feat(backend): setup FastAPI + SQLite + config

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/config.py

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+import os
+
+DATABASE_URL = os.getenv("DATABASE_URL", "sqlite:///./jardin.db")
+UPLOAD_DIR = os.getenv("UPLOAD_DIR", "./data/uploads")
+CORS_ORIGINS = os.getenv("CORS_ORIGINS", "http://localhost:5173").split(",")

backend/app/database.py

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+from sqlmodel import SQLModel, create_engine, Session
+from app.config import DATABASE_URL
+
+engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False})
+
+
+def get_session():
+    with Session(engine) as session:
+        yield session
+
+
+def create_db_and_tables():
+    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

backend/app/main.py

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+import os
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+
+from app.config import CORS_ORIGINS, UPLOAD_DIR
+from app.database import create_db_and_tables
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
+    os.makedirs(UPLOAD_DIR, exist_ok=True)
+    import app.models  # noqa — enregistre tous les modèles avant create_all
+    create_db_and_tables()
+    from app.seed import run_seed
+    run_seed()
+    yield
+
+
+app = FastAPI(title="Jardin API", lifespan=lifespan)
+
+app.add_middleware(
+    CORSMiddleware,
+    allow_origins=CORS_ORIGINS,
+    allow_methods=["*"],
+    allow_headers=["*"],
+)
+
+
+@app.get("/api/health")
+def health():
+    return {"status": "ok"}

backend/app/seed.py

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+def run_seed():
+    pass

backend/requirements.txt

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+fastapi==0.115.5
+uvicorn[standard]==0.32.1
+sqlmodel==0.0.22
+python-multipart==0.0.12
+aiofiles==24.1.0
+pytest==8.3.3
+httpx==0.28.0