+    tipCanvas,
+    theme: appState.theme,
+    scale: canvasScale,
+    angle: element.angle,
+    zoomValue: zoom.value,
+    canvasOffsetX: 0,
+    canvasOffsetY: 0,
+    boundTextElementVersion: null,
+    imageCrop: null,
+    containingFrameOpacity,
+    boundTextCanvas: document.createElement("canvas"),
+    canvasOriginSceneX: inc.canvasOriginSceneX,
+    canvasOriginSceneY: inc.canvasOriginSceneY,
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Removes the incremental freedraw canvas for the given element.
+ * Call this when a freedraw stroke is finalised so the next render
+ * produces a fresh tight-bounds canvas instead of the over-allocated one.
+ */
+export const invalidateFreeDrawIncrementalCanvas = (
+  element: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
+) => {
+  freedrawIncrementalCache.delete(element);
+};

packages/element/src/selection.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,32 @@
-import { arrayToMap, isShallowEqual } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { arrayToMap, isShallowEqual, type Bounds } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import {
+  lineSegment,
+  pointFrom,
+  pointRotateRads,
+  type GlobalPoint,
+} from "@excalidraw/math";
 
 import type {
   AppState,
+  BoxSelectionMode,
   InteractiveCanvasAppState,
 } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/types";
 
-import { getElementAbsoluteCoords, getElementBounds } from "./bounds";
+import {
+  boundsContainBounds,
+  doBoundsIntersect,
+  elementCenterPoint,
+  getElementAbsoluteCoords,
+  getElementBounds,
+  pointInsideBounds,
+} from "./bounds";
+import { intersectElementWithLineSegment } from "./collision";
 import { isElementInViewport } from "./sizeHelpers";
 import {
+  isArrowElement,
   isBoundToContainer,
   isFrameLikeElement,
+  isFreeDrawElement,
   isLinearElement,
   isTextElement,
 } from "./typeChecks";
@@ -21,15 +38,33 @@ import {
 
 import { LinearElementEditor } from "./linearElementEditor";
 import { selectGroupsForSelectedElements } from "./groups";
+import { getBoundTextElement } from "./textElement";
 
 import type {
   ElementsMap,
   ElementsMapOrArray,
   ExcalidrawElement,
+  ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
   NonDeleted,
   NonDeletedExcalidrawElement,
 } from "./types";
 
+const shouldIgnoreElementFromSelection = (
+  element: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement,
+) => element.locked || isBoundToContainer(element);
+
+const excludeElementsFromFrames = <T extends ExcalidrawElement>(
+  selectedElements: readonly T[],
+  framesInSelection: Set<ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement["id"]>,
+) => {
+  return selectedElements.filter((element) => {
+    if (element.frameId && framesInSelection.has(element.frameId)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  });
+};
+
 /**
  * Frames and their containing elements are not to be selected at the same time.
  * Given an array of selected elements, if there are frames and their containing elements
@@ -49,68 +84,286 @@ export const excludeElementsInFramesFromSelection = <
     }
   });
 
-  return selectedElements.filter((element) => {
-    if (element.frameId && framesInSelection.has(element.frameId)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  });
+  return excludeElementsFromFrames(selectedElements, framesInSelection);
 };
 
 export const getElementsWithinSelection = (
   elements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[],
   selection: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement,
   elementsMap: ElementsMap,
+  // TODO remove (this flag is effectively unused AFAIK)
   excludeElementsInFrames: boolean = true,
-) => {
-  const [selectionX1, selectionY1, selectionX2, selectionY2] =
+  boxSelectionMode: BoxSelectionMode = "contain",
+): NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[] => {
+  const [selectionStartX, selectionStartY, selectionEndX, selectionEndY] =
     getElementAbsoluteCoords(selection, elementsMap);
+  const selectionX1 = Math.min(selectionStartX, selectionEndX);
+  const selectionY1 = Math.min(selectionStartY, selectionEndY);
+  const selectionX2 = Math.max(selectionStartX, selectionEndX);
+  const selectionY2 = Math.max(selectionStartY, selectionEndY);
+  const selectionBounds = [
+    selectionX1,
+    selectionY1,
+    selectionX2,
+    selectionY2,
+  ] as Bounds;
+  const selectionEdges = [
+    lineSegment<GlobalPoint>(
+      pointFrom(selectionX1, selectionY1),
+      pointFrom(selectionX2, selectionY1),
+    ),
+    lineSegment<GlobalPoint>(
+      pointFrom(selectionX2, selectionY1),
+      pointFrom(selectionX2, selectionY2),
+    ),
+    lineSegment<GlobalPoint>(
+      pointFrom(selectionX2, selectionY2),
+      pointFrom(selectionX1, selectionY2),
+    ),
+    lineSegment<GlobalPoint>(
+      pointFrom(selectionX1, selectionY2),
+      pointFrom(selectionX1, selectionY1),
+    ),
+  ];
 
-  let elementsInSelection = elements.filter((element) => {
-    let [elementX1, elementY1, elementX2, elementY2] = getElementBounds(
-      element,
-      elementsMap,
-    );
+  const framesInSelection = excludeElementsInFrames
+    ? new Set<NonDeletedExcalidrawElement["id"]>()
+    : null;
+  const groups: Record<string, NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[]> = {};
+  const elementsInSelection: Set<NonDeletedExcalidrawElement> = new Set();
 
-    const containingFrame = getContainingFrame(element, elementsMap);
-    if (containingFrame) {
-      const [fx1, fy1, fx2, fy2] = getElementBounds(
-        containingFrame,
+  for (const element of elements) {
+    if (shouldIgnoreElementFromSelection(element)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Track only selectable top-level group members, so ignored elements such
+    // as bound text and locked elements don't affect group selection.
+    const groupId = element.groupIds.at(-1);
+    if (groupId) {
+      if (!groups[groupId]) {
+        groups[groupId] = [];
+      }
+      groups[groupId].push(element);
+    }
+
+    const strokeWidth = element.strokeWidth;
+    let labelAABB: Bounds | null = null;
+    let elementAABB = getElementBounds(element, elementsMap);
+
+    elementAABB = [
+      elementAABB[0] - strokeWidth / 2,
+      elementAABB[1] - strokeWidth / 2,
+      elementAABB[2] + strokeWidth / 2,
+      elementAABB[3] + strokeWidth / 2,
+    ] as Bounds;
+
+    // Whether the element bounds should include the bound text element bounds
+    const boundTextElement =
+      isArrowElement(element) && getBoundTextElement(element, elementsMap);
+    if (boundTextElement) {
+      const { x, y } = LinearElementEditor.getBoundTextElementPosition(
+        element,
+        boundTextElement,
         elementsMap,
       );
-
-      elementX1 = Math.max(fx1, elementX1);
-      elementY1 = Math.max(fy1, elementY1);
-      elementX2 = Math.min(fx2, elementX2);
-      elementY2 = Math.min(fy2, elementY2);
+      labelAABB = [
+        x,
+        y,
+        x + boundTextElement.width,
+        y + boundTextElement.height,
+      ] as Bounds;
     }
 
-    return (
-      element.locked === false &&
-      element.type !== "selection" &&
-      !isBoundToContainer(element) &&
-      selectionX1 <= elementX1 &&
-      selectionY1 <= elementY1 &&
-      selectionX2 >= elementX2 &&
-      selectionY2 >= elementY2
-    );
-  });
+    // Clip element bounds by its containing frame (if any), since only the
+    // visible (frame-clipped) portion of the element is relevant for selection.
+    const associatedFrame = getContainingFrame(element, elementsMap);
+    if (
+      associatedFrame &&
+      elementOverlapsWithFrame(element, associatedFrame, elementsMap)
+    ) {
+      const frameAABB = getElementBounds(associatedFrame, elementsMap);
+      elementAABB = [
+        Math.max(elementAABB[0], frameAABB[0]),
+        Math.max(elementAABB[1], frameAABB[1]),
+        Math.min(elementAABB[2], frameAABB[2]),
+        Math.min(elementAABB[3], frameAABB[3]),
+      ] as Bounds;
 
-  elementsInSelection = excludeElementsInFrames
-    ? excludeElementsInFramesFromSelection(elementsInSelection)
-    : elementsInSelection;
-
-  elementsInSelection = elementsInSelection.filter((element) => {
-    const containingFrame = getContainingFrame(element, elementsMap);
-
-    if (containingFrame) {
-      return elementOverlapsWithFrame(element, containingFrame, elementsMap);
+      labelAABB = labelAABB
+        ? ([
+            Math.max(labelAABB[0], frameAABB[0]),
+            Math.max(labelAABB[1], frameAABB[1]),
+            Math.min(labelAABB[2], frameAABB[2]),
+            Math.min(labelAABB[3], frameAABB[3]),
+          ] as Bounds)
+        : null;
     }
 
-    return true;
-  });
+    const commonAABB = labelAABB
+      ? ([
+          Math.min(labelAABB[0], elementAABB[0]),
+          Math.min(labelAABB[1], elementAABB[1]),
+          Math.max(labelAABB[2], elementAABB[2]),
+          Math.max(labelAABB[3], elementAABB[3]),
+        ] as Bounds)
+      : elementAABB;
 
-  return elementsInSelection;
+    // ============== Evaluation ==============
+
+    // 1. If the selection box WRAPs the element's AABB, then add it to the
+    //    selection and move on, regardless of the selection mode.
+    //
+    //    PERF: This trick only works with axis-aligned box selection and the
+    //          current convex element shapes!
+    if (boundsContainBounds(selectionBounds, commonAABB)) {
+      if (framesInSelection && isFrameLikeElement(element)) {
+        framesInSelection.add(element.id);
+      }
+      elementsInSelection.add(element);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 2. Handle the case where the label is overlapped by the selection box
+    if (
+      boxSelectionMode === "overlap" &&
+      labelAABB &&
+      doBoundsIntersect(selectionBounds, labelAABB)
+    ) {
+      elementsInSelection.add(element);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // 3. Handle the case where the selection is not wrapping the element, but
+    //    it does intersect the element's outline (non-AABB).
+    if (
+      boxSelectionMode === "overlap" &&
+      doBoundsIntersect(selectionBounds, elementAABB)
+    ) {
+      let hasIntersection = false;
+
+      // Preliminary check potential intersection imprecision
+      if (isLinearElement(element) || isFreeDrawElement(element)) {
+        const center = elementCenterPoint(element, elementsMap);
+        hasIntersection = element.points.some((point) => {
+          const rotatedPoint = pointRotateRads(
+            pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(element.x + point[0], element.y + point[1]),
+            center,
+            element.angle,
+          );
+
+          return pointInsideBounds(rotatedPoint, selectionBounds);
+        });
+      } else {
+        const nonRotatedElementBounds = getElementBounds(
+          element,
+          elementsMap,
+          true,
+        );
+        const center = elementCenterPoint(element, elementsMap);
+        hasIntersection = [
+          pointRotateRads(
+            pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(
+              (nonRotatedElementBounds[0] + nonRotatedElementBounds[2]) / 2,
+              nonRotatedElementBounds[1],
+            ),
+            center,
+            element.angle,
+          ),
+          pointRotateRads(
+            pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(
+              nonRotatedElementBounds[2],
+              (nonRotatedElementBounds[1] + nonRotatedElementBounds[3]) / 2,
+            ),
+            center,
+            element.angle,
+          ),
+          pointRotateRads(
+            pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(
+              (nonRotatedElementBounds[0] + nonRotatedElementBounds[2]) / 2,
+              nonRotatedElementBounds[3],
+            ),
+            center,
+            element.angle,
+          ),
+          pointRotateRads(
+            pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(
+              nonRotatedElementBounds[0],
+              (nonRotatedElementBounds[1] + nonRotatedElementBounds[3]) / 2,
+            ),
+            center,
+            element.angle,
+          ),
+        ].some((point) => {
+          return pointInsideBounds(
+            pointRotateRads(point, center, element.angle),
+            selectionBounds,
+          );
+        });
+      }
+
+      if (!hasIntersection) {
+        hasIntersection = selectionEdges.some(
+          (selectionEdge) =>
+            intersectElementWithLineSegment(
+              element,
+              elementsMap,
+              selectionEdge,
+              strokeWidth / 2,
+              true, // Stop at first hit for better performance
+            ).length > 0,
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (hasIntersection) {
+        if (framesInSelection && isFrameLikeElement(element)) {
+          framesInSelection.add(element.id);
+        }
+
+        elementsInSelection.add(element);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 4. We don't need to handle when the selection is inside the element
+    //    as it is separately handled in App.
+  }
+
+  if (framesInSelection) {
+    elementsInSelection.forEach((element) => {
+      if (element.frameId && framesInSelection.has(element.frameId)) {
+        elementsInSelection.delete(element);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (boxSelectionMode === "overlap") {
+    Array.from(elementsInSelection).forEach((element) => {
+      const groupId = element.groupIds.at(-1);
+      const group = groupId ? groups[groupId] : null;
+
+      group?.forEach((groupElement) => elementsInSelection.add(groupElement));
+    });
+  } else if (boxSelectionMode === "contain") {
+    elementsInSelection.forEach((element) => {
+      // note: currently we only support top-level group handling since
+      // we don't support box selecting while editing the group/subgroup
+      // see https://github.com/excalidraw/excalidraw/pull/11234#issuecomment-4387654451
+      const groupId = element.groupIds.at(-1);
+
+      const group = groupId ? groups[groupId] : null;
+
+      if (
+        group &&
+        !group.every((groupElement) => elementsInSelection.has(groupElement))
+      ) {
+        elementsInSelection.delete(element);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  // to maintain original order elements (namely for group selection)
+  return elements.filter((element) => elementsInSelection.has(element));
 };
 
 export const getVisibleAndNonSelectedElements = (

packages/element/src/shape.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { simplify } from "points-on-curve";
-import { getStroke } from "perfect-freehand";
 
 import {
   type GeometricShape,
@@ -28,6 +27,12 @@ import {
 
 import { RoughGenerator } from "roughjs/bin/generator";
 
+import type {
+  ElementShape,
+  ElementShapes,
+  SVGPathString,
+} from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/scene/types";
+
 import type { GlobalPoint } from "@excalidraw/math";
 
 import type { Mutable } from "@excalidraw/common/utility-types";
@@ -36,11 +41,6 @@ import type {
   AppState,
   EmbedsValidationStatus,
 } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/types";
-import type {
-  ElementShape,
-  ElementShapes,
-  SVGPathString,
-} from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/scene/types";
 
 import { elementWithCanvasCache } from "./renderElement";
 
@@ -218,9 +218,7 @@ export const generateRoughOptions = (
     fillWeight: element.strokeWidth / 2,
     hachureGap: element.strokeWidth * 4,
     roughness: adjustRoughness(element),
-    stroke: isDarkMode
-      ? applyDarkModeFilter(element.strokeColor)
-      : element.strokeColor,
+    stroke: applyDarkModeFilter(element.strokeColor, isDarkMode),
     preserveVertices:
       continuousPath || element.roughness < ROUGHNESS.cartoonist,
   };
@@ -234,9 +232,7 @@ export const generateRoughOptions = (
       options.fillStyle = element.fillStyle;
       options.fill = isTransparent(element.backgroundColor)
         ? undefined
-        : isDarkMode
-        ? applyDarkModeFilter(element.backgroundColor)
-        : element.backgroundColor;
+        : applyDarkModeFilter(element.backgroundColor, isDarkMode);
       if (element.type === "ellipse") {
         options.curveFitting = 1;
       }
@@ -249,9 +245,7 @@ export const generateRoughOptions = (
         options.fill =
           element.backgroundColor === "transparent"
             ? undefined
-            : isDarkMode
-            ? applyDarkModeFilter(element.backgroundColor)
-            : element.backgroundColor;
+            : applyDarkModeFilter(element.backgroundColor, isDarkMode);
       }
       return options;
     }
@@ -386,12 +380,11 @@ const getArrowheadShapes = (
     return [];
   }
 
-  const strokeColor = isDarkMode
-    ? applyDarkModeFilter(element.strokeColor)
-    : element.strokeColor;
-  const backgroundFillColor = isDarkMode
-    ? applyDarkModeFilter(canvasBackgroundColor)
-    : canvasBackgroundColor;
+  const strokeColor = applyDarkModeFilter(element.strokeColor, isDarkMode);
+  const backgroundFillColor = applyDarkModeFilter(
+    canvasBackgroundColor,
+    isDarkMode,
+  );
   const cardinalityOneOrManyOffset = -0.25;
   const cardinalityZeroCircleScale = 0.8;
 
@@ -981,7 +974,7 @@ const _generateElementShape = (
       }
 
       // (2) stroke
-      shapes.push(getFreeDrawSvgPath(element));
+      shapes.push(...getFreeDrawCapsulePaths(element));
 
       return shapes;
     }
@@ -1171,64 +1164,351 @@ export const toggleLinePolygonState = (
 //                         freedraw shape helper
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-// NOTE not cached (-> for SVG export)
-const getFreeDrawSvgPath = (element: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement) => {
-  return getSvgPathFromStroke(
-    getFreedrawOutlinePoints(element),
-  ) as SVGPathString;
-};
+const FREEDRAW_DEFAULT_PRESSURE = 0.5;
+const FREEDRAW_BEZIER_SUBDIVIDE_TARGET_SPACING = 3;
+const FREEDRAW_PRESSURE_SMOOTHING_RADIUS = 6;
 
-export const getFreedrawOutlinePoints = (
-  element: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
-) => {
-  // If input points are empty (should they ever be?) return a dot
-  const inputPoints = element.simulatePressure
-    ? element.points
-    : element.points.length
-    ? element.points.map(([x, y], i) => [x, y, element.pressures[i]])
-    : [[0, 0, 0.5]];
+// Round to 2 dp — sub-pixel accuracy at SVG 96 dpi
+const r2 = (v: number) => Math.round(v * 100) / 100;
 
-  return getStroke(inputPoints as number[][], {
-    simulatePressure: element.simulatePressure,
-    size: element.strokeWidth * 4.25,
-    thinning: 0.6,
-    smoothing: 0.5,
-    streamline: 0.5,
-    easing: (t) => Math.sin((t * Math.PI) / 2), // https://easings.net/#easeOutSine
-    last: true,
-  }) as [number, number][];
-};
+/**
+ * SVG path `d` string for a single tapered capsule. Uses clockwise arcs
+ * (sweep=1) so the geometry matches the canvas 2D
+ * `arc(..., anticlockwise=false)` calls.
+ */
+const freedrawTaperedCapsulePath = (
+  x0: number,
+  y0: number,
+  r0: number,
+  x1: number,
+  y1: number,
+  r1: number,
+): string => {
+  const dx = x1 - x0;
+  const dy = y1 - y0;
+  const len = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+  const r = Math.max(r0, r1);
 
-const med = (A: number[], B: number[]) => {
-  return [(A[0] + B[0]) / 2, (A[1] + B[1]) / 2];
-};
-
-// Trim SVG path data so number are each two decimal points. This
-// improves SVG exports, and prevents rendering errors on points
-// with long decimals.
-const TO_FIXED_PRECISION = /(\s?[A-Z]?,?-?[0-9]*\.[0-9]{0,2})(([0-9]|e|-)*)/g;
-
-const getSvgPathFromStroke = (points: number[][]): string => {
-  if (!points.length) {
-    return "";
+  if (len < r / 2) {
+    // Degenerate — full circle at midpoint via two clockwise 180° arcs.
+    const cx = r2((x0 + x1) / 2);
+    const cy = r2((y0 + y1) / 2);
+    const rr = r2(r);
+    return (
+      `M ${(cx - rr).toFixed(2)} ${cy.toFixed(2)} ` +
+      `A ${rr} ${rr} 0 1 1 ${(cx + rr).toFixed(2)} ${cy.toFixed(2)} ` +
+      `A ${rr} ${rr} 0 1 1 ${(cx - rr).toFixed(2)} ${cy.toFixed(2)} Z`
+    );
   }
 
-  const max = points.length - 1;
+  const px = -dy / len; // perpendicular unit x
+  const py = dx / len; // perpendicular unit y
 
-  return points
-    .reduce(
-      (acc, point, i, arr) => {
-        if (i === max) {
-          acc.push(point, med(point, arr[0]), "L", arr[0], "Z");
-        } else {
-          acc.push(point, med(point, arr[i + 1]));
-        }
-        return acc;
-      },
-      ["M", points[0], "Q"],
-    )
-    .join(" ")
-    .replace(TO_FIXED_PRECISION, "$1");
+  // P0 +/- perp·r0  (start / back cap tangent points)
+  const b0x = r2(x0 + px * r0);
+  const b0y = r2(y0 + py * r0);
+  const b1x = r2(x0 - px * r0);
+  const b1y = r2(y0 - py * r0);
+  // P1 +/- perp·r1  (end / front cap tangent points)
+  const f0x = r2(x1 - px * r1);
+  const f0y = r2(y1 - py * r1);
+  const f1x = r2(x1 + px * r1);
+  const f1y = r2(y1 + py * r1);
+  const rr0 = r2(r0);
+  const rr1 = r2(r1);
+
+  // Back cap: clockwise 180° arc from (b0) to (b1) around P0.
+  // Front cap: clockwise 180° arc from (f0) to (f1) around P1.
+  return (
+    `M ${b0x.toFixed(2)} ${b0y.toFixed(2)} ` +
+    `A ${rr0.toFixed(2)} ${rr0.toFixed(2)} 0 1 1 ${b1x.toFixed(
+      2,
+    )} ${b1y.toFixed(2)} ` +
+    `L ${f0x.toFixed(2)} ${f0y.toFixed(2)} ` +
+    `A ${rr1.toFixed(2)} ${rr1.toFixed(2)} 0 1 1 ${f1x.toFixed(
+      2,
+    )} ${f1y.toFixed(2)} Z`
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Catmull-Rom tangent at points[i].Identical math to `getCatmullRomTangent`
+ * in renderElement.ts (predictedPoint is not needed for finalised strokes).
+ */
+const freedrawCatmullRomTangent = (
+  points: readonly (readonly [number, number])[],
+  i: number,
+): [number, number] => {
+  const N = points.length;
+  const cur = points[i];
+
+  let next: readonly [number, number];
+  if (i < N - 1) {
+    next = points[i + 1];
+  } else {
+    const prev2 = i > 0 ? points[i - 1] : cur;
+    next = [2 * cur[0] - prev2[0], 2 * cur[1] - prev2[1]];
+  }
+
+  let tx: number;
+  let ty: number;
+  if (i === 0) {
+    tx = (next[0] - cur[0]) * 0.5;
+    ty = (next[1] - cur[1]) * 0.5;
+  } else {
+    const prev = points[i - 1];
+    tx = (next[0] - prev[0]) * 0.5;
+    ty = (next[1] - prev[1]) * 0.5;
+  }
+
+  // Chord-length clamping (PCHIP-style).
+  const magSq = tx * tx + ty * ty;
+  if (magSq > 0) {
+    const dNx = next[0] - cur[0];
+    const dNy = next[1] - cur[1];
+    const chordNext = Math.sqrt(dNx * dNx + dNy * dNy);
+    let chordPrev = chordNext;
+    if (i > 0) {
+      const prev = points[i - 1];
+      const dPx = cur[0] - prev[0];
+      const dPy = cur[1] - prev[1];
+      chordPrev = Math.sqrt(dPx * dPx + dPy * dPy);
+    }
+    const maxMag = 3 * Math.min(chordNext, chordPrev);
+    const mag = Math.sqrt(magSq);
+    if (mag > maxMag) {
+      const s = maxMag / mag;
+      tx *= s;
+      ty *= s;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return [tx, ty];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Triangular-kernel causal weighted pressure average (backward-only window).
+ * When `simulatePressure` is true or pressures array is empty, returns the
+ * default constant pressure so the geometry mirrors constant-pressure rendering.
+ */
+const getFreeDrawSmoothedPressure = (
+  element: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
+  i: number,
+): number => {
+  const { pressures } = element;
+  if (element.simulatePressure || pressures.length === 0) {
+    return FREEDRAW_DEFAULT_PRESSURE;
+  }
+  let sum = 0;
+  let totalWeight = 0;
+  for (let k = -FREEDRAW_PRESSURE_SMOOTHING_RADIUS; k <= 0; k++) {
+    const idx = i + k;
+    if (idx < 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const p =
+      idx < pressures.length ? pressures[idx] : FREEDRAW_DEFAULT_PRESSURE;
+    const w = FREEDRAW_PRESSURE_SMOOTHING_RADIUS + 1 + k;
+    sum += p * w;
+    totalWeight += w;
+  }
+  return totalWeight > 0 ? sum / totalWeight : FREEDRAW_DEFAULT_PRESSURE;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns one SVG path `d` string per tapered-capsule sub-segment for a
+ * freedraw element, using the same Catmull-Rom Bezier subdivision and pressure
+ * smoothing as the canvas renderer.
+ */
+const getFreeDrawCapsulePaths = (
+  element: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
+): SVGPathString[] => {
+  const { points } = element;
+  const N = points.length;
+  const baseRadius = (element.strokeWidth * 1.25) / 2;
+
+  const getSmoothedPressure = (i: number): number =>
+    getFreeDrawSmoothedPressure(element, i);
+
+  const paths: SVGPathString[] = [];
+
+  if (N === 1) {
+    // Single-point stroke — filled circle.
+    const rr = r2(baseRadius * getSmoothedPressure(0) * 2);
+    const cx = r2(points[0][0]);
+    const cy = r2(points[0][1]);
+    paths.push(
+      `M ${(cx - rr).toFixed(2)} ${cy.toFixed(2)} A ${rr} ${rr} 0 1 1 ${(
+        cx + rr
+      ).toFixed(2)} ${cy.toFixed(2)} A ${rr} ${rr} 0 1 1 ${(cx - rr).toFixed(
+        2,
+      )} ${cy.toFixed(2)} Z` as SVGPathString,
+    );
+    return paths;
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 1; i < N; i++) {
+    const p0 = points[i - 1];
+    const p1 = points[i];
+    const r0 = baseRadius * getSmoothedPressure(i - 1) * 2;
+    const r1 = baseRadius * getSmoothedPressure(i) * 2;
+
+    const t0 = freedrawCatmullRomTangent(points, i - 1);
+    const t1 = freedrawCatmullRomTangent(points, i);
+
+    // Bezier subdivision.
+    const segLen = Math.sqrt((p1[0] - p0[0]) ** 2 + (p1[1] - p0[1]) ** 2);
+    const nSubdiv = Math.max(
+      1,
+      Math.ceil(segLen / FREEDRAW_BEZIER_SUBDIVIDE_TARGET_SPACING),
+    );
+
+    const cp1x = p0[0] + t0[0] / 3;
+    const cp1y = p0[1] + t0[1] / 3;
+    const cp2x = p1[0] - t1[0] / 3;
+    const cp2y = p1[1] - t1[1] / 3;
+
+    let prevX = p0[0];
+    let prevY = p0[1];
+    let prevR = r0;
+
+    for (let k = 1; k <= nSubdiv; k++) {
+      const t = k / nSubdiv;
+      const mt = 1 - t;
+      const mt2 = mt * mt;
+      const t2 = t * t;
+      const mt3 = mt2 * mt;
+      const t3 = t2 * t;
+
+      const x =
+        mt3 * p0[0] + 3 * mt2 * t * cp1x + 3 * mt * t2 * cp2x + t3 * p1[0];
+      const y =
+        mt3 * p0[1] + 3 * mt2 * t * cp1y + 3 * mt * t2 * cp2y + t3 * p1[1];
+      const r = r0 + (r1 - r0) * t;
+
+      paths.push(
+        freedrawTaperedCapsulePath(
+          prevX,
+          prevY,
+          prevR,
+          x,
+          y,
+          r,
+        ) as SVGPathString,
+      );
+      prevX = x;
+      prevY = y;
+      prevR = r;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return paths;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generates an outline polygon for a freedraw element using the same
+ * Catmull-Rom Bezier subdivision and pressure smoothing as the canvas renderer.
+ * Returns `[x, y]` points in element-local coordinates that form a closed
+ * polygon around the stroke (left side + right side reversed), suitable for
+ * hit-testing and eraser intersection.
+ */
+export const getFreedrawOutlinePoints = (
+  element: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
+): [number, number][] => {
+  const { points } = element;
+  const N = points.length;
+  const baseRadius = (element.strokeWidth * 1.25) / 2;
+
+  if (N === 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  const radius0 = baseRadius * getFreeDrawSmoothedPressure(element, 0) * 2;
+
+  if (N === 1) {
+    // Single point case
+    const cx = points[0][0];
+    const cy = points[0][1];
+    const result: [number, number][] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+      const angle = (i / 8) * Math.PI * 2;
+      result.push([
+        cx + Math.cos(angle) * radius0,
+        cy + Math.sin(angle) * radius0,
+      ]);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  const leftPoints: [number, number][] = [];
+  const rightPoints: [number, number][] = [];
+
+  for (let i = 1; i < N; i++) {
+    const p0 = points[i - 1];
+    const p1 = points[i];
+    const r0 = baseRadius * getFreeDrawSmoothedPressure(element, i - 1) * 2;
+    const r1 = baseRadius * getFreeDrawSmoothedPressure(element, i) * 2;
+
+    const t0 = freedrawCatmullRomTangent(points, i - 1);
+    const t1 = freedrawCatmullRomTangent(points, i);
+
+    const segLen = Math.sqrt((p1[0] - p0[0]) ** 2 + (p1[1] - p0[1]) ** 2);
+    const nSubdiv = Math.max(
+      1,
+      Math.ceil(segLen / FREEDRAW_BEZIER_SUBDIVIDE_TARGET_SPACING),
+    );
+
+    const cp1x = p0[0] + t0[0] / 3;
+    const cp1y = p0[1] + t0[1] / 3;
+    const cp2x = p1[0] - t1[0] / 3;
+    const cp2y = p1[1] - t1[1] / 3;
+
+    // Include the start point of the first segment.
+    const kStart = i === 1 ? 0 : 1;
+
+    for (let k = kStart; k <= nSubdiv; k++) {
+      const tParam = k / nSubdiv;
+      const mt = 1 - tParam;
+      const mt2 = mt * mt;
+      const t2 = tParam * tParam;
+      const mt3 = mt2 * mt;
+      const t3 = t2 * tParam;
+
+      const x =
+        mt3 * p0[0] + 3 * mt2 * tParam * cp1x + 3 * mt * t2 * cp2x + t3 * p1[0];
+      const y =
+        mt3 * p0[1] + 3 * mt2 * tParam * cp1y + 3 * mt * t2 * cp2y + t3 * p1[1];
+
+      // Bezier first derivative for the tangent direction.
+      const dtx =
+        3 *
+        (mt2 * (cp1x - p0[0]) +
+          2 * mt * tParam * (cp2x - cp1x) +
+          t2 * (p1[0] - cp2x));
+      const dty =
+        3 *
+        (mt2 * (cp1y - p0[1]) +
+          2 * mt * tParam * (cp2y - cp1y) +
+          t2 * (p1[1] - cp2y));
+
+      const len = Math.sqrt(dtx * dtx + dty * dty);
+      if (len === 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Perpendicular (left = +, right = −).
+      const px = -dty / len;
+      const py = dtx / len;
+
+      const r = r0 + (r1 - r0) * tParam;
+
+      leftPoints.push([x + px * r, y + py * r]);
+      rightPoints.push([x - px * r, y - py * r]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Closed polygon: left side (start -> end) + right side (end -> start).
+  return [...leftPoints, ...rightPoints.reverse()];
 };
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

packages/element/src/sortElements.ts

@@ -1,59 +1,56 @@
-import { arrayToMapWithIndex } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";
 
 import type { ExcalidrawElement } from "./types";
 
-const normalizeGroupElementOrder = (elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[]) => {
-  const origElements: ExcalidrawElement[] = elements.slice();
-  const sortedElements = new Set<ExcalidrawElement>();
-
-  const orderInnerGroups = (
-    elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
-  ): ExcalidrawElement[] => {
-    const firstGroupSig = elements[0]?.groupIds?.join("");
-    const aGroup: ExcalidrawElement[] = [elements[0]];
-    const bGroup: ExcalidrawElement[] = [];
-    for (const element of elements.slice(1)) {
-      if (element.groupIds?.join("") === firstGroupSig) {
-        aGroup.push(element);
-      } else {
-        bGroup.push(element);
-      }
-    }
-    return bGroup.length ? [...aGroup, ...orderInnerGroups(bGroup)] : aGroup;
+const defragmentGroups = (elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[]) => {
+  const groupIdAtLevel = (element: ExcalidrawElement, level: number) => {
+    return element.groupIds[element.groupIds.length - level - 1];
   };
 
-  const groupHandledElements = new Map<string, true>();
+  const orderLevel = (
+    levelElements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
+    level: number,
+  ): ExcalidrawElement[] => {
+    const buckets = new Map<string, ExcalidrawElement[]>();
+    // Slots preserve first-occurrence order: a groupId reserves its slot
+    // the first time one of its members is seen; loose elements occupy
+    // their own slot. Groups are then expanded (and recursed into) in place.
+    const slots: (ExcalidrawElement | string)[] = [];
 
-  origElements.forEach((element, idx) => {
-    if (groupHandledElements.has(element.id)) {
-      return;
-    }
-    if (element.groupIds?.length) {
-      const topGroup = element.groupIds[element.groupIds.length - 1];
-      const groupElements = origElements.slice(idx).filter((element) => {
-        const ret = element?.groupIds?.some((id) => id === topGroup);
-        if (ret) {
-          groupHandledElements.set(element!.id, true);
-        }
-        return ret;
-      });
-
-      for (const elem of orderInnerGroups(groupElements)) {
-        sortedElements.add(elem);
+    for (const element of levelElements) {
+      const groupId = groupIdAtLevel(element, level);
+      if (groupId === undefined) {
+        slots.push(element);
+        continue;
       }
-    } else {
-      sortedElements.add(element);
+      let bucket = buckets.get(groupId);
+      if (!bucket) {
+        bucket = [];
+        buckets.set(groupId, bucket);
+        slots.push(groupId);
+      }
+      bucket.push(element);
     }
-  });
+
+    return slots.flatMap((slot) =>
+      typeof slot === "string"
+        ? orderLevel(buckets.get(slot)!, level + 1)
+        : [slot],
+    );
+  };
+
+  // `groupIds` is stored innermost-first, so the outermost group is the
+  // last entry. We recurse from level 0 (outermost) inward.
+  const sortedElements = orderLevel(elements, 0);
 
   // if there's a bug which resulted in losing some of the elements, return
   // original instead as that's better than losing data
-  if (sortedElements.size !== elements.length) {
-    console.error("normalizeGroupElementOrder: lost some elements... bailing!");
+  if (sortedElements.length !== elements.length) {
+    console.error("defragmentGroups: lost some elements... bailing!");
     return elements;
   }
 
-  return [...sortedElements];
+  return sortedElements;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -68,39 +65,40 @@ const normalizeGroupElementOrder = (elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[]) => {
 const normalizeBoundElementsOrder = (
   elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
 ) => {
-  const elementsMap = arrayToMapWithIndex(elements);
+  const elementsMap = arrayToMap(elements);
 
-  const origElements: (ExcalidrawElement | null)[] = elements.slice();
   const sortedElements = new Set<ExcalidrawElement>();
 
-  origElements.forEach((element, idx) => {
-    if (!element) {
-      return;
+  for (const element of elements) {
+    if (sortedElements.has(element)) {
+      continue;
     }
+
     if (element.boundElements?.length) {
       sortedElements.add(element);
-      origElements[idx] = null;
-      element.boundElements.forEach((boundElement) => {
+      for (const boundElement of element.boundElements) {
         const child = elementsMap.get(boundElement.id);
         if (child && boundElement.type === "text") {
-          sortedElements.add(child[0]);
-          origElements[child[1]] = null;
+          sortedElements.add(child);
         }
-      });
-    } else if (element.type === "text" && element.containerId) {
-      const parent = elementsMap.get(element.containerId);
-      if (!parent?.[0].boundElements?.find((x) => x.id === element.id)) {
-        sortedElements.add(element);
-        origElements[idx] = null;
-
-        // if element has a container and container lists it, skip this element
-        // as it'll be taken care of by the container
       }
-    } else {
-      sortedElements.add(element);
-      origElements[idx] = null;
+      continue;
     }
-  });
+
+    // if element has a container and container lists it, skip this element
+    // as it'll be taken care of by the container
+    if (
+      element.type === "text" &&
+      element.containerId &&
+      elementsMap
+        .get(element.containerId)
+        ?.boundElements?.some((el) => el.id === element.id)
+    ) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    sortedElements.add(element);
+  }
 
   // if there's a bug which resulted in losing some of the elements, return
   // original instead as that's better than losing data
@@ -117,5 +115,5 @@ const normalizeBoundElementsOrder = (
 export const normalizeElementOrder = (
   elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
 ) => {
-  return normalizeBoundElementsOrder(normalizeGroupElementOrder(elements));
+  return normalizeBoundElementsOrder(defragmentGroups(elements));
 };

packages/element/src/typeChecks.ts

@@ -392,3 +392,23 @@ export const canBecomePolygon = (
     (points.length === 3 && !pointsEqual(points[0], points[points.length - 1]))
   );
 };
+
+export const isEligibleFrameChildType = (type: ElementOrToolType) => {
+  switch (type) {
+    case "rectangle":
+    case "diamond":
+    case "ellipse":
+    case "arrow":
+    case "line":
+    case "freedraw":
+    case "text":
+    case "image":
+    case "frame":
+    case "embeddable": {
+      return true;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+};

packages/element/tests/collision.test.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { arrayToMap, reseed } from "@excalidraw/common";
 import { type GlobalPoint, type LocalPoint, pointFrom } from "@excalidraw/math";
 import { Excalidraw } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw";
 import { API } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/api";
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { hitElementItself } from "../src/collision";
 describe("check rotated elements can be hit:", () => {
   beforeEach(async () => {
     localStorage.clear();
+    reseed(7);
     await render(<Excalidraw handleKeyboardGlobally={true} />);
   });
 
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ describe("hitElementItself cache", () => {
     });
 
     localStorage.clear();
+    reseed(7);
     await render(<Excalidraw handleKeyboardGlobally={true} />);
   });
 

packages/element/tests/fractionalIndex.test.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 /* eslint-disable no-lone-blocks */
-import { generateKeyBetween } from "fractional-indexing";
-
 import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";
 
 import {
+  InvalidFractionalIndexError,
   syncInvalidIndices,
   syncMovedIndices,
   validateFractionalIndices,
@@ -13,13 +12,34 @@ import { deepCopyElement } from "@excalidraw/element";
 
 import { API } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/api";
 
+import {
+  generateKeyBetween,
+  validateOrderKey,
+} from "@excalidraw/fractional-indexing";
+
 import type {
   ElementsMap,
   ExcalidrawElement,
   FractionalIndex,
 } from "@excalidraw/element/types";
 
-import { InvalidFractionalIndexError } from "../src/fractionalIndex";
+describe("fractional index format validation", () => {
+  it("should reject malformed base62 order keys", () => {
+    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a!")).toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a_")).toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a1!")).toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a1_")).toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateOrderKey("zd0032")).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it("should accept valid base62 order keys", () => {
+    expect(() => validateOrderKey("Zz")).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a0")).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a1")).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a1V")).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateOrderKey("z".padEnd(28, "z"))).not.toThrow();
+  });
+});
 
 describe("sync invalid indices with array order", () => {
   describe("should NOT sync empty array", () => {
@@ -104,6 +124,46 @@ describe("sync invalid indices with array order", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  describe("should sync when fractional index is malformed", () => {
+    // "zd0032" has head "z" which requires length 28 per getIntegerLength,
+    // but the string is far too short, so validateOrderKey throws for it
+    testInvalidIndicesSync({
+      elements: [{ id: "A", index: "zd0032" }],
+      expect: {
+        unchangedElements: [],
+      },
+    });
+
+    testInvalidIndicesSync({
+      elements: [
+        { id: "A", index: "a1" },
+        { id: "B", index: "zd0032" },
+        { id: "C", index: "a3" },
+      ],
+      expect: {
+        unchangedElements: ["A", "C"],
+      },
+    });
+
+    testInvalidIndicesSync({
+      elements: [{ id: "A", index: "a!" }],
+      expect: {
+        unchangedElements: [],
+      },
+    });
+
+    testInvalidIndicesSync({
+      elements: [
+        { id: "A", index: "a1" },
+        { id: "B", index: "a!" },
+        { id: "C", index: "a2" },
+      ],
+      expect: {
+        unchangedElements: ["A", "C"],
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
   describe("should sync when fractional indices are duplicated", () => {
     testInvalidIndicesSync({
       elements: [

packages/element/tests/frame.test.tsx

@@ -2,15 +2,24 @@ import {
   convertToExcalidrawElements,
   Excalidraw,
 } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw";
+import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";
 
 import { API } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/api";
-import { Keyboard, Pointer } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/ui";
+import { Keyboard, Pointer, UI } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/ui";
+import { getTextEditor } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/queries/dom";
 import {
   getCloneByOrigId,
   render,
 } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/test-utils";
 
-import type { ExcalidrawElement } from "../src/types";
+import { getSelectedElements } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/scene";
+
+import { elementOverlapsWithFrame } from "../src/frame";
+
+import type {
+  ExcalidrawElement,
+  ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
+} from "../src/types";
 
 const { h } = window;
 const mouse = new Pointer("mouse");
@@ -125,6 +134,250 @@ describe("adding elements to frames", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("should treat an element fully containing a frame as overlapping the frame", () => {
+    const containingRect = API.createElement({
+      type: "rectangle",
+      x: -50,
+      y: -50,
+      width: 250,
+      height: 250,
+    });
+
+    API.setElements([containingRect, frame]);
+
+    expect(
+      elementOverlapsWithFrame(
+        containingRect,
+        frame as ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
+        arrayToMap(h.elements),
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("should not add a newly created element to a frame behind a non-frame element", () => {
+    const cover = API.createElement({
+      id: "cover",
+      type: "rectangle",
+      x: 10,
+      y: 10,
+      width: 80,
+      height: 80,
+      backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
+    });
+
+    API.setElements([frame, cover]);
+
+    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
+    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
+    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
+    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
+
+    const createdElement = h.elements.find(
+      (element) => element.id !== frame.id && element.id !== cover.id,
+    );
+
+    expect(createdElement?.frameId).toBe(null);
+    expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
+      frame.id,
+      cover.id,
+      createdElement?.id,
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("should add a newly created element to a frame over a non-frame element", () => {
+    const cover = API.createElement({
+      id: "cover",
+      type: "rectangle",
+      x: 10,
+      y: 10,
+      width: 80,
+      height: 80,
+      backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
+    });
+
+    API.setElements([cover, frame]);
+
+    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
+    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
+    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
+    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
+
+    const createdElement = h.elements.find(
+      (element) => element.id !== frame.id && element.id !== cover.id,
+    );
+
+    expect(createdElement?.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+  });
+
+  it("should highlight the target frame while creating a new element", () => {
+    API.setElements([frame]);
+
+    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
+    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
+    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
+
+    expect(h.state.frameToHighlight?.id).toBe(frame.id);
+
+    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
+
+    expect(h.state.frameToHighlight).toBe(null);
+  });
+
+  it("should highlight the target frame while hovering with a creation tool", () => {
+    API.setElements([frame]);
+
+    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
+    mouse.moveTo(20, 20);
+
+    expect(h.state.frameToHighlight?.id).toBe(frame.id);
+
+    mouse.moveTo(200, 200);
+
+    expect(h.state.frameToHighlight).toBe(null);
+  });
+
+  it("should not add grid-snapped text outside the frame to the clicked frame", async () => {
+    const offsetFrame = API.createElement({
+      id: "offsetFrame",
+      type: "frame",
+      x: 10,
+      y: 0,
+      width: 150,
+      height: 150,
+    });
+
+    API.setElements([offsetFrame]);
+    API.setAppState({
+      gridModeEnabled: true,
+    });
+
+    UI.clickTool("text");
+    mouse.clickAt(12, 0);
+
+    await getTextEditor();
+
+    const createdText = h.elements.find(
+      (element) => element.id !== offsetFrame.id,
+    );
+
+    expect(createdText?.x).toBe(0);
+    expect(createdText?.y).toBe(0);
+    expect(createdText?.frameId).toBe(null);
+  });
+
+  it("should add a newly created element to a frame behind another frame", () => {
+    const lockedFrame = API.createElement({
+      id: "lockedFrame",
+      type: "frame",
+      x: 10,
+      y: 10,
+      width: 80,
+      height: 80,
+      locked: true,
+    });
+
+    API.setElements([frame, lockedFrame]);
+
+    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
+    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
+    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
+    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
+
+    const createdElement = h.elements.find(
+      (element) => element.id !== frame.id && element.id !== lockedFrame.id,
+    );
+
+    expect(createdElement?.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+  });
+
+  it("should insert a newly created frame child just below its frame", () => {
+    const frameChildUnderCursor = API.createElement({
+      id: "frameChildUnderCursor",
+      type: "rectangle",
+      x: 10,
+      y: 10,
+      width: 80,
+      height: 80,
+      backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
+      frameId: frame.id,
+    });
+    const otherFrameChild = API.createElement({
+      id: "otherFrameChild",
+      type: "rectangle",
+      x: 100,
+      y: 20,
+      width: 20,
+      height: 20,
+      frameId: frame.id,
+    });
+
+    API.setElements([frameChildUnderCursor, otherFrameChild, frame]);
+
+    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
+    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
+    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
+    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
+
+    const createdElement = h.elements.find(
+      (element) =>
+        element.id !== frame.id &&
+        element.id !== frameChildUnderCursor.id &&
+        element.id !== otherFrameChild.id,
+    );
+
+    expect(createdElement?.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+    expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
+      frameChildUnderCursor.id,
+      otherFrameChild.id,
+      createdElement?.id,
+      frame.id,
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("should insert a newly created frame child above the highest frame child", () => {
+    const frameChildUnderCursor = API.createElement({
+      id: "frameChildUnderCursor",
+      type: "rectangle",
+      x: 10,
+      y: 10,
+      width: 80,
+      height: 80,
+      backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
+      frameId: frame.id,
+    });
+    const otherFrameChild = API.createElement({
+      id: "otherFrameChild",
+      type: "rectangle",
+      x: 100,
+      y: 20,
+      width: 20,
+      height: 20,
+      frameId: frame.id,
+    });
+
+    API.setElements([frame, frameChildUnderCursor, otherFrameChild]);
+
+    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
+    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
+    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
+    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
+
+    const createdElement = h.elements.find(
+      (element) =>
+        element.id !== frame.id &&
+        element.id !== frameChildUnderCursor.id &&
+        element.id !== otherFrameChild.id,
+    );
+
+    expect(createdElement?.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+    expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
+      frame.id,
+      frameChildUnderCursor.id,
+      otherFrameChild.id,
+      createdElement?.id,
+    ]);
+  });
+
   const commonTestCases = async (
     func: typeof resizeFrameOverElement | typeof dragElementIntoFrame,
   ) => {
@@ -415,6 +668,345 @@ describe("adding elements to frames", () => {
   describe("dragging elements into the frame", async () => {
     await commonTestCases(dragElementIntoFrame);
 
+    it("should add a dragged element fully containing the frame", () => {
+      const containingRect = API.createElement({
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 220,
+        y: 20,
+        width: 300,
+        height: 300,
+      });
+
+      API.setElements([frame, containingRect]);
+
+      dragElementIntoFrame(frame, containingRect);
+
+      expect(API.getElement(containingRect).frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+    });
+
+    it("should drag an element into a frame", () => {
+      API.setElements([rect2, frame]);
+
+      dragElementIntoFrame(frame, rect2);
+
+      expect(rect2.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+    });
+
+    it("should layer a dragged element above the highest frame child", () => {
+      const frameChild = API.createElement({
+        id: "frameChild",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+        frameId: frame.id,
+      });
+
+      API.setElements([frame, frameChild, rect2]);
+
+      dragElementIntoFrame(frame, rect2);
+
+      expect(rect2.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
+        frame.id,
+        frameChild.id,
+        rect2.id,
+      ]);
+      expect(rect2.index! > frameChild.index!).toBe(true);
+      expect(rect2.index! > frame.index!).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("should preview a dragged element above the highest frame child before pointerup", () => {
+      const frameChild = API.createElement({
+        id: "frameChild",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+        frameId: frame.id,
+      });
+
+      API.setElements([rect2, frame, frameChild]);
+      API.setSelectedElements([rect2]);
+      API.updateElement(rect2, {
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10,
+      });
+
+      const getRenderableElementIds = (
+        selectedElementsAreBeingDragged: boolean,
+      ) => {
+        return h.app.renderer
+          .getRenderableElements({
+            zoom: h.state.zoom,
+            offsetLeft: 0,
+            offsetTop: 0,
+            scrollX: 0,
+            scrollY: 0,
+            height: 1000,
+            width: 1000,
+            editingTextElement: h.state.editingTextElement,
+            newElement: h.state.newElement,
+            selectedElements: getSelectedElements(h.elements, h.state),
+            selectedElementsAreBeingDragged,
+            frameToHighlight: frame as ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
+          })
+          .visibleElements.map((element) => element.id);
+      };
+
+      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
+        rect2.id,
+        frame.id,
+        frameChild.id,
+      ]);
+      expect(getRenderableElementIds(false)).toEqual([
+        rect2.id,
+        frame.id,
+        frameChild.id,
+      ]);
+      expect(getRenderableElementIds(true)).toEqual([
+        frame.id,
+        frameChild.id,
+        rect2.id,
+      ]);
+      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
+        rect2.id,
+        frame.id,
+        frameChild.id,
+      ]);
+      expect(rect2.frameId).toBe(null);
+    });
+
+    it("should not preview reorder dragged elements already in the highlighted frame", () => {
+      const frameChild = API.createElement({
+        id: "frameChild",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+        frameId: frame.id,
+      });
+      const otherFrameChild = API.createElement({
+        id: "otherFrameChild",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 40,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+        frameId: frame.id,
+      });
+
+      API.setElements([frameChild, frame, otherFrameChild]);
+      API.setSelectedElements([frameChild]);
+
+      const renderableElementIds = h.app.renderer
+        .getRenderableElements({
+          zoom: h.state.zoom,
+          offsetLeft: 0,
+          offsetTop: 0,
+          scrollX: 0,
+          scrollY: 0,
+          height: 1000,
+          width: 1000,
+          editingTextElement: h.state.editingTextElement,
+          newElement: h.state.newElement,
+          selectedElements: getSelectedElements(h.elements, h.state),
+          selectedElementsAreBeingDragged: true,
+          frameToHighlight: frame as ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
+        })
+        .visibleElements.map((element) => element.id);
+
+      expect(renderableElementIds).toEqual([
+        frameChild.id,
+        frame.id,
+        otherFrameChild.id,
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it("should put a dragged mixed selection above the highest frame child", () => {
+      const frameChild = API.createElement({
+        id: "frameChild",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 50,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+        frameId: frame.id,
+        boundElements: [{ id: "boundText", type: "text" }],
+      });
+      const boundText = API.createElement({
+        id: "boundText",
+        type: "text",
+        x: 50,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+        containerId: frameChild.id,
+        frameId: frame.id,
+      });
+      const otherFrameChild = API.createElement({
+        id: "otherFrameChild",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 80,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+        frameId: frame.id,
+      });
+      const nonFrameElement = API.createElement({
+        id: "nonFrameElement",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 155,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+      });
+
+      API.setElements([
+        frame,
+        frameChild,
+        boundText,
+        otherFrameChild,
+        nonFrameElement,
+      ]);
+      API.setSelectedElements([frameChild, nonFrameElement]);
+
+      mouse.downAt(
+        nonFrameElement.x + nonFrameElement.width / 2,
+        nonFrameElement.y + nonFrameElement.height / 2,
+      );
+      mouse.moveTo(frame.x + frame.width - 5, nonFrameElement.y + 10);
+      mouse.up();
+
+      expect(frameChild.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(boundText.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(nonFrameElement.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
+        frame.id,
+        otherFrameChild.id,
+        frameChild.id,
+        boundText.id,
+        nonFrameElement.id,
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it("should not reorder dragged elements already in the highlighted frame", () => {
+      const frameChild = API.createElement({
+        id: "frameChild",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 50,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+        frameId: frame.id,
+      });
+      const otherFrameChild = API.createElement({
+        id: "otherFrameChild",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 80,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+        frameId: frame.id,
+      });
+
+      API.setElements([frame, frameChild, otherFrameChild]);
+      API.setSelectedElements([frameChild]);
+
+      mouse.downAt(
+        frameChild.x + frameChild.width / 2,
+        frameChild.y + frameChild.height / 2,
+      );
+      mouse.moveTo(frameChild.x + frameChild.width / 2 + 5, frameChild.y + 10);
+      mouse.up();
+
+      expect(frameChild.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
+        frame.id,
+        frameChild.id,
+        otherFrameChild.id,
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it("should not drag an element into a frame behind a non-frame element", () => {
+      const cover = API.createElement({
+        id: "cover",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 80,
+        height: 80,
+        backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
+      });
+      API.setElements([frame, cover, rect2]);
+
+      mouse.clickAt(rect2.x, rect2.y);
+      mouse.downAt(rect2.x + rect2.width / 2, rect2.y + rect2.height / 2);
+      mouse.moveTo(20, 20);
+      mouse.upAt(20, 20);
+
+      expect(rect2.frameId).toBe(null);
+    });
+
+    it("should drag an element into a frame over a non-frame element", () => {
+      const cover = API.createElement({
+        id: "cover",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 80,
+        height: 80,
+        backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
+      });
+      API.setElements([cover, rect2, frame]);
+
+      mouse.clickAt(rect2.x, rect2.y);
+      mouse.downAt(rect2.x + rect2.width / 2, rect2.y + rect2.height / 2);
+      mouse.moveTo(20, 20);
+      mouse.upAt(20, 20);
+
+      expect(rect2.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+    });
+
+    it("should keep dragging a frame child over a non-frame element above its frame", () => {
+      const cover = API.createElement({
+        id: "cover",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10,
+        width: 80,
+        height: 80,
+        backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
+      });
+      const frameChild = API.createElement({
+        id: "frameChild",
+        type: "rectangle",
+        x: 100,
+        y: 20,
+        width: 20,
+        height: 20,
+        frameId: frame.id,
+      });
+
+      API.setElements([frameChild, frame, cover]);
+      API.setSelectedElements([frameChild]);
+
+      mouse.downAt(
+        frameChild.x + frameChild.width / 2,
+        frameChild.y + frameChild.height / 2,
+      );
+      mouse.moveTo(20, 20);
+
+      expect(h.state.frameToHighlight?.id).toBe(frame.id);
+
+      mouse.upAt(20, 20);
+
+      expect(frameChild.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+    });
+
     it.skip("should drag element inside, duplicate it and keep it in frame", () => {
       API.setElements([frame, rect2]);
 

packages/element/tests/sortElements.test.ts

@@ -326,19 +326,59 @@ describe("normalizeElementsOrder", () => {
       ]),
       [
         "BA_rect1",
+        "CBA_rect3",
+        "CBA_rect7",
         "BA_rect5",
         "BA_rect6",
         "A_rect2",
         "A_rect5",
-        "CBA_rect3",
-        "CBA_rect7",
         "rect4",
         "X_rect8",
-        "X_rect11",
         "YX_rect10",
+        "X_rect11",
         "rect9",
       ],
     );
+    assertOrder(
+      normalizeElementOrder([
+        API.createElement({
+          id: "A_rect1",
+          type: "rectangle",
+          groupIds: ["A"],
+        }),
+        API.createElement({
+          id: "CBA_rect2",
+          type: "rectangle",
+          groupIds: ["C", "B", "A"],
+        }),
+        API.createElement({
+          id: "A_rect3",
+          type: "rectangle",
+          groupIds: ["A"],
+        }),
+      ]),
+      ["A_rect1", "CBA_rect2", "A_rect3"],
+    );
+    assertOrder(
+      normalizeElementOrder([
+        API.createElement({
+          id: "abcT_rect1",
+          type: "rectangle",
+          groupIds: ["ab", "c", "T"],
+        }),
+        API.createElement({
+          id: "abcT_rect2",
+          type: "rectangle",
+          groupIds: ["a", "bc", "T"],
+        }),
+        API.createElement({
+          id: "abcT_rect3",
+          type: "rectangle",
+          groupIds: ["ab", "c", "T"],
+        }),
+      ]),
+      ["abcT_rect1", "abcT_rect3", "abcT_rect2"],
+    );
   });
 
   // TODO

packages/excalidraw/actions/actionDeselect.ts

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ export const actionDeselect = register({
           selectionElement: null,
           showHyperlinkPopup: false,
           suggestedBinding: null,
+          frameToHighlight: null,
         },
         captureUpdate: CaptureUpdateAction.IMMEDIATELY,
       };
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@ export const actionDeselect = register({
         selectionElement: null,
         showHyperlinkPopup: false,
         suggestedBinding: null,
+        frameToHighlight: null,
       },
       captureUpdate: CaptureUpdateAction.IMMEDIATELY,
     };

packages/excalidraw/actions/actionFinalize.tsx

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import {
   isLineElement,
 } from "@excalidraw/element";
 
+import { invalidateFreeDrawIncrementalCanvas } from "@excalidraw/element";
+
 import {
   KEYS,
   arrayToMap,
@@ -313,6 +315,10 @@ export const actionFinalize = register<FormData>({
         }
       : selectedLinearElement;
 
+    if (element && isFreeDrawElement(element)) {
+      invalidateFreeDrawIncrementalCanvas(element);
+    }
+
     return {
       elements: newElements,
       appState: {
@@ -329,8 +335,8 @@ export const actionFinalize = register<FormData>({
         selectionElement: null,
         multiElement: null,
         editingTextElement: null,
-        startBoundElement: null,
         suggestedBinding: null,
+        frameToHighlight: null,
         selectedElementIds:
           element &&
           !appState.activeTool.locked &&

packages/excalidraw/actions/actionFrame.ts

@@ -205,7 +205,6 @@ export const actionWrapSelectionInFrame = register({
       [...app.scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted(), frame],
       selectedElements,
       frame,
-      appState,
     );
 
     return {

packages/excalidraw/actions/actionGroup.tsx

@@ -277,7 +277,6 @@ export const actionUngroup = register({
             elementsMap,
           ),
           frame,
-          app,
         );
       }
     });

packages/excalidraw/actions/actionHistory.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import {
-  isWindows,
   KEYS,
   matchKey,
   arrayToMap,
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ export const createRedoAction: ActionCreator = (history) => ({
     ),
   keyTest: (event) =>
     (event[KEYS.CTRL_OR_CMD] && event.shiftKey && matchKey(event, KEYS.Z)) ||
-    (isWindows && event.ctrlKey && !event.shiftKey && matchKey(event, KEYS.Y)),
+    (event[KEYS.CTRL_OR_CMD] && !event.shiftKey && matchKey(event, KEYS.Y)),
   PanelComponent: ({ appState, updateData, data, app }) => {
     const { isRedoStackEmpty } = useEmitter(
       history.onHistoryChangedEmitter,

packages/excalidraw/actions/actionProperties.tsx

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import clsx from "clsx";
+
 import { pointFrom } from "@excalidraw/math";
 
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ import {
   isArrowElement,
   isBoundToContainer,
   isElbowArrow,
+  isFreeDrawElement,
   isLinearElement,
   isLineElement,
   isTextElement,
@@ -131,6 +134,8 @@ import {
   ArrowheadCardinalityOneOrManyIcon,
   ArrowheadCardinalityZeroOrManyIcon,
   ArrowheadCardinalityZeroOrOneIcon,
+  FreedrawPressureConstantIcon,
+  FreedrawPressureSensitiveIcon,
 } from "../components/icons";
 
 import { Fonts } from "../fonts";
@@ -2041,3 +2046,89 @@ export const actionChangeArrowType = register<keyof typeof ARROW_TYPE>({
     );
   },
 });
+
+export const actionChangeStrokeShape = register<boolean>({
+  name: "changeStrokeShape",
+  label: "labels.strokeShape",
+  trackEvent: false,
+  perform: (elements, appState, value) => {
+    return {
+      elements: changeProperty(elements, appState, (el) => {
+        if (isFreeDrawElement(el)) {
+          return newElementWith(el, {
+            simulatePressure: value,
+          });
+        }
+        return el;
+      }),
+      appState: { ...appState, currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure: value },
+      captureUpdate: CaptureUpdateAction.IMMEDIATELY,
+    };
+  },
+  PanelComponent: ({ elements, appState, updateData, app }) => {
+    const { isCompact } = getStylesPanelInfo(app);
+
+    const currentValue = getFormValue(
+      elements,
+      app,
+      (element) => {
+        if (isFreeDrawElement(element)) {
+          return element.simulatePressure;
+        }
+        return null;
+      },
+      (element) => isFreeDrawElement(element),
+      (hasSelection) =>
+        hasSelection ? null : appState.currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure,
+    );
+
+    if (isCompact) {
+      const isConstantPressure = currentValue !== false;
+      return (
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          className={clsx("compact-action-button", {
+            active: !isConstantPressure,
+          })}
+          title={
+            isConstantPressure
+              ? t("labels.strokeShape_constant")
+              : t("labels.strokeShape_pressure")
+          }
+          onClick={() => updateData(!isConstantPressure)}
+        >
+          {isConstantPressure
+            ? FreedrawPressureConstantIcon
+            : FreedrawPressureSensitiveIcon}
+        </button>
+      );
+    }
+
+    return (
+      <fieldset>
+        <legend>{t("labels.strokeShape")}</legend>
+        <div className="buttonList">
+          <RadioSelection
+            group="stroke-shape"
+            options={[
+              {
+                value: true,
+                text: t("labels.strokeShape_constant"),
+                icon: FreedrawPressureConstantIcon,
+                testId: "strokeShape-constant",
+              },
+              {
+                value: false,
+                text: t("labels.strokeShape_pressure"),
+                icon: FreedrawPressureSensitiveIcon,
+                testId: "strokeShape-pressure",
+              },
+            ]}
+            value={currentValue}
+            onChange={(value) => updateData(value)}
+          />
+        </div>
+      </fieldset>
+    );
+  },
+});

packages/excalidraw/actions/index.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ export {
   actionChangeTextAlign,
   actionChangeVerticalAlign,
   actionChangeArrowProperties,
+  actionChangeStrokeShape,
 } from "./actionProperties";
 
 export {

packages/excalidraw/animatedTrail.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { LaserPointer } from "@excalidraw/laser-pointer";
-
 import {
   SVG_NS,
   getSvgPathFromStroke,
@@ -8,7 +7,8 @@ import {
 
 import type { LaserPointerOptions } from "@excalidraw/laser-pointer";
 
-import type { AnimationFrameHandler } from "./animation-frame-handler";
+import { AnimationController } from "./renderer/animation";
+
 import type App from "./components/App";
 import type { AppState } from "./types";
 
@@ -34,15 +34,16 @@ export class AnimatedTrail implements Trail {
   private container?: SVGSVGElement;
   private trailElement: SVGPathElement;
   private trailAnimation?: SVGAnimateElement;
+  private key: string;
+
+  private static counter = 0;
 
   constructor(
-    private animationFrameHandler: AnimationFrameHandler,
     protected app: App,
     private options: Partial<LaserPointerOptions> &
       Partial<AnimatedTrailOptions>,
   ) {
-    this.animationFrameHandler.register(this, this.onFrame.bind(this));
-
+    this.key = `animated-trail-${AnimatedTrail.counter++}`;
     this.trailElement = document.createElementNS(SVG_NS, "path");
     if (this.options.animateTrail) {
       this.trailAnimation = document.createElementNS(SVG_NS, "animate");
@@ -73,6 +74,15 @@ export class AnimatedTrail implements Trail {
     return false;
   }
 
+  private cleanup() {
+    this.pastTrails = [];
+    this.currentTrail = undefined;
+
+    if (this.trailElement.parentNode === this.container) {
+      this.container?.removeChild(this.trailElement);
+    }
+  }
+
   start(container?: SVGSVGElement) {
     if (container) {
       this.container = container;
@@ -82,15 +92,23 @@ export class AnimatedTrail implements Trail {
       this.container.appendChild(this.trailElement);
     }
 
-    this.animationFrameHandler.start(this);
+    if (!AnimationController.running(this.key)) {
+      AnimationController.start(this.key, () => {
+        const needsNext = this.onFrame();
+        if (needsNext) {
+          return { keep: true };
+        }
+
+        this.cleanup();
+
+        return null;
+      });
+    }
   }
 
   stop() {
-    this.animationFrameHandler.stop(this);
-
-    if (this.trailElement.parentNode === this.container) {
-      this.container?.removeChild(this.trailElement);
-    }
+    AnimationController.cancel(this.key);
+    this.cleanup();
   }
 
   startPath(x: number, y: number) {
@@ -145,21 +163,25 @@ export class AnimatedTrail implements Trail {
 
     if (this.currentTrail) {
       const currentPath = this.drawTrail(this.currentTrail, this.app.state);
-
       paths.push(currentPath);
     }
 
-    this.pastTrails = this.pastTrails.filter((trail) => {
-      return trail.getStrokeOutline().length !== 0;
-    });
+    this.pastTrails = this.pastTrails.filter(
+      (t) =>
+        t.getStrokeOutline(t.options.size / this.app.state.zoom.value)
+          .length !== 0,
+    );
 
     if (paths.length === 0) {
-      this.stop();
+      // Clean up the SVG path if there are no trails to render
+      this.trailElement.setAttribute("d", "");
+
+      return false;
     }
 
     const svgPaths = paths.join(" ").trim();
-
     this.trailElement.setAttribute("d", svgPaths);
+
     if (this.trailAnimation) {
       this.trailElement.setAttribute(
         "fill",
@@ -175,6 +197,8 @@ export class AnimatedTrail implements Trail {
         (this.options.fill ?? (() => "black"))(this),
       );
     }
+
+    return true;
   }
 
   private drawTrail(trail: LaserPointer, state: AppState): string {

packages/excalidraw/animation-frame-handler.ts

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-export type AnimationCallback = (timestamp: number) => void | boolean;
-
-export type AnimationTarget = {
-  callback: AnimationCallback;
-  stopped: boolean;
-};
-
-export class AnimationFrameHandler {
-  private targets = new WeakMap<object, AnimationTarget>();
-  private rafIds = new WeakMap<object, number>();
-
-  register(key: object, callback: AnimationCallback) {
-    this.targets.set(key, { callback, stopped: true });
-  }
-
-  start(key: object) {
-    const target = this.targets.get(key);
-
-    if (!target) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (this.rafIds.has(key)) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    this.targets.set(key, { ...target, stopped: false });
-    this.scheduleFrame(key);
-  }
-
-  stop(key: object) {
-    const target = this.targets.get(key);
-    if (target && !target.stopped) {
-      this.targets.set(key, { ...target, stopped: true });
-    }
-
-    this.cancelFrame(key);
-  }
-
-  private constructFrame(key: object): FrameRequestCallback {
-    return (timestamp: number) => {
-      const target = this.targets.get(key);
-
-      if (!target) {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const shouldAbort = this.onFrame(target, timestamp);
-
-      if (!target.stopped && !shouldAbort) {
-        this.scheduleFrame(key);
-      } else {
-        this.cancelFrame(key);
-      }
-    };
-  }
-
-  private scheduleFrame(key: object) {
-    const rafId = requestAnimationFrame(this.constructFrame(key));
-
-    this.rafIds.set(key, rafId);
-  }
-
-  private cancelFrame(key: object) {
-    if (this.rafIds.has(key)) {
-      const rafId = this.rafIds.get(key)!;
-
-      cancelAnimationFrame(rafId);
-    }
-
-    this.rafIds.delete(key);
-  }
-
-  private onFrame(target: AnimationTarget, timestamp: number): boolean {
-    const shouldAbort = target.callback(timestamp);
-
-    return shouldAbort ?? false;
-  }
-}

packages/excalidraw/appState.ts

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ export const getDefaultAppState = (): Omit<
     currentItemArrowType: ARROW_TYPE.round,
     currentItemStrokeStyle: DEFAULT_ELEMENT_PROPS.strokeStyle,
     currentItemStrokeWidth: DEFAULT_ELEMENT_PROPS.strokeWidth,
+    currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure: true,
     currentItemTextAlign: DEFAULT_TEXT_ALIGN,
     currentHoveredFontFamily: null,
     cursorButton: "up",
@@ -99,7 +100,6 @@ export const getDefaultAppState = (): Omit<
       open: false,
       panels: STATS_PANELS.generalStats | STATS_PANELS.elementProperties,
     },
-    startBoundElement: null,
     suggestedBinding: null,
     frameRendering: { enabled: true, clip: true, name: true, outline: true },
     frameToHighlight: null,
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ export const getDefaultAppState = (): Omit<
     lockedMultiSelections: {},
     activeLockedId: null,
     bindMode: "orbit",
+    boxSelectionMode: "contain",
   };
 };
 
@@ -171,6 +172,11 @@ const APP_STATE_STORAGE_CONF = (<
   currentItemStrokeColor: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
   currentItemStrokeStyle: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
   currentItemStrokeWidth: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
+  currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure: {
+    browser: true,
+    export: false,
+    server: false,
+  },
   currentItemTextAlign: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
   currentHoveredFontFamily: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
   cursorButton: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
@@ -193,6 +199,7 @@ const APP_STATE_STORAGE_CONF = (<
   gridModeEnabled: { browser: true, export: true, server: true },
   height: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
   isBindingEnabled: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
+  boxSelectionMode: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
   bindingPreference: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
   isMidpointSnappingEnabled: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
   defaultSidebarDockedPreference: {
@@ -229,7 +236,6 @@ const APP_STATE_STORAGE_CONF = (<
   selectionElement: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
   shouldCacheIgnoreZoom: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
   stats: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
-  startBoundElement: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
   suggestedBinding: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
   frameRendering: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
   frameToHighlight: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },

packages/excalidraw/components/Actions.tsx

@@ -834,6 +834,14 @@ export const CompactShapeActions = ({
         container={container}
       />
 
+      {/* Stroke Shape Toggle (freedraw only) */}
+      {(appState.activeTool.type === "freedraw" ||
+        targetElements.some((element) => element.type === "freedraw")) && (
+        <div className="compact-action-item">
+          {renderAction("changeStrokeShape")}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
       <CombinedArrowProperties
         appState={appState}
         renderAction={renderAction}
@@ -969,6 +977,13 @@ export const MobileShapeActions = ({
           targetElements={targetElements}
           container={container}
         />
+        {/* Stroke Shape Toggle (freedraw only) */}
+        {(appState.activeTool.type === "freedraw" ||
+          targetElements.some((element) => element.type === "freedraw")) && (
+          <div className="compact-action-item">
+            {renderAction("changeStrokeShape")}
+          </div>
+        )}
         {/* Combined Arrow Properties */}
         <CombinedArrowProperties
           appState={appState}

packages/excalidraw/components/LayerUI.tsx

@@ -650,8 +650,7 @@ const LayerUI = ({
 };
 
 const stripIrrelevantAppStateProps = (appState: AppState): UIAppState => {
-  const { startBoundElement, cursorButton, scrollX, scrollY, ...ret } =
-    appState;
+  const { cursorButton, scrollX, scrollY, ...ret } = appState;
   return ret;
 };
 

packages/excalidraw/components/LibraryMenuItems.tsx

@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ export default function LibraryMenuItems({
             type: "everything",
             elements: item.elements,
             randomizeSeed: true,
+            preserveFrameChildrenOrder: true,
           }).duplicatedElements,
         };
       });

packages/excalidraw/components/RadioGroup.scss

@@ -26,13 +26,16 @@
     background: var(--RadioGroup-background);
     border: 1px solid var(--RadioGroup-border);
 
+    gap: 2px;
+
     &__choice {
       position: relative;
       display: flex;
       align-items: center;
       justify-content: center;
-      width: 32px;
+      min-width: 20px;
       height: 24px;
+      padding: 0 0.375rem;
 
       color: var(--RadioGroup-choice-color-off);
       background: var(--RadioGroup-choice-background-off);

packages/excalidraw/components/SVGLayer.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
 
 import "./SVGLayer.scss";
 
-import type { Trail } from "../animated-trail";
+import type { Trail } from "../animatedTrail";
 
 type SVGLayerProps = {
   trails: Trail[];

packages/excalidraw/components/Stats/Dimension.tsx

@@ -206,7 +206,6 @@ const handleDimensionChange: DragInputCallbackType<
           scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted(),
           nextElementsInFrame,
           latestElement,
-          app,
         );
 
         scene.replaceAllElements(updatedElements);
@@ -302,7 +301,6 @@ const handleDragFinished: DragFinishedCallbackType = ({
       app.scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted(),
       nextElementsInFrame,
       latestElement,
-      app,
     );
 
     app.scene.replaceAllElements(updatedElements);

packages/excalidraw/components/Stats/MultiDimension.tsx

@@ -261,7 +261,6 @@ const handleDimensionChange: DragInputCallbackType<
               scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted(),
               nextElementsInFrame,
               latestElement,
-              app,
             );
 
             scene.replaceAllElements(updatedElements);
@@ -416,7 +415,6 @@ const handleDragFinished: DragFinishedCallbackType = ({
       app.scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted(),
       nextElementsInFrame,
       latestElement,
-      app,
     );
 
     app.scene.replaceAllElements(updatedElements);

packages/excalidraw/components/Stats/stats.test.tsx

@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ describe("frame resizing behavior", () => {
       x: 0,
       y: 0,
       width: 100,
-      height: 100,
+      height: 103,
     });
 
     // Create a rectangle outside the frame

packages/excalidraw/components/canvases/InteractiveCanvas.tsx

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ type InteractiveCanvasProps = {
   visibleElements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
   selectedElements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
   allElementsMap: NonDeletedSceneElementsMap;
-  sceneNonce: number | undefined;
+  canvasNonce: string;
   selectionNonce: number | undefined;
   scale: number;
   appState: InteractiveCanvasAppState;
@@ -279,10 +279,10 @@ const areEqual = (
   // This could be further optimised if needed, as we don't have to render interactive canvas on each scene mutation
   if (
     prevProps.selectionNonce !== nextProps.selectionNonce ||
-    prevProps.sceneNonce !== nextProps.sceneNonce ||
+    prevProps.canvasNonce !== nextProps.canvasNonce ||
     prevProps.scale !== nextProps.scale ||
     // we need to memoize on elementsMap because they may have renewed
-    // even if sceneNonce didn't change (e.g. we filter elements out based
+    // even if canvasNonce didn't change (e.g. we filter elements out based
     // on appState)
     prevProps.elementsMap !== nextProps.elementsMap ||
     prevProps.visibleElements !== nextProps.visibleElements ||

packages/excalidraw/components/canvases/NewElementCanvas.tsx

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import type { RoughCanvas } from "roughjs/bin/canvas";
 
 interface NewElementCanvasProps {
   appState: AppState;
+  newElement: NonNullable<AppState["newElement"]>;
   elementsMap: RenderableElementsMap;
   allElementsMap: NonDeletedSceneElementsMap;
   scale: number;
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ const NewElementCanvas = (props: NewElementCanvasProps) => {
       {
         canvas: canvasRef.current,
         scale: props.scale,
-        newElement: props.appState.newElement,
+        newElement: props.newElement,
         elementsMap: props.elementsMap,
         allElementsMap: props.allElementsMap,
         rc: props.rc,

packages/excalidraw/components/canvases/StaticCanvas.tsx

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ type StaticCanvasProps = {
   elementsMap: RenderableElementsMap;
   allElementsMap: NonDeletedSceneElementsMap;
   visibleElements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
-  sceneNonce: number | undefined;
+  canvasNonce: string;
   selectionNonce: number | undefined;
   scale: number;
   appState: StaticCanvasAppState;
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@ const areEqual = (
   nextProps: StaticCanvasProps,
 ) => {
   if (
-    prevProps.sceneNonce !== nextProps.sceneNonce ||
+    prevProps.canvasNonce !== nextProps.canvasNonce ||
     prevProps.scale !== nextProps.scale ||
     // we need to memoize on elementsMap because they may have renewed
-    // even if sceneNonce didn't change (e.g. we filter elements out based
+    // even if canvasNonce didn't change (e.g. we filter elements out based
     // on appState)
     prevProps.elementsMap !== nextProps.elementsMap ||
     prevProps.visibleElements !== nextProps.visibleElements

packages/excalidraw/components/dropdownMenu/DropdownMenu.scss

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 .excalidraw {
   .dropdown-menu {
-    max-width: 16rem;
+    max-width: 20rem;
     z-index: 1;
 
     &--placement-top {

packages/excalidraw/components/dropdownMenu/DropdownMenuItemContentRadio.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEditorInterface } from "../App";
+import { Ellipsify } from "../Ellipsify";
 import { RadioGroup } from "../RadioGroup";
 
 type Props<T> = {
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ type Props<T> = {
   onChange: (value: T) => void;
   children: React.ReactNode;
   name: string;
+  icon?: React.ReactNode;
 };
 
 const DropdownMenuItemContentRadio = <T,>({
@@ -21,13 +23,17 @@ const DropdownMenuItemContentRadio = <T,>({
   choices,
   children,
   name,
+  icon,
 }: Props<T>) => {
   const editorInterface = useEditorInterface();
 
   return (
     <>
       <div className="dropdown-menu-item-base dropdown-menu-item-bare">
-        <label className="dropdown-menu-item__text">{children}</label>
+        {icon && <div className="dropdown-menu-item__icon">{icon}</div>}
+        <label className="dropdown-menu-item__text">
+          <Ellipsify>{children}</Ellipsify>
+        </label>
         <RadioGroup
           name={name}
           value={value}

packages/excalidraw/components/icons.tsx

@@ -1186,6 +1186,26 @@ export const StrokeWidthExtraBoldIcon = createIcon(
   modifiedTablerIconProps,
 );
 
+export const FreedrawPressureConstantIcon = createIcon(
+  <path
+    d="M4 10h12"
+    stroke="currentColor"
+    strokeWidth="3"
+    strokeLinecap="round"
+    strokeLinejoin="round"
+  />,
+  modifiedTablerIconProps,
+);
+
+export const FreedrawPressureSensitiveIcon = createIcon(
+  <path
+    d="M4 10C6 9.5 10 8 16 7L16 13C10 12 6 10.5 4 10Z"
+    fill="currentColor"
+    stroke="none"
+  />,
+  modifiedTablerIconProps,
+);
+
 export const StrokeStyleSolidIcon = React.memo(({ theme }: { theme: Theme }) =>
   createIcon(
     <path

packages/excalidraw/components/main-menu/DefaultItems.tsx

@@ -39,7 +39,13 @@ import DropdownMenuItemCheckbox from "../dropdownMenu/DropdownMenuItemCheckbox";
 import DropdownMenuItemContentRadio from "../dropdownMenu/DropdownMenuItemContentRadio";
 import DropdownMenuItemLink from "../dropdownMenu/DropdownMenuItemLink";
 import DropdownMenuSub from "../dropdownMenu/DropdownMenuSub";
-import { GithubIcon, DiscordIcon, XBrandIcon, settingsIcon } from "../icons";
+import {
+  GithubIcon,
+  DiscordIcon,
+  XBrandIcon,
+  settingsIcon,
+  emptyIcon,
+} from "../icons";
 import {
   boltIcon,
   DeviceDesktopIcon,
@@ -427,6 +433,39 @@ const PreferencesToggleToolLockItem = () => {
   );
 };
 
+const PreferencesBoxSelectionModeItem = () => {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const appState = useUIAppState();
+  const setAppState = useExcalidrawSetAppState();
+
+  return (
+    <DropdownMenuItemContentRadio<"contain" | "overlap">
+      name="boxSelectionMode"
+      icon={emptyIcon}
+      value={appState.boxSelectionMode}
+      onChange={(value) => {
+        setAppState({
+          boxSelectionMode: value,
+        });
+      }}
+      choices={[
+        {
+          value: "contain",
+          label: t("labels.boxSelectionContain"),
+          ariaLabel: t("labels.boxSelectionContain"),
+        },
+        {
+          value: "overlap",
+          label: t("labels.boxSelectionOverlap"),
+          ariaLabel: t("labels.boxSelectionOverlap"),
+        },
+      ]}
+    >
+      {t("labels.boxSelectionMode")}
+    </DropdownMenuItemContentRadio>
+  );
+};
+
 const PreferencesToggleSnapModeItem = () => {
   const { t } = useI18n();
   const actionManager = useExcalidrawActionManager();
@@ -568,6 +607,7 @@ export const Preferences = ({
       <DropdownMenuSub.Content className="excalidraw-main-menu-preferences-submenu">
         {children || (
           <>
+            <PreferencesBoxSelectionModeItem />
             <PreferencesToggleToolLockItem />
             <PreferencesToggleSnapModeItem />
             <PreferencesToggleGridModeItem />
@@ -585,6 +625,7 @@ export const Preferences = ({
 };
 
 Preferences.ToggleToolLock = PreferencesToggleToolLockItem;
+Preferences.BoxSelectionMode = PreferencesBoxSelectionModeItem;
 Preferences.ToggleSnapMode = PreferencesToggleSnapModeItem;
 Preferences.ToggleArrowBinding = PreferencesToggleArrowBindingItem;
 Preferences.ToggleMidpointSnapping = PreferencesToggleMidpointSnappingItem;

packages/excalidraw/components/shapes.tsx

@@ -119,15 +119,12 @@ export const SHAPES = [
 export const getToolbarTools = (app: AppClassProperties) => {
   return app.state.preferredSelectionTool.type === "lasso"
     ? ([
+        SHAPES[0],
         {
+          ...SHAPES[1],
           value: "lasso",
-          icon: SelectionIcon,
-          key: KEYS.V,
-          numericKey: KEYS["1"],
-          fillable: true,
-          toolbar: true,
         },
-        ...SHAPES.slice(1),
+        ...SHAPES.slice(2),
       ] as const)
     : SHAPES;
 };

packages/excalidraw/css/styles.scss

@@ -814,6 +814,14 @@ body.excalidraw-cursor-resize * {
   .excalidraw__embeddable__outer {
     width: 100%;
     height: 100%;
+  }
+
+  .excalidraw__embeddable__content {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 100%;
+    transform-origin: top left;
+
+    &,
     & > * {
       border-radius: var(--embeddable-radius);
     }

packages/excalidraw/data/blob.ts

@@ -311,6 +311,48 @@ export const dataURLToString = (dataURL: DataURL) => {
   return base64ToString(dataURL.slice(dataURL.indexOf(",") + 1));
 };
 
+const getImageFileDimensions = async (file: File) => {
+  const browserURL = typeof window !== "undefined" ? window.URL : undefined;
+  let objectURL: string | null = null;
+  let imageSource: string;
+
+  try {
+    imageSource = browserURL?.createObjectURL
+      ? (objectURL = browserURL.createObjectURL(file))
+      : await getDataURL(file);
+  } catch {
+    objectURL = null;
+    imageSource = await getDataURL(file);
+  }
+
+  return new Promise<{ width: number; height: number }>((resolve, reject) => {
+    const image = new Image();
+
+    const cleanup = () => {
+      image.onload = null;
+      image.onerror = null;
+
+      if (objectURL && browserURL?.revokeObjectURL) {
+        browserURL.revokeObjectURL(objectURL);
+      }
+    };
+
+    image.onload = () => {
+      cleanup();
+      resolve({
+        width: image.naturalWidth || image.width,
+        height: image.naturalHeight || image.height,
+      });
+    };
+    image.onerror = (error) => {
+      cleanup();
+      reject(error);
+    };
+
+    image.src = imageSource;
+  });
+};
+
 export const resizeImageFile = async (
   file: File,
   opts: {
@@ -324,6 +366,20 @@ export const resizeImageFile = async (
     return file;
   }
 
+  if (!isSupportedImageFile(file)) {
+    throw new Error("Error: unsupported file type", { cause: "UNSUPPORTED" });
+  }
+
+  if (!opts.outputType || opts.outputType === file.type) {
+    const dimensions = await getImageFileDimensions(file);
+
+    if (
+      Math.max(dimensions.width, dimensions.height) <= opts.maxWidthOrHeight
+    ) {
+      return file;
+    }
+  }
+
   const [pica, imageBlobReduce] = await Promise.all([
     import("pica").then((res) => res.default),
     // a wrapper for pica for better API
@@ -347,10 +403,6 @@ export const resizeImageFile = async (
     };
   }
 
-  if (!isSupportedImageFile(file)) {
-    throw new Error("Error: unsupported file type", { cause: "UNSUPPORTED" });
-  }
-
   return new File(
     [await reduce.toBlob(file, { max: opts.maxWidthOrHeight, alpha: true })],
     file.name,

packages/excalidraw/data/index.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   MIME_TYPES,
   cloneJSON,
   SVG_DOCUMENT_PREAMBLE,
+  arrayToMap,
 } from "@excalidraw/common";
 
 import { getNonDeletedElements } from "@excalidraw/element";
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ export const prepareElementsForExport = (
   exportSelectionOnly: boolean,
 ) => {
   elements = getNonDeletedElements(elements);
+  const elementsMap = arrayToMap(elements);
 
   const isExportingSelection =
     exportSelectionOnly &&
@@ -71,7 +73,11 @@ export const prepareElementsForExport = (
       isFrameLikeElement(exportedElements[0])
     ) {
       exportingFrame = exportedElements[0];
-      exportedElements = getElementsOverlappingFrame(elements, exportingFrame);
+      exportedElements = getElementsOverlappingFrame(
+        elements,
+        exportingFrame,
+        elementsMap,
+      );
     } else if (exportedElements.length > 1) {
       exportedElements = getSelectedElements(
         elements,

packages/excalidraw/data/restore.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { isFiniteNumber, pointFrom } from "@excalidraw/math";
+import { isFiniteNumber, isValidPoint, pointFrom } from "@excalidraw/math";
 
 import {
   type CombineBrandsIfNeeded,
@@ -96,6 +96,69 @@ type RestoredAppState = Omit<
   "offsetTop" | "offsetLeft" | "width" | "height"
 >;
 
+const MAX_ARROW_PX = 75_000;
+
+const restoreLinearElementPoints = (
+  points: unknown,
+  width: unknown,
+  height: unknown,
+): LocalPoint[] => {
+  const restoredPoints = Array.isArray(points)
+    ? points.reduce<LocalPoint[]>((acc, point) => {
+        if (isValidPoint(point)) {
+          acc.push(pointFrom<LocalPoint>(point[0], point[1]));
+        }
+        return acc;
+      }, [])
+    : [];
+
+  return restoredPoints.length < 2
+    ? [
+        pointFrom<LocalPoint>(0, 0),
+        pointFrom<LocalPoint>(
+          isFiniteNumber(width) ? width : 0,
+          isFiniteNumber(height) ? height : 0,
+        ),
+      ]
+    : restoredPoints;
+};
+
+const restoreFreedrawPoints = (
+  points: unknown,
+  pressures: unknown,
+): {
+  points: LocalPoint[];
+  pressures: number[];
+} => {
+  if (!Array.isArray(points)) {
+    return {
+      points: [],
+      pressures: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  const pressureValues: readonly unknown[] = Array.isArray(pressures)
+    ? pressures
+    : [];
+  const restoredPoints: LocalPoint[] = [];
+  const restoredPressures: number[] = [];
+
+  points.forEach((point, index) => {
+    if (isValidPoint(point)) {
+      restoredPoints.push(pointFrom<LocalPoint>(point[0], point[1]));
+      if (index in pressureValues) {
+        const pressure = pressureValues[index];
+        restoredPressures.push(isFiniteNumber(pressure) ? pressure : 0.5);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  return {
+    points: restoredPoints,
+    pressures: restoredPressures,
+  };
+};
+
 export const AllowedExcalidrawActiveTools: Record<
   AppState["activeTool"]["type"],
   boolean
@@ -412,10 +475,15 @@ export const restoreElement = (
 
       return element;
     case "freedraw": {
+      const { points, pressures } = restoreFreedrawPoints(
+        element.points,
+        element.pressures,
+      );
+
       return restoreElementWithProperties(element, {
-        points: element.points,
+        points,
         simulatePressure: element.simulatePressure,
-        pressures: element.pressures,
+        pressures,
       });
     }
     case "image":
@@ -433,14 +501,20 @@ export const restoreElement = (
       const endArrowhead = normalizeArrowhead(element.endArrowhead);
       let x = element.x;
       let y = element.y;
-      let points = // migrate old arrow model to new one
-        !Array.isArray(element.points) || element.points.length < 2
-          ? [pointFrom(0, 0), pointFrom(element.width, element.height)]
-          : element.points;
+      let points = restoreLinearElementPoints(
+        element.points,
+        element.width,
+        element.height,
+      );
 
       if (points[0][0] !== 0 || points[0][1] !== 0) {
         ({ points, x, y } =
-          LinearElementEditor.getNormalizeElementPointsAndCoords(element));
+          LinearElementEditor.getNormalizeElementPointsAndCoords({
+            ...element,
+            points,
+            x: x ?? 0,
+            y: y ?? 0,
+          } as ExcalidrawLinearElement));
       }
 
       return restoreElementWithProperties(element, {
@@ -454,7 +528,7 @@ export const restoreElement = (
         y,
         ...(isLineElement(element)
           ? {
-              polygon: isValidPolygon(element.points)
+              polygon: isValidPolygon(points)
                 ? element.polygon ?? false
                 : false,
             }
@@ -467,24 +541,31 @@ export const restoreElement = (
         element.endArrowhead === undefined
           ? "arrow"
           : normalizeArrowhead(element.endArrowhead);
-      const x: number | undefined = element.x;
-      const y: number | undefined = element.y;
-      const points: readonly LocalPoint[] | undefined = // migrate old arrow model to new one
-        !Array.isArray(element.points) || element.points.length < 2
-          ? [pointFrom(0, 0), pointFrom(element.width, element.height)]
-          : element.points;
+      const x = element.x as number | undefined;
+      const y = element.y as number | undefined;
+      const points = restoreLinearElementPoints(
+        element.points,
+        element.width,
+        element.height,
+      );
+      const elementWithRestoredPoints = {
+        ...element,
+        points,
+        x: x ?? 0,
+        y: y ?? 0,
+      } as ExcalidrawArrowElement;
 
       const base = {
         type: element.type,
         startBinding: repairBinding(
-          element as ExcalidrawArrowElement,
+          elementWithRestoredPoints,
           element.startBinding,
           targetElementsMap,
           existingElementsMap,
           "start",
         ),
         endBinding: repairBinding(
-          element as ExcalidrawArrowElement,
+          elementWithRestoredPoints,
           element.endBinding,
           targetElementsMap,
           existingElementsMap,
@@ -493,8 +574,8 @@ export const restoreElement = (
         startArrowhead,
         endArrowhead,
         points,
-        x,
-        y,
+        x: x ?? 0,
+        y: y ?? 0,
         elbowed: (element as ExcalidrawArrowElement).elbowed,
         ...getSizeFromPoints(points),
       };
@@ -513,12 +594,44 @@ export const restoreElement = (
           })
         : restoreElementWithProperties(element as ExcalidrawArrowElement, base);
 
-      return {
+      const normalizedRestoredElement = {
         ...restoredElement,
         ...LinearElementEditor.getNormalizeElementPointsAndCoords(
           restoredElement,
         ),
       };
+
+      // Last resort fix for extremely large arrows
+      if (
+        normalizedRestoredElement.width > MAX_ARROW_PX ||
+        normalizedRestoredElement.height > MAX_ARROW_PX
+      ) {
+        console.error(
+          `Removing extremely large arrow ${
+            normalizedRestoredElement.id
+          } (type: ${
+            isElbowArrow(normalizedRestoredElement) ? "elbow" : "simple"
+          }, width: ${normalizedRestoredElement.width}, height: ${
+            normalizedRestoredElement.height
+          }, x: ${normalizedRestoredElement.x}, y: ${
+            normalizedRestoredElement.y
+          })`,
+        );
+        return {
+          ...normalizedRestoredElement,
+          x: 0,
+          y: 0,
+          width: 100,
+          height: 100,
+          points: [
+            pointFrom<LocalPoint>(0, 0),
+            pointFrom<LocalPoint>(100, 100),
+          ],
+          isDeleted: true,
+        };
+      }
+
+      return normalizedRestoredElement;
     }
 
     // generic elements
@@ -666,6 +779,7 @@ export const restoreElements = <T extends ExcalidrawElement>(
   const existingElementsMap = existingElements
     ? arrayToMap(existingElements)
     : null;
+
   const restoredElements = syncInvalidIndices(
     (targetElements || []).reduce((elements, element) => {
       // filtering out selection, which is legacy, no longer kept in elements,
@@ -762,7 +876,7 @@ export const restoreElements = <T extends ExcalidrawElement>(
     }
   }
 
-  // NOTE (mtolmacs): Temporary fix for extremely large arrows
+  // NOTE (mtolmacs): Temporary fix for invalid/self-bound elbow arrows
   // Need to iterate again so we have attached text nodes in elementsMap
   return restoredElements.map((element) => {
     if (
@@ -936,6 +1050,12 @@ export const restoreAppState = (
         : defaultValue;
   }
 
+  const boxSelectionMode =
+    appState.boxSelectionMode ?? localAppState?.boxSelectionMode;
+  if (boxSelectionMode !== undefined) {
+    nextAppState.boxSelectionMode = boxSelectionMode;
+  }
+
   return {
     ...nextAppState,
     cursorButton: localAppState?.cursorButton || "up",

packages/excalidraw/eraser/index.ts

@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ import type { Bounds } from "@excalidraw/common";
 import type { GlobalPoint, LineSegment } from "@excalidraw/math/types";
 import type { ElementsMap, ExcalidrawElement } from "@excalidraw/element/types";
 
-import { AnimatedTrail } from "../animated-trail";
-
-import type { AnimationFrameHandler } from "../animation-frame-handler";
+import { AnimatedTrail } from "../animatedTrail";
 
 import type App from "../components/App";
 
@@ -43,8 +41,8 @@ export class EraserTrail extends AnimatedTrail {
   private elementsToErase: Set<ExcalidrawElement["id"]> = new Set();
   private groupsToErase: Set<ExcalidrawElement["id"]> = new Set();
 
-  constructor(animationFrameHandler: AnimationFrameHandler, app: App) {
-    super(animationFrameHandler, app, {
+  constructor(app: App) {
+    super(app, {
       streamline: 0.2,
       size: 5,
       keepHead: true,

packages/excalidraw/index.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,12 @@ import React, {
   useState,
 } from "react";
 
-import { DEFAULT_UI_OPTIONS, isShallowEqual } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import {
+  applyDarkModeFilter,
+  DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS,
+  DEFAULT_UI_OPTIONS,
+  isShallowEqual,
+} from "@excalidraw/common";
 
 import App, {
   ExcalidrawAPIContext,
@@ -98,6 +103,7 @@ const ExcalidrawBase = (props: ExcalidrawProps) => {
     aiEnabled,
     showDeprecatedFonts,
     renderScrollbars,
+    imageOptions,
   } = props;
 
   const canvasActions = props.UIOptions?.canvasActions;
@@ -128,6 +134,13 @@ const ExcalidrawBase = (props: ExcalidrawProps) => {
     UIOptions.canvasActions.toggleTheme = true;
   }
 
+  const normalizedImageOptions: AppProps["imageOptions"] = {
+    maxFileSizeBytes:
+      imageOptions?.maxFileSizeBytes ?? DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxFileSizeBytes,
+    maxWidthOrHeight:
+      imageOptions?.maxWidthOrHeight ?? DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxWidthOrHeight,
+  };
+
   const setExcalidrawAPI = useContext(ExcalidrawAPISetContext);
 
   const onExcalidrawAPIRef = useRef(onExcalidrawAPI);
@@ -208,6 +221,7 @@ const ExcalidrawBase = (props: ExcalidrawProps) => {
           aiEnabled={aiEnabled !== false}
           showDeprecatedFonts={showDeprecatedFonts}
           renderScrollbars={renderScrollbars}
+          imageOptions={normalizedImageOptions}
         >
           {children}
         </App>
@@ -225,11 +239,13 @@ const areEqual = (prevProps: ExcalidrawProps, nextProps: ExcalidrawProps) => {
   const {
     initialData: prevInitialData,
     UIOptions: prevUIOptions = {},
+    imageOptions: prevImageOptions,
     ...prev
   } = prevProps;
   const {
     initialData: nextInitialData,
     UIOptions: nextUIOptions = {},
+    imageOptions: nextImageOptions,
     ...next
   } = nextProps;
 
@@ -273,7 +289,17 @@ const areEqual = (prevProps: ExcalidrawProps, nextProps: ExcalidrawProps) => {
     return prevUIOptions[key] === nextUIOptions[key];
   });
 
-  return isUIOptionsSame && isShallowEqual(prev, next);
+  const isImageOptionsSame =
+    (prevImageOptions?.maxWidthOrHeight ??
+      DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxWidthOrHeight) ===
+      (nextImageOptions?.maxWidthOrHeight ??
+        DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxWidthOrHeight) &&
+    (prevImageOptions?.maxFileSizeBytes ??
+      DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxFileSizeBytes) ===
+      (nextImageOptions?.maxFileSizeBytes ??
+        DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxFileSizeBytes);
+
+  return isUIOptionsSame && isImageOptionsSame && isShallowEqual(prev, next);
 };
 
 export const Excalidraw = React.memo(ExcalidrawBase, areEqual);
@@ -425,3 +451,5 @@ export function useExcalidrawStateValue(
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 export { _useOnAppStateChange as useOnExcalidrawStateChange };
+
+export { applyDarkModeFilter };

packages/excalidraw/laserTrails.ts

@@ -2,27 +2,20 @@ import { DEFAULT_LASER_COLOR, easeOut } from "@excalidraw/common";
 
 import type { LaserPointerOptions } from "@excalidraw/laser-pointer";
 
-import { AnimatedTrail } from "./animated-trail";
+import { AnimatedTrail } from "./animatedTrail";
 import { getClientColor } from "./clients";
 
-import type { Trail } from "./animated-trail";
-import type { AnimationFrameHandler } from "./animation-frame-handler";
+import type { Trail } from "./animatedTrail";
 import type App from "./components/App";
 import type { SocketId } from "./types";
 
 export class LaserTrails implements Trail {
   public localTrail: AnimatedTrail;
   private collabTrails = new Map<SocketId, AnimatedTrail>();
-
   private container?: SVGSVGElement;
 
-  constructor(
-    private animationFrameHandler: AnimationFrameHandler,
-    private app: App,
-  ) {
-    this.animationFrameHandler.register(this, this.onFrame.bind(this));
-
-    this.localTrail = new AnimatedTrail(animationFrameHandler, app, {
+  constructor(private app: App) {
+    this.localTrail = new AnimatedTrail(app, {
       ...this.getTrailOptions(),
       fill: () => DEFAULT_LASER_COLOR,
     });
@@ -63,30 +56,45 @@ export class LaserTrails implements Trail {
 
   start(container: SVGSVGElement) {
     this.container = container;
-
-    this.animationFrameHandler.start(this);
     this.localTrail.start(container);
   }
 
   stop() {
-    this.animationFrameHandler.stop(this);
     this.localTrail.stop();
+    this.stopCollabTrails();
+    this.container = undefined;
   }
 
-  onFrame() {
-    this.updateCollabTrails();
+  private stopCollabTrails(collaborators?: App["state"]["collaborators"]) {
+    for (const [key, trail] of this.collabTrails) {
+      const collaborator = collaborators?.get(key);
+
+      if (!collaborator) {
+        trail.stop();
+        this.collabTrails.delete(key);
+      }
+    }
   }
 
-  private updateCollabTrails() {
-    if (!this.container || this.app.state.collaborators.size === 0) {
+  updateCollabTrails(collaborators: App["state"]["collaborators"]) {
+    this.stopCollabTrails(collaborators);
+
+    if (!this.container || collaborators.size === 0) {
       return;
     }
 
-    for (const [key, collaborator] of this.app.state.collaborators.entries()) {
-      let trail!: AnimatedTrail;
+    for (const [key, collaborator] of collaborators.entries()) {
+      // Current user has their own trail drawn via localTrail
+      if (collaborator.isCurrentUser) {
+        continue;
+      }
 
-      if (!this.collabTrails.has(key)) {
-        trail = new AnimatedTrail(this.animationFrameHandler, this.app, {
+      // IDEA: Use the collaborator pointer coordinates to trace out the
+      // laser pointer trail when 1) the selected collab tool is the laser
+      // pointer and 2) the collab pointer button is in the "down" state.
+      let trail = this.collabTrails.get(key);
+      if (!trail) {
+        trail = new AnimatedTrail(this.app, {
           ...this.getTrailOptions(),
           fill: () =>
             collaborator.pointer?.laserColor ||
@@ -95,36 +103,33 @@ export class LaserTrails implements Trail {
         trail.start(this.container);
 
         this.collabTrails.set(key, trail);
-      } else {
-        trail = this.collabTrails.get(key)!;
       }
 
       if (collaborator.pointer && collaborator.pointer.tool === "laser") {
-        if (collaborator.button === "down" && !trail.hasCurrentTrail) {
+        const buttonDown = collaborator.button === "down";
+        const buttonUp = collaborator.button === "up";
+        const hasTrail = trail.hasCurrentTrail;
+
+        // Initialize a new trail
+        if (buttonDown && !hasTrail) {
           trail.startPath(collaborator.pointer.x, collaborator.pointer.y);
         }
 
-        if (
-          collaborator.button === "down" &&
-          trail.hasCurrentTrail &&
-          !trail.hasLastPoint(collaborator.pointer.x, collaborator.pointer.y)
-        ) {
+        // Add only original points
+        const lastPointOriginal = !trail.hasLastPoint(
+          collaborator.pointer.x,
+          collaborator.pointer.y,
+        );
+        if (buttonDown && lastPointOriginal) {
           trail.addPointToPath(collaborator.pointer.x, collaborator.pointer.y);
         }
 
-        if (collaborator.button === "up" && trail.hasCurrentTrail) {
+        // End the trail on button up
+        if (buttonUp && hasTrail) {
           trail.addPointToPath(collaborator.pointer.x, collaborator.pointer.y);
           trail.endPath();
         }
       }
     }
-
-    for (const key of this.collabTrails.keys()) {
-      if (!this.app.state.collaborators.has(key)) {
-        const trail = this.collabTrails.get(key)!;
-        trail.stop();
-        this.collabTrails.delete(key);
-      }
-    }
   }
 }

packages/excalidraw/lasso/index.ts

@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ import type {
   NonDeleted,
 } from "@excalidraw/element/types";
 
-import { type AnimationFrameHandler } from "../animation-frame-handler";
-
-import { AnimatedTrail } from "../animated-trail";
+import { AnimatedTrail } from "../animatedTrail";
 
 import { getLassoSelectedElementIds } from "./utils";
 
@@ -47,8 +45,8 @@ export class LassoTrail extends AnimatedTrail {
   private canvasTranslate: CanvasTranslate | null = null;
   private keepPreviousSelection: boolean = false;
 
-  constructor(animationFrameHandler: AnimationFrameHandler, app: App) {
-    super(animationFrameHandler, app, {
+  constructor(app: App) {
+    super(app, {
       animateTrail: true,
       streamline: 0.4,
       sizeMapping: (c) => {

packages/excalidraw/locales/en.json

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
     "changeBackground": "Change background color",
     "fill": "Fill",
     "strokeWidth": "Stroke width",
+    "strokeShape": "Pressure",
+    "strokeShape_constant": "Constant pressure",
+    "strokeShape_pressure": "Pressure-sensitive",
     "strokeStyle": "Stroke style",
     "strokeStyle_solid": "Solid",
     "strokeStyle_dashed": "Dashed",
@@ -185,6 +188,9 @@
     "shapeSwitch": "Switch shape",
     "preferences": "Preferences",
     "preferences_toolLock": "Tool lock",
+    "boxSelectionMode": "Select on",
+    "boxSelectionContain": "Wrap",
+    "boxSelectionOverlap": "Overlap",
     "arrowBinding": "Arrow binding",
     "midpointSnapping": "Snap to midpoints"
   },

packages/excalidraw/package.json

@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@
     "clsx": "1.1.1",
     "cross-env": "7.0.3",
     "es6-promise-pool": "2.5.0",
-    "fractional-indexing": "3.2.0",
     "fuzzy": "0.1.3",
     "image-blob-reduce": "3.0.1",
     "jotai": "2.11.0",
@@ -104,7 +103,6 @@
     "lodash.throttle": "4.1.1",
     "nanoid": "3.3.3",
     "pako": "2.0.3",
-    "perfect-freehand": "1.2.0",
     "pica": "7.1.1",
     "png-chunk-text": "1.0.0",
     "png-chunks-encode": "1.0.0",

packages/excalidraw/polyfill.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,94 @@ const polyfill = () => {
     });
   }
 
+  if (!Array.prototype.findLast) {
+    Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "findLast", {
+      value: function <T>(
+        this: T[],
+        predicate: (value: T, index: number, array: T[]) => unknown,
+        thisArg?: unknown,
+      ) {
+        return this
+          .slice()
+          .reverse()
+          .find((value, index) =>
+            predicate.call(thisArg, value, this.length - index - 1, this),
+          );
+      },
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: false,
+      configurable: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (!Array.prototype.findIndex) {
+    Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "findIndex", {
+      value: function <T>(
+        this: T[],
+        predicate: (value: T, index: number, array: T[]) => unknown,
+        thisArg?: unknown,
+      ) {
+        for (let index = 0; index < this.length; index++) {
+          if (predicate.call(thisArg, this[index], index, this)) {
+            return index;
+          }
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+      },
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: false,
+      configurable: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (!Array.prototype.findLastIndex) {
+    Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "findLastIndex", {
+      value: function <T>(
+        this: T[],
+        predicate: (value: T, index: number, array: T[]) => unknown,
+        thisArg?: unknown,
+      ) {
+        const index = this
+          .slice()
+          .reverse()
+          .findIndex((value, index) =>
+            predicate.call(thisArg, value, this.length - index - 1, this),
+          );
+
+        return index === -1 ? -1 : this.length - index - 1;
+      },
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: false,
+      configurable: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (!Array.prototype.toReversed) {
+    Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "toReversed", {
+      value: function <T>(this: T[]) {
+        return this.slice().reverse();
+      },
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: false,
+      configurable: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (!Array.prototype.toSorted) {
+    Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "toSorted", {
+      value: function <T>(
+        this: T[],
+        compareFn?: (a: T, b: T) => number,
+      ) {
+        return this.slice().sort(compareFn);
+      },
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: false,
+      configurable: true,
+    });
+  }
+
   if (!Element.prototype.replaceChildren) {
     Element.prototype.replaceChildren = function (...nodes) {
       this.innerHTML = "";

packages/excalidraw/renderer/animation.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ export type Animation<R extends object> = (params: {
 }) => R | null | undefined;
 
 export class AnimationController {
-  private static isRunning = false;
+  private static scheduledFrame:
+    | { id: ReturnType<typeof requestAnimationFrame>; type: "raf" }
+    | { id: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>; type: "timeout" }
+    | null = null;
   private static animations = new Map<
     string,
     {
@@ -17,6 +20,10 @@ export class AnimationController {
   >();
 
   static start<R extends object>(key: string, animation: Animation<R>) {
+    if (AnimationController.animations.has(key)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     const initialState = animation({
       deltaTime: 0,
       state: undefined,
@@ -29,19 +36,54 @@ export class AnimationController {
         state: initialState,
       });
 
-      if (!AnimationController.isRunning) {
-        AnimationController.isRunning = true;
-
-        if (isRenderThrottlingEnabled()) {
-          requestAnimationFrame(AnimationController.tick);
-        } else {
-          setTimeout(AnimationController.tick, 0);
-        }
-      }
+      AnimationController.scheduleNextFrame();
     }
   }
 
+  private static scheduleNextFrame() {
+    if (AnimationController.scheduledFrame) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (isRenderThrottlingEnabled()) {
+      AnimationController.scheduledFrame = {
+        id: requestAnimationFrame(AnimationController.tick),
+        type: "raf",
+      };
+    } else {
+      AnimationController.scheduledFrame = {
+        id: setTimeout(AnimationController.tick, 0),
+        type: "timeout",
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static cancelScheduledFrame() {
+    if (!AnimationController.scheduledFrame) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (AnimationController.scheduledFrame.type === "raf") {
+      cancelAnimationFrame(AnimationController.scheduledFrame.id);
+    } else {
+      clearTimeout(AnimationController.scheduledFrame.id);
+    }
+
+    AnimationController.scheduledFrame = null;
+  }
+
+  private static cancelScheduledFrameIfIdle() {
+    if (AnimationController.animations.size > 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    AnimationController.cancelScheduledFrame();
+    return true;
+  }
+
   private static tick() {
+    AnimationController.scheduledFrame = null;
+
     if (AnimationController.animations.size > 0) {
       for (const [key, animation] of AnimationController.animations) {
         const now = performance.now();
@@ -56,8 +98,7 @@ export class AnimationController {
         if (!state) {
           AnimationController.animations.delete(key);
 
-          if (AnimationController.animations.size === 0) {
-            AnimationController.isRunning = false;
+          if (AnimationController.cancelScheduledFrameIfIdle()) {
             return;
           }
         } else {
@@ -66,11 +107,11 @@ export class AnimationController {
         }
       }
 
-      if (isRenderThrottlingEnabled()) {
-        requestAnimationFrame(AnimationController.tick);
-      } else {
-        setTimeout(AnimationController.tick, 0);
+      if (AnimationController.cancelScheduledFrameIfIdle()) {
+        return;
       }
+
+      AnimationController.scheduleNextFrame();
     }
   }
 
@@ -80,5 +121,6 @@ export class AnimationController {
 
   static cancel(key: string) {
     AnimationController.animations.delete(key);
+    AnimationController.cancelScheduledFrameIfIdle();
   }
 }

packages/excalidraw/renderer/helpers.ts

@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ export const bootstrapCanvas = ({
       context.clearRect(0, 0, normalizedWidth, normalizedHeight);
     }
     context.save();
-    context.fillStyle =
-      theme === THEME.DARK
-        ? applyDarkModeFilter(viewBackgroundColor)
-        : viewBackgroundColor;
+    context.fillStyle = applyDarkModeFilter(
+      viewBackgroundColor,
+      theme === THEME.DARK,
+    );
     context.fillRect(0, 0, normalizedWidth, normalizedHeight);
     context.restore();
   } else {

packages/excalidraw/renderer/staticSvgScene.ts

@@ -377,18 +377,27 @@ const renderElementToSvg = (
     case "freedraw": {
       const wrapper = svgRoot.ownerDocument.createElementNS(SVG_NS, "g");
 
+      // Set fill once on the group so all capsule paths inherit it
+      // instead of repeating the attribute on every child element.
+      wrapper.setAttribute(
+        "fill",
+        renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK
+          ? applyDarkModeFilter(element.strokeColor)
+          : element.strokeColor,
+      );
+
       const shapes = ShapeCache.generateElementShape(element, renderConfig);
       // always ordered as [background, stroke]
       for (const shape of shapes) {
         if (typeof shape === "string") {
-          // stroke (SVGPathString)
-
+          // stroke (SVGPathString) — fill inherited from wrapper <g>
           const path = svgRoot.ownerDocument.createElementNS(SVG_NS, "path");
           path.setAttribute(
             "fill",
-            renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK
-              ? applyDarkModeFilter(element.strokeColor)
-              : element.strokeColor,
+            applyDarkModeFilter(
+              element.strokeColor,
+              renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK,
+            ),
           );
           path.setAttribute("d", shape);
           wrapper.appendChild(path);
@@ -621,9 +630,10 @@ const renderElementToSvg = (
         rect.setAttribute("fill", "none");
         rect.setAttribute(
           "stroke",
-          renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK
-            ? applyDarkModeFilter(FRAME_STYLE.strokeColor)
-            : FRAME_STYLE.strokeColor,
+          applyDarkModeFilter(
+            FRAME_STYLE.strokeColor,
+            renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK,
+          ),
         );
         rect.setAttribute("stroke-width", FRAME_STYLE.strokeWidth.toString());
 
@@ -677,9 +687,10 @@ const renderElementToSvg = (
           text.setAttribute("font-size", `${element.fontSize}px`);
           text.setAttribute(
             "fill",
-            renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK
-              ? applyDarkModeFilter(element.strokeColor)
-              : element.strokeColor,
+            applyDarkModeFilter(
+              element.strokeColor,
+              renderConfig.theme === THEME.DARK,
+            ),
           );
           text.setAttribute("text-anchor", textAnchor);
           text.setAttribute("style", "white-space: pre;");

packages/excalidraw/scene/Renderer.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
-import { isElementInViewport } from "@excalidraw/element";
+import {
+  getCommonFrameId,
+  getFrameChildrenInsertionIndex,
+  isElementInViewport,
+} from "@excalidraw/element";
 
-import { memoize, toBrandedType } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { arrayToMap, memoize, toBrandedType } from "@excalidraw/common";
 
 import type {
   ExcalidrawElement,
+  ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
+  NonDeleted,
   NonDeletedElementsMap,
   NonDeletedExcalidrawElement,
 } from "@excalidraw/element/types";
@@ -16,6 +22,21 @@ import type { RenderableElementsMap } from "./types";
 
 import type { AppState } from "../types";
 
+type GetRenderableElementsOpts = {
+  zoom: AppState["zoom"];
+  offsetLeft: AppState["offsetLeft"];
+  offsetTop: AppState["offsetTop"];
+  scrollX: AppState["scrollX"];
+  scrollY: AppState["scrollY"];
+  height: AppState["height"];
+  width: AppState["width"];
+  editingTextElement: AppState["editingTextElement"];
+  newElement: AppState["newElement"];
+  selectedElements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
+  selectedElementsAreBeingDragged: AppState["selectedElementsAreBeingDragged"];
+  frameToHighlight: AppState["frameToHighlight"];
+};
+
 export class Renderer {
   private scene: Scene;
 
@@ -23,9 +44,121 @@ export class Renderer {
     this.scene = scene;
   }
 
-  public getRenderableElements = (() => {
-    const getVisibleCanvasElements = ({
-      elementsMap,
+  private getVisibleCanvasElements({
+    elementsMap,
+    zoom,
+    offsetLeft,
+    offsetTop,
+    scrollX,
+    scrollY,
+    height,
+    width,
+  }: {
+    elementsMap: NonDeletedElementsMap;
+    zoom: AppState["zoom"];
+    offsetLeft: AppState["offsetLeft"];
+    offsetTop: AppState["offsetTop"];
+    scrollX: AppState["scrollX"];
+    scrollY: AppState["scrollY"];
+    height: AppState["height"];
+    width: AppState["width"];
+  }): readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[] {
+    const visibleElements: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[] = [];
+    for (const element of elementsMap.values()) {
+      if (
+        isElementInViewport(
+          element,
+          width,
+          height,
+          {
+            zoom,
+            offsetLeft,
+            offsetTop,
+            scrollX,
+            scrollY,
+          },
+          elementsMap,
+        )
+      ) {
+        visibleElements.push(element);
+      }
+    }
+    return visibleElements;
+  }
+
+  private getRenderableElementsMap({
+    elements,
+    editingTextElement,
+    newElement,
+  }: {
+    elements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
+    editingTextElement: AppState["editingTextElement"];
+    newElement: AppState["newElement"];
+  }) {
+    const elementsMap = toBrandedType<RenderableElementsMap>(new Map());
+    const newElementCanvasElement = newElement?.frameId ? null : newElement;
+
+    for (const element of elements) {
+      if (newElementCanvasElement?.id === element.id) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // we don't want to render text element that's being currently edited
+      // (it's rendered on remote only)
+      if (
+        !editingTextElement ||
+        editingTextElement.type !== "text" ||
+        element.id !== editingTextElement.id
+      ) {
+        elementsMap.set(element.id, element);
+      }
+    }
+    return { elementsMap, newElementCanvasElement };
+  }
+
+  private sortSelectedElementsIntoHighlightedFrame<
+    T extends ExcalidrawElement,
+  >({
+    visibleElements,
+    selectedElements,
+    frameToHighlight,
+  }: {
+    selectedElements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
+    visibleElements: readonly T[];
+    frameToHighlight: NonDeleted<ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement>;
+  }): readonly T[] {
+    if (!selectedElements.length) {
+      return visibleElements;
+    }
+
+    // we assume all selected elements are eligible frame children if
+    // frameToHighlight is defined
+    const selectedElementsMap = arrayToMap(selectedElements);
+
+    // thus, all deselected elements are the ones we won't reorder
+    const deselectedElements = visibleElements.filter(
+      (element) => !selectedElementsMap.has(element.id),
+    );
+
+    const insertionIndex = getFrameChildrenInsertionIndex(
+      deselectedElements,
+      frameToHighlight.id,
+    );
+
+    if (insertionIndex === null) {
+      return visibleElements;
+    }
+
+    return [
+      ...deselectedElements.slice(0, insertionIndex),
+      ...selectedElements,
+      ...deselectedElements.slice(insertionIndex),
+    ] as readonly T[];
+  }
+
+  private _getRenderableElements = memoize(
+    ({
+      canvasNonce,
       zoom,
       offsetLeft,
       offsetTop,
@@ -33,70 +166,27 @@ export class Renderer {
       scrollY,
       height,
       width,
-    }: {
-      elementsMap: NonDeletedElementsMap;
-      zoom: AppState["zoom"];
-      offsetLeft: AppState["offsetLeft"];
-      offsetTop: AppState["offsetTop"];
-      scrollX: AppState["scrollX"];
-      scrollY: AppState["scrollY"];
-      height: AppState["height"];
-      width: AppState["width"];
-    }): readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[] => {
-      const visibleElements: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[] = [];
-      for (const element of elementsMap.values()) {
-        if (
-          isElementInViewport(
-            element,
-            width,
-            height,
-            {
-              zoom,
-              offsetLeft,
-              offsetTop,
-              scrollX,
-              scrollY,
-            },
-            elementsMap,
-          )
-        ) {
-          visibleElements.push(element);
-        }
-      }
-      return visibleElements;
-    };
-
-    const getRenderableElements = ({
-      elements,
       editingTextElement,
-      newElementId,
-    }: {
-      elements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
-      editingTextElement: AppState["editingTextElement"];
-      newElementId: ExcalidrawElement["id"] | undefined;
+      newElement,
+    }: Omit<
+      GetRenderableElementsOpts,
+      | "selectedElements"
+      | "selectedElementsAreBeingDragged"
+      | "frameToHighlight"
+    > & {
+      canvasNonce: string;
     }) => {
-      const elementsMap = toBrandedType<RenderableElementsMap>(new Map());
+      const elements = this.scene.getNonDeletedElements();
 
-      for (const element of elements) {
-        if (newElementId === element.id) {
-          continue;
-        }
+      const { elementsMap, newElementCanvasElement } =
+        this.getRenderableElementsMap({
+          elements,
+          editingTextElement,
+          newElement,
+        });
 
-        // we don't want to render text element that's being currently edited
-        // (it's rendered on remote only)
-        if (
-          !editingTextElement ||
-          editingTextElement.type !== "text" ||
-          element.id !== editingTextElement.id
-        ) {
-          elementsMap.set(element.id, element);
-        }
-      }
-      return elementsMap;
-    };
-
-    return memoize(
-      ({
+      const visibleElements = this.getVisibleCanvasElements({
+        elementsMap,
         zoom,
         offsetLeft,
         offsetTop,
@@ -104,52 +194,69 @@ export class Renderer {
         scrollY,
         height,
         width,
-        editingTextElement,
-        newElementId,
-        // cache-invalidation nonce
-        sceneNonce: _sceneNonce,
-      }: {
-        zoom: AppState["zoom"];
-        offsetLeft: AppState["offsetLeft"];
-        offsetTop: AppState["offsetTop"];
-        scrollX: AppState["scrollX"];
-        scrollY: AppState["scrollY"];
-        height: AppState["height"];
-        width: AppState["width"];
-        editingTextElement: AppState["editingTextElement"];
-        /** note: first render of newElement will always bust the cache
-         * (we'd have to prefilter elements outside of this function) */
-        newElementId: ExcalidrawElement["id"] | undefined;
-        sceneNonce: ReturnType<InstanceType<typeof Scene>["getSceneNonce"]>;
-      }) => {
-        const elements = this.scene.getNonDeletedElements();
+      });
 
-        const elementsMap = getRenderableElements({
-          elements,
-          editingTextElement,
-          newElementId,
+      return {
+        elementsMap,
+        visibleElements,
+        newElementCanvasElement,
+        canvasNonce,
+      };
+    },
+  );
+
+  public getRenderableElements = (opts: GetRenderableElementsOpts) => {
+    const { newElement } = opts;
+    const canvasNonce = `${this.scene.getSceneNonce()}${
+      newElement?.frameId ? `:${newElement.versionNonce}` : ""
+    }`;
+
+    const ret = this._getRenderableElements({
+      canvasNonce,
+
+      // don't spread `opts` because we don't want to memoize on some props
+
+      zoom: opts.zoom,
+      offsetLeft: opts.offsetLeft,
+      offsetTop: opts.offsetTop,
+      scrollX: opts.scrollX,
+      scrollY: opts.scrollY,
+      height: opts.height,
+      width: opts.width,
+      editingTextElement: opts.editingTextElement,
+      newElement: opts.newElement,
+    });
+
+    // if we're dragging elements over a frame, reorder the selected elements
+    // inside the frame during render (we don't set the `element.frameId` until
+    // pointerup else we'd have to painstainly restore the orig index if user
+    // didn't end up adding elements to the frame)
+    if (
+      opts.frameToHighlight &&
+      opts.selectedElementsAreBeingDragged &&
+      // if all dragged elements are already in the frame, don't reorder
+      getCommonFrameId(opts.selectedElements) !== opts.frameToHighlight.id
+    ) {
+      const reorderedVisibleElements =
+        this.sortSelectedElementsIntoHighlightedFrame({
+          visibleElements: ret.visibleElements,
+          selectedElements: opts.selectedElements,
+          frameToHighlight: opts.frameToHighlight,
         });
 
-        const visibleElements = getVisibleCanvasElements({
-          elementsMap,
-          zoom,
-          offsetLeft,
-          offsetTop,
-          scrollX,
-          scrollY,
-          height,
-          width,
-        });
+      return {
+        ...ret,
+        visibleElements: reorderedVisibleElements,
+      };
+    }
 
-        return { elementsMap, visibleElements };
-      },
-    );
-  })();
+    return ret;
+  };
 
   // NOTE Doesn't destroy everything (scene, rc, etc.) because it may not be
   // safe to break TS contract here (for upstream cases)
   public destroy() {
     renderStaticSceneThrottled.cancel();
-    this.getRenderableElements.clear();
+    this._getRenderableElements.clear();
   }
 }

packages/excalidraw/scene/export.ts

@@ -157,7 +157,11 @@ const prepareElementsForRender = ({
   let nextElements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[];
 
   if (exportingFrame) {
-    nextElements = getElementsOverlappingFrame(elements, exportingFrame);
+    nextElements = getElementsOverlappingFrame(
+      elements,
+      exportingFrame,
+      arrayToMap(elements),
+    );
   } else if (frameRendering.enabled && frameRendering.name) {
     nextElements = addFrameLabelsAsTextElements(elements, {
       exportWithDarkMode,
@@ -455,9 +459,7 @@ export const exportToSvg = async (
     rect.setAttribute("height", `${height}`);
     rect.setAttribute(
       "fill",
-      exportWithDarkMode
-        ? applyDarkModeFilter(viewBackgroundColor)
-        : viewBackgroundColor,
+      applyDarkModeFilter(viewBackgroundColor, exportWithDarkMode),
     );
     svgRoot.appendChild(rect);
   }

packages/excalidraw/tests/MermaidToExcalidraw.test.tsx

@@ -83,6 +83,26 @@ mockMermaidToExcalidraw({
   },
 });
 
+const normalizeDialogSnapshot = (dialog: Element) => {
+  const dialogClone = dialog.cloneNode(true) as HTMLElement;
+
+  dialogClone
+    .querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(".ttd-dialog-content")
+    .forEach((element) => {
+      // Radix Tabs injects this during initial mount animation prevention.
+      // Its presence depends on render timing and is unrelated to this test.
+      if (element.style.animationDuration === "0s") {
+        element.style.removeProperty("animation-duration");
+      }
+
+      if (!element.getAttribute("style")) {
+        element.removeAttribute("style");
+      }
+    });
+
+  return dialogClone.outerHTML;
+};
+
 describe("Test <MermaidToExcalidraw/>", () => {
   beforeEach(async () => {
     await render(
@@ -99,7 +119,7 @@ describe("Test <MermaidToExcalidraw/>", () => {
   it("should open mermaid popup when active tool is mermaid", async () => {
     const dialog = document.querySelector(".ttd-dialog")!;
     await waitFor(() => expect(dialog.querySelector("canvas")).not.toBeNull());
-    expect(dialog.outerHTML).toMatchSnapshot();
+    expect(normalizeDialogSnapshot(dialog)).toMatchSnapshot();
   });
 
   it("should show error in preview when mermaid library throws error", async () => {

packages/excalidraw/tests/__snapshots__/MermaidToExcalidraw.test.tsx.snap

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
-exports[`Test <MermaidToExcalidraw/> > should open mermaid popup when active tool is mermaid 1`] = `"<div class="Modal Dialog ttd-dialog" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="dialog-title"><div class="Modal__background"></div><div class="Modal__content" style="--max-width: 1520px;" tabindex="0"><div class="Island"><div class="Dialog__content"><div dir="ltr" data-orientation="horizontal" class="ttd-dialog-tabs-root"><p class="dialog-mermaid-title">Mermaid to Excalidraw</p><div data-state="active" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-:r4:-trigger-mermaid" id="radix-:r4:-content-mermaid" tabindex="0" class="ttd-dialog-content" style=""><div class="ttd-dialog-desc">Currently only <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/flowchart.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Flowchart</a>, <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/sequenceDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Sequence</a>, <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/classDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Class</a>, and <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/entityRelationshipDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Entity Relationship</a> Diagrams are supported. The other types will be rendered as image in Excalidraw.</div><div class="ttd-dialog-panels"><div class="ttd-dialog-panel"><div class="ttd-dialog-panel-button-container invisible" style="justify-content: flex-start;"></div></div><div class="ttd-dialog-panel"><div class="ttd-dialog-output-wrapper "><div class="ttd-dialog-output-canvas-container"><div class="ttd-dialog-output-canvas-content"><canvas width="89" height="158" dir="ltr"></canvas></div></div></div><div class="ttd-dialog-panel-button-container" style="justify-content: flex-start;"><button type="button" class="excalidraw-button ttd-dialog-panel-button"><div class="">Insert<span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><g stroke-width="1.25"><path d="M4.16602 10H15.8327"></path><path d="M12.5 13.3333L15.8333 10"></path><path d="M12.5 6.66666L15.8333 9.99999"></path></g></svg></span></div></button><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut"><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut__key">Ctrl</div><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut__key">Enter</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>"`;
+exports[`Test <MermaidToExcalidraw/> > should open mermaid popup when active tool is mermaid 1`] = `"<div class="Modal Dialog ttd-dialog" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="dialog-title"><div class="Modal__background"></div><div class="Modal__content" style="--max-width: 1520px;" tabindex="0"><div class="Island"><div class="Dialog__content"><div dir="ltr" data-orientation="horizontal" class="ttd-dialog-tabs-root"><p class="dialog-mermaid-title">Mermaid to Excalidraw</p><div data-state="active" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-:r4:-trigger-mermaid" id="radix-:r4:-content-mermaid" tabindex="0" class="ttd-dialog-content"><div class="ttd-dialog-desc">Currently only <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/flowchart.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Flowchart</a>, <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/sequenceDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Sequence</a>, <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/classDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Class</a>, and <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/entityRelationshipDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Entity Relationship</a> Diagrams are supported. The other types will be rendered as image in Excalidraw.</div><div class="ttd-dialog-panels"><div class="ttd-dialog-panel"><div class="ttd-dialog-panel-button-container invisible" style="justify-content: flex-start;"></div></div><div class="ttd-dialog-panel"><div class="ttd-dialog-output-wrapper "><div class="ttd-dialog-output-canvas-container"><div class="ttd-dialog-output-canvas-content"><canvas width="89" height="158" dir="ltr"></canvas></div></div></div><div class="ttd-dialog-panel-button-container" style="justify-content: flex-start;"><button type="button" class="excalidraw-button ttd-dialog-panel-button"><div class="">Insert<span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><g stroke-width="1.25"><path d="M4.16602 10H15.8327"></path><path d="M12.5 13.3333L15.8333 10"></path><path d="M12.5 6.66666L15.8333 9.99999"></path></g></svg></span></div></button><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut"><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut__key">Ctrl</div><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut__key">Enter</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>"`;
 
 exports[`Test <MermaidToExcalidraw/> > should show error in preview when mermaid library throws error 1`] = `
 "flowchart TD

packages/excalidraw/tests/__snapshots__/contextmenu.test.tsx.snap

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > right-clicking on a group should select whole gro
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": {
     "items": [
@@ -897,6 +898,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > right-clicking on a group should select whole gro
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -978,7 +980,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > right-clicking on a group should select whole gro
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -1086,6 +1087,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Add to library' in context menu adds e
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -1096,6 +1098,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Add to library' in context menu adds e
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -1171,7 +1174,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Add to library' in context menu adds e
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -1300,6 +1302,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Bring forward' in context menu brings
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -1310,6 +1313,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Bring forward' in context menu brings
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -1385,7 +1389,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Bring forward' in context menu brings
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -1631,6 +1634,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Bring to front' in context menu brings
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -1641,6 +1645,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Bring to front' in context menu brings
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -1716,7 +1721,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Bring to front' in context menu brings
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -1962,6 +1966,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Copy styles' in context menu copies st
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -1972,6 +1977,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Copy styles' in context menu copies st
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -2047,7 +2053,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Copy styles' in context menu copies st
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -2176,6 +2181,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Delete' in context menu deletes elemen
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2186,6 +2192,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Delete' in context menu deletes elemen
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -2259,7 +2266,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Delete' in context menu deletes elemen
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -2417,6 +2423,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Duplicate' in context menu duplicates
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2427,6 +2434,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Duplicate' in context menu duplicates
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -2502,7 +2510,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Duplicate' in context menu duplicates
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -2715,6 +2722,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Group selection' in context menu group
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2725,6 +2733,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Group selection' in context menu group
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -2805,7 +2814,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Group selection' in context menu group
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -3087,6 +3095,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Paste styles' in context menu pastes s
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -3097,6 +3106,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Paste styles' in context menu pastes s
   "currentItemFillStyle": "cross-hatch",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 60,
   "currentItemRoughness": 2,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -3172,7 +3182,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Paste styles' in context menu pastes s
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -3580,6 +3589,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send backward' in context menu sends e
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -3590,6 +3600,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send backward' in context menu sends e
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -3665,7 +3676,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send backward' in context menu sends e
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -3903,6 +3913,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send to back' in context menu sends el
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -3913,6 +3924,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send to back' in context menu sends el
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -3988,7 +4000,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send to back' in context menu sends el
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -4226,6 +4237,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Ungroup selection' in context menu ung
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": null,
   "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -4236,6 +4248,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Ungroup selection' in context menu ung
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -4314,7 +4327,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Ungroup selection' in context menu ung
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -4358,7 +4370,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Ungroup selection' in context menu ung
   "type": "rectangle",
   "updated": 1,
   "version": 5,
-  "versionNonce": 760410951,
+  "versionNonce": 1006504105,
   "width": 20,
   "x": -10,
   "y": 0,
@@ -4383,14 +4395,14 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Ungroup selection' in context menu ung
   "opacity": 100,
   "roughness": 1,
   "roundness": null,
-  "seed": 238820263,
+  "seed": 400692809,
   "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e",
   "strokeStyle": "solid",
   "strokeWidth": 2,
   "type": "rectangle",
   "updated": 1,
   "version": 5,
-  "versionNonce": 1006504105,
+  "versionNonce": 289600103,
   "width": 20,
   "x": 20,
   "y": 30,
@@ -4637,6 +4649,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Group selection' in context menu for multi
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": {
     "items": [
@@ -5521,6 +5534,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Group selection' in context menu for multi
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -5599,7 +5613,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Group selection' in context menu for multi
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -5854,6 +5867,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Ungroup selection' in context menu for gro
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": {
     "items": [
@@ -6738,6 +6752,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Ungroup selection' in context menu for gro
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -6818,7 +6833,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Ungroup selection' in context menu for gro
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -6864,7 +6878,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Ungroup selection' in context menu for gro
   "type": "rectangle",
   "updated": 1,
   "version": 4,
-  "versionNonce": 747212839,
+  "versionNonce": 1723083209,
   "width": 10,
   "x": -10,
   "y": 0,
@@ -6891,14 +6905,14 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Ungroup selection' in context menu for gro
   "opacity": 100,
   "roughness": 1,
   "roundness": null,
-  "seed": 238820263,
+  "seed": 400692809,
   "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e",
   "strokeStyle": "solid",
   "strokeWidth": 2,
   "type": "rectangle",
   "updated": 1,
   "version": 4,
-  "versionNonce": 1723083209,
+  "versionNonce": 760410951,
   "width": 10,
   "x": 12,
   "y": 0,
@@ -7122,6 +7136,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for canvas > [end of test] app
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": {
     "items": [
@@ -7695,6 +7710,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for canvas > [end of test] app
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -7771,7 +7787,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for canvas > [end of test] app
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -7811,6 +7826,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for element > [end of test] ap
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": {
     "items": [
@@ -8695,6 +8711,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for element > [end of test] ap
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -8770,7 +8787,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for element > [end of test] ap
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,
@@ -8802,6 +8818,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for element > [end of test] ap
   },
   "bindMode": "orbit",
   "bindingPreference": "enabled",
+  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
   "collaborators": Map {},
   "contextMenu": {
     "items": [
@@ -9686,6 +9703,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for element > [end of test] ap
   "currentItemFillStyle": "solid",
   "currentItemFontFamily": 5,
   "currentItemFontSize": 20,
+  "currentItemFreedrawConstantPressure": true,
   "currentItemOpacity": 100,
   "currentItemRoughness": 1,
   "currentItemRoundness": "sharp",
@@ -9764,7 +9782,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for element > [end of test] ap
   "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
   "showWelcomeScreen": true,
   "snapLines": [],
-  "startBoundElement": null,
   "stats": {
     "open": false,
     "panels": 3,

packages/excalidraw/tests/animation.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { AnimationController } from "../renderer/animation";
+
+const FIRST_KEY = "animation-test-first";
+const SECOND_KEY = "animation-test-second";
+
+describe("AnimationController", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    window.EXCALIDRAW_THROTTLE_RENDER = false;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    AnimationController.cancel(FIRST_KEY);
+    AnimationController.cancel(SECOND_KEY);
+    window.EXCALIDRAW_THROTTLE_RENDER = undefined;
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  it("starts a new animation after the previous last animation was cancelled", async () => {
+    let firstFrames = 0;
+    AnimationController.start(FIRST_KEY, () => {
+      firstFrames++;
+      return { keep: true };
+    });
+
+    expect(firstFrames).toBe(1);
+
+    AnimationController.cancel(FIRST_KEY);
+    await vi.runOnlyPendingTimersAsync();
+
+    let secondFrames = 0;
+    AnimationController.start(SECOND_KEY, () => {
+      secondFrames++;
+      return secondFrames === 1 ? { keep: true } : null;
+    });
+
+    expect(secondFrames).toBe(1);
+
+    await vi.runOnlyPendingTimersAsync();
+
+    expect(secondFrames).toBe(2);
+    expect(AnimationController.running(SECOND_KEY)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("cancels a frame scheduled during a tick if no animations remain", async () => {
+    let firstFrames = 0;
+    let secondFrames = 0;
+
+    AnimationController.start(FIRST_KEY, ({ state }) => {
+      if (!state) {
+        return { keep: true };
+      }
+
+      firstFrames++;
+
+      AnimationController.start(SECOND_KEY, () => {
+        secondFrames++;
+        return { keep: true };
+      });
+      AnimationController.cancel(SECOND_KEY);
+
+      return null;
+    });
+
+    await vi.runOnlyPendingTimersAsync();
+
+    expect(firstFrames).toBe(1);
+    expect(secondFrames).toBe(1);
+    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(0);
+  });
+});

packages/excalidraw/tests/clipboard.test.tsx

@@ -305,8 +305,88 @@ describe("pasting & frames", () => {
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(h.elements.length).toBe(2);
+      expect(h.elements[0].type).toBe(rect.type);
+      expect(h.elements[0].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[1].id).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[0].index! < frame.index!).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("should layer pasted elements above the highest frame child", async () => {
+    const frame = API.createElement({
+      type: "frame",
+      width: 100,
+      height: 100,
+      x: 0,
+      y: 0,
+    });
+    const frameChild = API.createElement({
+      id: "frameChild",
+      type: "rectangle",
+      x: 10,
+      y: 10,
+      width: 20,
+      height: 20,
+      frameId: frame.id,
+    });
+    const rect = API.createElement({ type: "rectangle" });
+
+    API.setElements([frameChild, frame]);
+
+    const clipboardJSON = await serializeAsClipboardJSON({
+      elements: [rect],
+      files: null,
+    });
+
+    mouse.moveTo(50, 50);
+
+    pasteWithCtrlCmdV(clipboardJSON);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(h.elements.length).toBe(3);
       expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(rect.type);
       expect(h.elements[1].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
+        frameChild.id,
+        h.elements[1].id,
+        frame.id,
+      ]);
+      expect(h.elements[1].index! > frameChild.index!).toBe(true);
+      expect(h.elements[1].index! < frame.index!).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("should preserve denormalized pasted frame child order", async () => {
+    const frame = API.createElement({
+      type: "frame",
+      width: 100,
+      height: 100,
+      x: 0,
+      y: 0,
+    });
+    const frameChild = API.createElement({
+      type: "rectangle",
+      x: 10,
+      y: 10,
+      width: 20,
+      height: 20,
+      frameId: frame.id,
+    });
+
+    const clipboardJSON = await serializeAsClipboardJSON({
+      elements: [frame, frameChild],
+      files: null,
+    });
+
+    mouse.moveTo(200, 200);
+
+    pasteWithCtrlCmdV(clipboardJSON);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(h.elements.length).toBe(2);
+      expect(h.elements[0].type).toBe(frame.type);
+      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(frameChild.type);
+      expect(h.elements[1].frameId).toBe(h.elements[0].id);
     });
   });
 
@@ -379,8 +459,9 @@ describe("pasting & frames", () => {
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(h.elements.length).toBe(3);
-      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(rect.type);
-      expect(h.elements[1].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[0].type).toBe(rect.type);
+      expect(h.elements[0].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[1].id).toBe(frame.id);
       expect(h.elements[2].type).toBe(rect2.type);
       expect(h.elements[2].frameId).toBe(null);
     });
@@ -422,10 +503,11 @@ describe("pasting & frames", () => {
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(h.elements.length).toBe(3);
-      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(rect.type);
+      expect(h.elements[0].type).toBe(rect.type);
+      expect(h.elements[0].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(rect2.type);
       expect(h.elements[1].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements[2].type).toBe(rect2.type);
-      expect(h.elements[2].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[2].id).toBe(frame.id);
     });
   });
 
@@ -473,8 +555,9 @@ describe("pasting & frames", () => {
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(h.elements.length).toBe(4);
-      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(rect.type);
-      expect(h.elements[1].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[0].type).toBe(rect.type);
+      expect(h.elements[0].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[1].id).toBe(frame.id);
       expect(h.elements[2].type).toBe(rect2.type);
       expect(h.elements[2].frameId).toBe(h.elements[3].id);
       expect(h.elements[3].type).toBe(frame2.type);

packages/excalidraw/tests/data/restore.test.ts

@@ -160,6 +160,39 @@ describe("restoreElements", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("should restore only valid freedraw points and keep pressures aligned", () => {
+    const freedrawElement = API.createElement({
+      type: "freedraw",
+      id: "id-freedraw-invalid-points",
+      points: [pointFrom(0, 0), pointFrom(10, 10)],
+    });
+
+    const restoredFreedraw = restore.restoreElements(
+      [
+        {
+          ...freedrawElement,
+          simulatePressure: false,
+          points: [
+            pointFrom(0, 0),
+            [Infinity, 10],
+            null,
+            pointFrom(20, 20),
+            [NaN, 30],
+            [40, null],
+          ],
+          pressures: [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6],
+        } as any,
+      ],
+      null,
+    )[0] as ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement;
+
+    expect(restoredFreedraw.points).toEqual([
+      pointFrom(0, 0),
+      pointFrom(20, 20),
+    ]);
+    expect(restoredFreedraw.pressures).toEqual([0.1, 0.4]);
+  });
+
   it("should restore line and draw elements correctly", () => {
     const lineElement = API.createElement({ type: "line", id: "id-line01" });
 
@@ -400,6 +433,52 @@ describe("restoreElements", () => {
     expect(restoredLine.points).toMatchObject(expectedLinePoints);
   });
 
+  it("should restore only valid linear points", () => {
+    const lineElement: any = API.createElement({
+      type: "line",
+      x: 10,
+      y: 20,
+      width: 100,
+      height: 200,
+    });
+    const arrowElement: any = API.createElement({
+      type: "arrow",
+      width: 100,
+      height: 200,
+    });
+
+    lineElement.points = [
+      [2, 3],
+      null,
+      [Infinity, 4],
+      [5, 7],
+      [NaN, 8],
+      [9, null],
+    ];
+    arrowElement.points = [
+      [null, 0],
+      [Infinity, 4],
+    ];
+
+    const restoredElements = restore.restoreElements(
+      [lineElement, arrowElement],
+      null,
+    );
+    const restoredLine = restoredElements[0] as ExcalidrawLinearElement;
+    const restoredArrow = restoredElements[1] as ExcalidrawArrowElement;
+
+    expect(restoredLine.points).toEqual([pointFrom(0, 0), pointFrom(3, 4)]);
+    expect(restoredLine.x).toBe(12);
+    expect(restoredLine.y).toBe(23);
+    expect(restoredLine.width).toBe(3);
+    expect(restoredLine.height).toBe(4);
+
+    expect(restoredArrow.points).toEqual([
+      pointFrom(0, 0),
+      pointFrom(100, 200),
+    ]);
+  });
+
   it("when the number of points of a line is greater or equal 2", () => {
     const lineElement_0 = API.createElement({
       type: "line",

packages/excalidraw/tests/helpers/polyfills.ts

@@ -94,3 +94,42 @@ export const testPolyfills = {
   // https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/pull/4164#issuecomment-2172729965
   URL,
 };
+
+export const PolyfillLocalStorage = () => {
+  // Node.js 25+ provides a native localStorage global that shadows jsdom's,
+  // and jsdom's own localStorage also uses the native one -- both are broken
+  // (empty objects without Storage methods). On older Node versions, jsdom
+  // provides a working localStorage. This polyfill replaces localStorage on
+  // all supported versions with a standard Storage implementation backed by
+  // a Map, ensuring consistent behavior regardless of the Node.js version.
+  const storage = new Map<string, string>();
+  const storagePolyfill: Storage = {
+    get length() {
+      return storage.size;
+    },
+    clear() {
+      storage.clear();
+    },
+    key(index) {
+      return Array.from(storage.keys())[index] ?? null;
+    },
+    getItem(key) {
+      return storage.get(key) ?? null;
+    },
+    setItem(key, value) {
+      storage.set(key, value);
+    },
+    removeItem(key) {
+      storage.delete(key);
+    },
+    *[Symbol.iterator]() {
+      yield* storage.entries();
+    },
+  };
+
+  Object.defineProperty(window, "localStorage", {
+    value: storagePolyfill,
+    writable: true,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
+};

packages/excalidraw/tests/history.test.tsx

@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ describe("history", () => {
         expect.objectContaining({ id: rect2.id, isDeleted: true }),
       ]);
 
-      mouse.downAt(0, 0);
+      mouse.downAt(-10, -10);
       mouse.moveTo(25, 25);
       mouse.moveTo(50, 50);
       mouse.upAt(50, 50);
@@ -2120,6 +2120,9 @@ describe("history", () => {
       await render(
         <Excalidraw handleKeyboardGlobally={true} isCollaborating={true} />,
       );
+      // Pin the One Euro Filter clock to a fixed value so the smoothed
+      // intermediate freedraw point is deterministic regardless of system load.
+      vi.spyOn(h.app as any, "getPointerEventTimestamp").mockReturnValue(0);
     });
 
     it("should not override remote changes on different elements", async () => {

packages/excalidraw/tests/image.test.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { randomId, reseed } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { MIME_TYPES, randomId, reseed } from "@excalidraw/common";
 
 import type { FileId } from "@excalidraw/element/types";
 
@@ -17,18 +17,41 @@ import {
 } from "./fixtures/constants";
 import { INITIALIZED_IMAGE_PROPS } from "./helpers/constants";
 
+import type { ExcalidrawProps } from "../types";
+
 const { h } = window;
 
 export const setupImageTest = async (
   sizes: { width: number; height: number }[],
+  props?: ExcalidrawProps,
 ) => {
-  await render(<Excalidraw autoFocus={true} handleKeyboardGlobally={true} />);
+  await render(
+    <Excalidraw autoFocus={true} handleKeyboardGlobally={true} {...props} />,
+  );
 
   h.state.height = 1000;
 
   mockMultipleHTMLImageElements(sizes.map((size) => [size.width, size.height]));
 };
 
+describe("resizeImageFile", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+  });
+
+  it("returns the original file when it already fits the max dimensions", async () => {
+    mockMultipleHTMLImageElements([[100, 100]]);
+
+    const imageFile = new File([new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])], "image.png", {
+      type: MIME_TYPES.png,
+    });
+
+    await expect(
+      blobModule.resizeImageFile(imageFile, { maxWidthOrHeight: 200 }),
+    ).resolves.toBe(imageFile);
+  });
+});
+
 describe("image insertion", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks();
@@ -112,4 +135,42 @@ describe("image insertion", () => {
 
     await assert();
   });
+
+  it("passes host-configured max image dimensions to the resize helper", async () => {
+    await setupImageTest([DEER_IMAGE_DIMENSIONS], {
+      imageOptions: { maxWidthOrHeight: 2048 },
+    });
+
+    await API.drop([
+      { kind: "file", file: await API.loadFile("./fixtures/deer.png") },
+    ]);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(blobModule.resizeImageFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.any(File),
+        { maxWidthOrHeight: 2048 },
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("enforces host-configured max image file size", async () => {
+    await setupImageTest([DEER_IMAGE_DIMENSIONS], {
+      imageOptions: { maxFileSizeBytes: 1024 * 1024 },
+    });
+
+    await API.drop([
+      {
+        kind: "file",
+        file: new File([new Uint8Array(2 * 1024 * 1024)], "image.png", {
+          type: MIME_TYPES.png,
+        }),
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(h.state.errorMessage).toBe(
+        "File is too big. Maximum allowed size is 1MB.",
+      );
+    });
+  });
 });