remove agent.md

fix: clip frame children completely out of bounds
2026-03-18 21:29:14 +11:00 · 2026-03-18 21:16:40 +11:00
127 changed files with 1252 additions and 6946 deletions
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM node:24-bullseye
+FROM node:18-bullseye

 # Vite wants to open the browser using `open`, so we
 # need to install those utils.
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
        with:
          fetch-depth: 2
      - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: 20.x
      - name: Set up publish access
@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ jobs:
  build-docker:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - run: docker build -t excalidraw .
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 3
    steps:
-      - uses: styfle/cancel-workflow-action@ce177499ccf9fd2aded3b0426c97e5434c2e8a73 # 0.6.0
+      - uses: styfle/cancel-workflow-action@0.6.0
        with:
          workflow_id: 400555, 400556, 905313, 1451724, 1710116, 3185001, 3438604
          access_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: 20.x

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.PUSH_TRANSLATIONS_COVERAGE_PAT }}

      - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: 20.x

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
          echo ::set-output name=body::$body

      - name: Update description with coverage
-        uses: kt3k/update-pr-description@1b35a6dcd84d81aa0bc1889610efdcde7f37b0c0 # v1.0.1
+        uses: kt3k/update-pr-description@v1.0.1
        with:
          pr_body: ${{ steps.getCommentBody.outputs.body }}
          pr_title: "chore: Update translations from Crowdin"
@@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@465a07811f14bebb1938fbed4728c6a1ff8901fc # v2
+        uses: docker/login-action@v2
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@c7c53464625b32c7a7e944ae62b3e17d2b600130 # v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8d2750c68a42422c14e847fe6c8ac0403b4cbd6f # v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
      - name: Build and push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@ca052bb54ab0790a636c9b5f226502c73d547a25 # v5
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          context: .
          push: true
@@ -6,97 +6,11 @@ on:
      - opened
      - edited
      - synchronize
-      - labeled
-      - unlabeled

 jobs:
  semantic:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      pull-requests: read
    steps:
-      - uses: amannn/action-semantic-pull-request@e32d7e603df1aa1ba07e981f2a23455dee596825 # v5
-        with:
-          requireScope: true
-          scopes: |
-            app
-            editor
-            packages/excalidraw
-            packages/utils
-            docker
-            repo
-          ignoreLabels: |
-            skip-semantic-title
+      - uses: amannn/action-semantic-pull-request@v5
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-  label-scope:
-    needs: semantic
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
-    steps:
-      - name: Label scoped PR
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          PR_TITLE: ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
-          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-
-          scope_labels=(s-app s-editor s-package)
-
-          readarray -t desired_labels < <(
-            node <<'NODE'
-          const title = process.env.PR_TITLE;
-          const match = title.match(/^[a-z]+(?:\(([^)]+)\))?!?:/i);
-          const scopes = match?.[1]?.split(",").map((scope) => scope.trim()) ?? [];
-          const labels = new Set();
-
-          for (const scope of scopes) {
-            if (scope === "app") {
-              labels.add("s-app");
-            } else if (scope === "editor") {
-              labels.add("s-editor");
-            } else if (scope.startsWith("packages/")) {
-              labels.add("s-package");
-            }
-          }
-
-          process.stdout.write([...labels].join("\n"));
-          NODE
-          )
-
-          should_apply_label() {
-            local label="$1"
-
-            for desired_label in "${desired_labels[@]}"; do
-              if [[ "$desired_label" == "$label" ]]; then
-                return 0
-              fi
-            done
-
-            return 1
-          }
-
-          for label in "${scope_labels[@]}"; do
-            if ! should_apply_label "$label"; then
-              gh api \
-                --method DELETE \
-                "repos/${REPOSITORY}/issues/${PR_NUMBER}/labels/${label}" \
-                --silent 2>/dev/null || true
-            fi
-          done
-
-          for label in "${desired_labels[@]}"; do
-            if ! gh api \
-              --method POST \
-              "repos/${REPOSITORY}/issues/${PR_NUMBER}/labels" \
-              --field "labels[]=${label}" \
-              --silent; then
-              echo "::warning::Could not apply ${label}. The workflow token likely does not have issues:write permission for this PR."
-            fi
-          done
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ jobs:
  sentry:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: 20.x
      - name: Install and build
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ jobs:
      CI_JOB_NUMBER: 1
    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: 20.x
      - name: Install in packages/excalidraw
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
        working-directory: packages/excalidraw
        env:
          CI: true
-      - uses: andresz1/size-limit-action@e7493a72a44b113341c0cf6186ab49c17c4b65c1 # v1
+      - uses: andresz1/size-limit-action@v1
        with:
          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          build_script: build:esm
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ jobs:
      pull-requests: write

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - name: "Install Node"
-        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: "20.x"
      - name: "Install Deps"
@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@ jobs:
        run: yarn test:coverage
      - name: "Report Coverage"
        if: always() # Also generate the report if tests are failing
-        uses: davelosert/vitest-coverage-report-action@2500dafcee7dd64f85ab689c0b83798a8359770e # v2
+        uses: davelosert/vitest-coverage-report-action@v2
        with:
          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 20.x
      - name: Install and test
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} node:24@sha256:8530f76a96d88820d288761f022e318970dda93d01536919fbc16076b7983e63 AS build
+FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} node:18 AS build

 WORKDIR /opt/node_app

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ COPY . .
 # do not ignore optional dependencies:
 # Error: Cannot find module @rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/yarn \
-    npm_config_target_arch=${TARGETARCH} yarn --frozen-lockfile --network-timeout 600000
+    npm_config_target_arch=${TARGETARCH} yarn --network-timeout 600000

 ARG NODE_ENV=production

 RUN npm_config_target_arch=${TARGETARCH} yarn build:app:docker

-FROM nginx:stable-alpine-slim@sha256:2c605dbeab79a6b2a63340474fe58119d0ef95bdc4b1f41df0aa689659b3d13b
+FROM --platform=${TARGETPLATFORM} nginx:1.27-alpine

 COPY --from=build /opt/node_app/excalidraw-app/build /usr/share/nginx/html

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  <a href="https://docs.excalidraw.com/docs/introduction/contributing">
    <img alt="PRs welcome!" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/PRs-welcome-brightgreen.svg?style=flat"  /></a>
  <a href="https://discord.gg/UexuTaE">
-    <img alt="Chat on Discord" src="https://img.shields.io/discord/723672430744174682?color=738ad6&label=Chat%20on%20Discord&logo=discord&logoColor=ffffff&widget=false"/></a>
+    <img alt="Chat on Discord" src="https://img.shields.io/discord/723672430744174682?color=738ad6&label=Chat%20on%20Discord&logo=discord&logoColor=ffffff&widge=false"/></a>
  <a href="https://deepwiki.com/excalidraw/excalidraw">
    <img alt="Ask DeepWiki" src="https://deepwiki.com/badge.svg" /></a>
  <a href="https://twitter.com/excalidraw">
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ const config = {
                href: "https://discord.gg/UexuTaE",
              },
              {
-                label: "𝕏",
-                href: "https://x.com/excalidraw",
+                label: "Twitter",
+                href: "https://twitter.com/excalidraw",
              },
              {
                label: "Linkedin",
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import {
  get,
 } from "idb-keyval";

+import { appJotaiStore, atom } from "excalidraw-app/app-jotai";
 import { getNonDeletedElements } from "@excalidraw/element";

 import type { LibraryPersistedData } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/data/library";
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ import type {
 } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/types";
 import type { MaybePromise } from "@excalidraw/common/utility-types";

-import { appJotaiStore, atom } from "../app-jotai";
 import { SAVE_TO_LOCAL_STORAGE_TIMEOUT, STORAGE_KEYS } from "../app_constants";

 import { FileManager } from "./FileManager";
@@ -75,13 +75,6 @@ export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {
          find: /^@excalidraw\/utils\/(.*?)/,
          replacement: path.resolve(__dirname, "../packages/utils/src/$1"),
        },
-        {
-          find: /^@excalidraw\/fractional-indexing$/,
-          replacement: path.resolve(
-            __dirname,
-            "../packages/fractional-indexing/src/index.ts",
-          ),
-        },
      ],
    },
    build: {
@@ -56,8 +56,7 @@
    "build:element": "yarn --cwd ./packages/element build:esm",
    "build:excalidraw": "yarn --cwd ./packages/excalidraw build:esm",
    "build:math": "yarn --cwd ./packages/math build:esm",
-    "build:fractional-indexing": "yarn --cwd ./packages/fractional-indexing build:esm",
-    "build:packages": "yarn build:common && yarn build:fractional-indexing && yarn build:math && yarn build:element && yarn build:excalidraw",
+    "build:packages": "yarn build:common && yarn build:math && yarn build:element && yarn build:excalidraw",
    "build:version": "yarn --cwd ./excalidraw-app build:version",
    "build": "yarn --cwd ./excalidraw-app build",
    "build:preview": "yarn --cwd ./excalidraw-app build:preview",
@@ -337,10 +337,9 @@ export const MAX_DECIMALS_FOR_SVG_EXPORT = 2;
 export const EXPORT_SCALES = [1, 2, 3];
 export const DEFAULT_EXPORT_PADDING = 10; // px

-export const DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS: AppProps["imageOptions"] = {
-  maxWidthOrHeight: 1440,
-  maxFileSizeBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-};
+export const DEFAULT_MAX_IMAGE_WIDTH_OR_HEIGHT = 1440;
+
+export const MAX_ALLOWED_FILE_BYTES = 4 * 1024 * 1024;

 export const SVG_NS = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg";
 export const SVG_DOCUMENT_PREAMBLE = `<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import {
-  pointFrom,
  pointFromPair,
  type GlobalPoint,
  type LocalPoint,
@@ -70,12 +69,12 @@ export const getGridPoint = (
  x: number,
  y: number,
  gridSize: NullableGridSize,
-): GlobalPoint => {
+): [number, number] => {
  if (gridSize) {
-    return pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(
+    return [
      Math.round(x / gridSize) * gridSize,
      Math.round(y / gridSize) * gridSize,
-    );
+    ];
  }
-  return pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(x, y);
+  return [x, y];
 };
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@excalidraw/common": "0.18.0",
-    "@excalidraw/math": "0.18.0",
-    "@excalidraw/fractional-indexing": "3.3.0"
+    "@excalidraw/math": "0.18.0"
  }
 }
@@ -338,18 +338,27 @@ export class Scene {
    this.callbacks.clear();
  }

-  /** low-level - generally use app.insertNewElements() */
-  insertElementsAtIndex(
-    elements: ExcalidrawElement[],
-    /** null indicates end of the array */
-    index: number | null,
-  ) {
-    if (!elements.length) {
-      return;
+  insertElementAtIndex(element: ExcalidrawElement, index: number) {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(index) || index < 0) {
+      throw new Error(
+        "insertElementAtIndex can only be called with index >= 0",
+      );
    }

-    if (index === null) {
-      index = this.elements.length;
+    const nextElements = [
+      ...this.elements.slice(0, index),
+      element,
+      ...this.elements.slice(index),
+    ];
+
+    syncMovedIndices(nextElements, arrayToMap([element]));
+
+    this.replaceAllElements(nextElements);
+  }
+
+  insertElementsAtIndex(elements: ExcalidrawElement[], index: number) {
+    if (!elements.length) {
+      return;
    }

    if (!Number.isFinite(index) || index < 0) {
@@ -369,9 +378,24 @@ export class Scene {
    this.replaceAllElements(nextElements);
  }

-  /** low-level - generally use app.insertNewElement() */
  insertElement = (element: ExcalidrawElement) => {
-    this.insertElementsAtIndex([element], null);
+    const index = element.frameId
+      ? this.getElementIndex(element.frameId)
+      : this.elements.length;
+
+    this.insertElementAtIndex(element, index);
+  };
+
+  insertElements = (elements: ExcalidrawElement[]) => {
+    if (!elements.length) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const index = elements[0]?.frameId
+      ? this.getElementIndex(elements[0].frameId)
+      : this.elements.length;
+
+    this.insertElementsAtIndex(elements, index);
  };

  getElementIndex(elementId: string) {
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import {
  arrayToMap,
  getFeatureFlag,
-  getGridPoint,
  invariant,
  isTransparent,
 } from "@excalidraw/common";
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ import {
 } from "@excalidraw/math";

 import type { LineSegment, LocalPoint, Radians } from "@excalidraw/math";
-import type { AppState, NullableGridSize } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/types";
+import type { AppState } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/types";
 import type { MapEntry, Mutable } from "@excalidraw/common/utility-types";
 import type { Bounds } from "@excalidraw/common";

@@ -155,7 +154,6 @@ export const bindOrUnbindBindingElement = (
    altKey?: boolean;
    angleLocked?: boolean;
    initialBinding?: boolean;
-    gridSize?: NullableGridSize;
  },
 ) => {
  const { start, end } = getBindingStrategyForDraggingBindingElementEndpoints(
@@ -172,16 +170,12 @@ export const bindOrUnbindBindingElement = (
    },
  );

-  const isMidpointSnappingEnabled =
-    appState.isMidpointSnappingEnabled && !appState.gridModeEnabled;
-
  bindOrUnbindBindingElementEdge(
    arrow,
    start,
    "start",
    scene,
    appState.isBindingEnabled,
-    isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
  );
  bindOrUnbindBindingElementEdge(
    arrow,
@@ -189,7 +183,6 @@ export const bindOrUnbindBindingElement = (
    "end",
    scene,
    appState.isBindingEnabled,
-    isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
  );
  if (start.focusPoint || end.focusPoint) {
    // If the strategy dictates a focus point override, then
@@ -234,7 +227,6 @@ const bindOrUnbindBindingElementEdge = (
  startOrEnd: "start" | "end",
  scene: Scene,
  shouldSnapToOutline = true,
-  isMidpointSnappingEnabled = true,
 ): void => {
  if (mode === null) {
    // null means break the binding
@@ -248,7 +240,6 @@ const bindOrUnbindBindingElementEdge = (
      scene,
      focusPoint,
      shouldSnapToOutline,
-      isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
    );
  }
 };
@@ -602,7 +593,6 @@ export const getBindingStrategyForDraggingBindingElementEndpoints = (
    finalize?: boolean;
    initialBinding?: boolean;
    zoom?: AppState["zoom"];
-    gridSize?: NullableGridSize;
  },
 ): { start: BindingStrategy; end: BindingStrategy } => {
  if (getFeatureFlag("COMPLEX_BINDINGS")) {
@@ -643,7 +633,6 @@ const getBindingStrategyForDraggingBindingElementEndpoints_simple = (
    finalize?: boolean;
    initialBinding?: boolean;
    zoom?: AppState["zoom"];
-    gridSize?: NullableGridSize;
  },
 ): { start: BindingStrategy; end: BindingStrategy } => {
  const startIdx = 0;
@@ -706,9 +695,7 @@ const getBindingStrategyForDraggingBindingElementEndpoints_simple = (
    elementsMap,
  );
  const hit = getHoveredElementForBinding(
-    opts?.angleLocked || appState.gridModeEnabled
-      ? pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(scenePointerX, scenePointerY)
-      : globalPoint,
+    globalPoint,
    elements,
    elementsMap,
    maxBindingDistance_simple(appState.zoom),
@@ -747,11 +734,12 @@ const getBindingStrategyForDraggingBindingElementEndpoints_simple = (
    });

  // Handle outside-outside binding to the same element
-  if (
-    otherBinding &&
-    otherBinding.elementId === hit?.id &&
-    (!opts?.newArrow || appState.selectedLinearElement?.initialState.origin)
-  ) {
+  if (otherBinding && otherBinding.elementId === hit?.id) {
+    invariant(
+      !opts?.newArrow || appState.selectedLinearElement?.initialState.origin,
+      "appState.selectedLinearElement.initialState.origin must be defined for new arrows",
+    );
+
    return {
      start: {
        mode: "inside",
@@ -760,11 +748,7 @@ const getBindingStrategyForDraggingBindingElementEndpoints_simple = (
          ? globalPoint
          : // NOTE: Can only affect the start point because new arrows always drag the end point
          opts?.newArrow
-          ? getGridPoint(
-              appState.selectedLinearElement!.initialState.origin![0],
-              appState.selectedLinearElement!.initialState.origin![1],
-              opts.gridSize as NullableGridSize,
-            )
+          ? appState.selectedLinearElement!.initialState.origin!
          : LinearElementEditor.getPointAtIndexGlobalCoordinates(
              arrow,
              0,
@@ -823,27 +807,12 @@ const getBindingStrategyForDraggingBindingElementEndpoints_simple = (
          focusPoint:
            projectFixedPointOntoDiagonal(
              arrow,
-              opts?.angleLocked || appState.gridModeEnabled
-                ? snapBoundPointToGrid(
-                    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(scenePointerX, scenePointerY),
-                    hit,
-                    elementsMap,
-                    appState.gridSize as NullableGridSize,
-                    arrow,
-                    LinearElementEditor.getPointAtIndexGlobalCoordinates(
-                      arrow,
-                      startDragged ? 1 : -2,
-                      elementsMap,
-                    ),
-                  )
-                : globalPoint,
+              globalPoint,
              hit,
              startDragged ? "start" : "end",
              elementsMap,
              appState.zoom,
-              appState.isMidpointSnappingEnabled &&
-                !opts?.angleLocked &&
-                !appState.gridModeEnabled,
+              appState.isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
            ) || globalPoint,
        }
    : { mode: null };
@@ -888,7 +857,7 @@ const getBindingStrategyForDraggingBindingElementEndpoints_simple = (
              startDragged ? "end" : "start",
              elementsMap,
              appState.zoom,
-              false,
+              appState.isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
            ) || otherEndpoint,
        }
      : { mode: undefined }
@@ -1053,7 +1022,6 @@ export const bindBindingElement = (
  scene: Scene,
  focusPoint?: GlobalPoint,
  shouldSnapToOutline = true,
-  isMidpointSnappingEnabled = true,
 ): void => {
  const elementsMap = scene.getNonDeletedElementsMap();

@@ -1069,7 +1037,6 @@ export const bindBindingElement = (
        startOrEnd,
        elementsMap,
        shouldSnapToOutline,
-        isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
      ),
    };
  } else {
@@ -1774,92 +1741,6 @@ const extractBinding = (
  };
 };

-/**
- * Snaps a bound arrow endpoint to the grid on the axis parallel to the
- * bindable element's side, while preserving the binding gap distance on the
- * perpendicular axis. In other words, the grid axis closest to the side's
- * perpendicular (normal) is used as the snap axis and the other axis is kept at
- * the binding gap distance.
- */
-const snapBoundPointToGrid = (
-  outlinePoint: GlobalPoint,
-  bindableElement: ExcalidrawBindableElement,
-  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
-  gridSize: NullableGridSize,
-  arrowElement: ExcalidrawArrowElement,
-  adjacentPoint?: GlobalPoint,
-): GlobalPoint => {
-  if (!gridSize) {
-    return outlinePoint;
-  }
-
-  const aabb = aabbForElement(bindableElement, elementsMap);
-  // For ellipses and diamonds use the arrow's incoming direction instead of
-  // the position-based heading, which can give the wrong axis when the
-  // outline point is near a cardinal zone or an angled diamond face.
-  const heading =
-    adjacentPoint &&
-    (bindableElement.type === "ellipse" || bindableElement.type === "diamond")
-      ? vectorToHeading(vectorFromPoint(adjacentPoint, outlinePoint))
-      : headingForPointFromElement(bindableElement, aabb, outlinePoint);
-
-  const normalLocal = pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(heading[0], heading[1]);
-  const normalGlobal = pointRotateRads(
-    normalLocal,
-    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(0, 0),
-    bindableElement.angle,
-  );
-
-  const bindingGap = getBindingGap(bindableElement, arrowElement);
-  const extent =
-    Math.max(bindableElement.width, bindableElement.height) + bindingGap * 2;
-  const center = getCenterForBounds(aabb);
-
-  const absNX = Math.abs(normalGlobal[0]);
-  const absNY = Math.abs(normalGlobal[1]);
-  if (absNX >= absNY) {
-    // Global X is closest to the perpendicular so snap Y, intersect horizontal line
-    const [, snappedY] = getGridPoint(
-      outlinePoint[0],
-      outlinePoint[1],
-      gridSize,
-    );
-    const intersector = lineSegment<GlobalPoint>(
-      pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(center[0] - extent, snappedY),
-      pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(center[0] + extent, snappedY),
-    );
-    const intersection = intersectElementWithLineSegment(
-      bindableElement,
-      elementsMap,
-      intersector,
-      bindingGap,
-    ).sort(
-      (a, b) =>
-        pointDistanceSq(a, outlinePoint) - pointDistanceSq(b, outlinePoint),
-    )[0];
-
-    return intersection ?? pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(outlinePoint[0], snappedY);
-  }
-
-  // Global Y is closest to the perpendicular so snap X, intersect vertical line
-  const [snappedX] = getGridPoint(outlinePoint[0], outlinePoint[1], gridSize);
-  const intersector = lineSegment<GlobalPoint>(
-    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(snappedX, center[1] - extent),
-    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(snappedX, center[1] + extent),
-  );
-  const intersection = intersectElementWithLineSegment(
-    bindableElement,
-    elementsMap,
-    intersector,
-    bindingGap,
-  ).sort(
-    (a, b) =>
-      pointDistanceSq(a, outlinePoint) - pointDistanceSq(b, outlinePoint),
-  )[0];
-
-  return intersection ?? pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(snappedX, outlinePoint[1]);
-};
-
 const elementArea = (element: ExcalidrawBindableElement) =>
  element.width * element.height;

@@ -2062,9 +1943,9 @@ export const calculateFixedPointForElbowArrowBinding = (
  return {
    fixedPoint: normalizeFixedPoint([
      (nonRotatedSnappedGlobalPoint[0] - hoveredElement.x) /
-        Math.max(hoveredElement.width, PRECISION),
+        hoveredElement.width,
      (nonRotatedSnappedGlobalPoint[1] - hoveredElement.y) /
-        Math.max(hoveredElement.height, PRECISION),
+        hoveredElement.height,
    ]),
  };
 };
@@ -2095,11 +1976,9 @@ export const calculateFixedPointForNonElbowArrowBinding = (

  // Calculate the ratio relative to the element's bounds
  const fixedPointX =
-    (nonRotatedPoint[0] - hoveredElement.x) /
-    Math.max(hoveredElement.width, PRECISION);
+    (nonRotatedPoint[0] - hoveredElement.x) / hoveredElement.width;
  const fixedPointY =
-    (nonRotatedPoint[1] - hoveredElement.y) /
-    Math.max(hoveredElement.height, PRECISION);
+    (nonRotatedPoint[1] - hoveredElement.y) / hoveredElement.height;

  return {
    fixedPoint: normalizeFixedPoint([fixedPointX, fixedPointY]),
@@ -680,9 +680,8 @@ export const getMinMaxXYFromCurvePathOps = (
  return [minX, minY, maxX, maxY];
 };

-export const getBoundsFromPoints = <P extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
-  points: readonly P[],
-  padding: number = 0,
+export const getBoundsFromPoints = (
+  points: ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement["points"],
 ): Bounds => {
  let minX = Infinity;
  let minY = Infinity;
@@ -696,7 +695,7 @@ export const getBoundsFromPoints = <P extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
    maxY = Math.max(maxY, y);
  }

-  return [minX - padding, minY - padding, maxX + padding, maxY + padding];
+  return [minX, minY, maxX, maxY];
 };

 const getFreeDrawElementAbsoluteCoords = (
@@ -1262,17 +1261,6 @@ export const pointInsideBounds = <P extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
 ): boolean =>
  p[0] > bounds[0] && p[0] < bounds[2] && p[1] > bounds[1] && p[1] < bounds[3];

-// TODO make pointInsideBounds inclusive and remove this function once we
-// test nothing is breaking
-export const pointInsideBoundsInclusive = <P extends GlobalPoint | LocalPoint>(
-  p: P,
-  bounds: Bounds,
-): boolean =>
-  p[0] >= bounds[0] &&
-  p[0] <= bounds[2] &&
-  p[1] >= bounds[1] &&
-  p[1] <= bounds[3];
-
 export const doBoundsIntersect = (
  bounds1: Bounds | null,
  bounds2: Bounds | null,
@@ -1287,21 +1275,13 @@ export const doBoundsIntersect = (
  return minX1 < maxX2 && maxX1 > minX2 && minY1 < maxY2 && maxY1 > minY2;
 };

-export const boundsContainBounds = (outerBounds: Bounds, innerBounds: Bounds) =>
-  [
-    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(innerBounds[0], innerBounds[1]),
-    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(innerBounds[0], innerBounds[3]),
-    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(innerBounds[2], innerBounds[1]),
-    pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(innerBounds[2], innerBounds[3]),
-  ].every((point) => pointInsideBoundsInclusive(point, outerBounds));
-
 export const elementCenterPoint = (
  element: ExcalidrawElement,
  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
  xOffset: number = 0,
  yOffset: number = 0,
 ) => {
-  if (isLinearElement(element) || isFreeDrawElement(element)) {
+  if (isLinearElement(element)) {
    const [x1, y1, x2, y2] = getElementAbsoluteCoords(element, elementsMap);
    const [x, y] = pointFrom<GlobalPoint>((x1 + x2) / 2, (y1 + y2) / 2);

@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ import { distanceToElement } from "./distance";

 import { getBindingGap } from "./binding";

-import { hasBackground } from "./comparisons";
-
 import type {
  ElementsMap,
  ExcalidrawArrowElement,
@@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ export const shouldTestInside = (element: ExcalidrawElement) => {
  }

  const isDraggableFromInside =
-    (hasBackground(element.type) && !isTransparent(element.backgroundColor)) ||
+    !isTransparent(element.backgroundColor) ||
    hasBoundTextElement(element) ||
    isIframeLikeElement(element) ||
    isTextElement(element);
@@ -156,11 +154,14 @@ export const hitElementItself = ({

  // Hit test against the extended, rotated bounding box of the element first
  const bounds = getElementBounds(element, elementsMap, true);
-  const hitBounds = isPointInRotatedBounds(
-    point,
-    bounds,
-    element.angle,
-    threshold,
+  const hitBounds = isPointWithinBounds(
+    pointFrom(bounds[0] - threshold, bounds[1] - threshold),
+    pointRotateRads(
+      point,
+      getCenterForBounds(bounds),
+      -element.angle as Radians,
+    ),
+    pointFrom(bounds[2] + threshold, bounds[3] + threshold),
  );

  // PERF: Bail out early if the point is not even in the
@@ -191,32 +192,18 @@ export const hitElementItself = ({
  return result;
 };

-const isPointInRotatedBounds = (
-  point: GlobalPoint,
-  bounds: Bounds,
-  angle: Radians,
-  tolerance = 0,
-) => {
-  const adjustedPoint =
-    angle === 0
-      ? point
-      : pointRotateRads(point, getCenterForBounds(bounds), -angle as Radians);
-
-  return isPointWithinBounds(
-    pointFrom(bounds[0] - tolerance, bounds[1] - tolerance),
-    adjustedPoint,
-    pointFrom(bounds[2] + tolerance, bounds[3] + tolerance),
-  );
-};
-
 export const hitElementBoundingBox = (
  point: GlobalPoint,
  element: ExcalidrawElement,
  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
  tolerance = 0,
 ) => {
-  const bounds = getElementBounds(element, elementsMap, true);
-  return isPointInRotatedBounds(point, bounds, element.angle, tolerance);
+  let [x1, y1, x2, y2] = getElementBounds(element, elementsMap);
+  x1 -= tolerance;
+  y1 -= tolerance;
+  x2 += tolerance;
+  y2 += tolerance;
+  return isPointWithinBounds(pointFrom(x1, y1), point, pointFrom(x2, y2));
 };

 export const hitElementBoundingBoxOnly = (
@@ -326,10 +313,7 @@ export const getAllHoveredElementAtPoint = (
    ) {
      candidateElements.push(element);

-      if (
-        hasBackground(element.type) &&
-        !isTransparent(element.backgroundColor)
-      ) {
+      if (!isTransparent(element.backgroundColor)) {
        break;
      }
    }
@@ -481,12 +465,7 @@ export const intersectElementWithLineSegment = (
    case "line":
    case "freedraw":
    case "arrow":
-      return intersectLinearOrFreeDrawWithLineSegment(
-        element,
-        line,
-        elementsMap,
-        onlyFirst,
-      );
+      return intersectLinearOrFreeDrawWithLineSegment(element, line, onlyFirst);
  }
 };

@@ -553,15 +532,11 @@ const lineIntersections = (
 const intersectLinearOrFreeDrawWithLineSegment = (
  element: ExcalidrawLinearElement | ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
  segment: LineSegment<GlobalPoint>,
-  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
  onlyFirst = false,
 ): GlobalPoint[] => {
  // NOTE: This is the only one which return the decomposed elements
  // rotated! This is due to taking advantage of roughjs definitions.
-  const [lines, curves] = deconstructLinearOrFreeDrawElement(
-    element,
-    elementsMap,
-  );
+  const [lines, curves] = deconstructLinearOrFreeDrawElement(element);
  const intersections: GlobalPoint[] = [];

  for (const l of lines) {
@@ -589,9 +564,7 @@ const intersectLinearOrFreeDrawWithLineSegment = (
      continue;
    }

-    const hits = curveIntersectLineSegment(c, segment, {
-      iterLimit: 10,
-    });
+    const hits = curveIntersectLineSegment(c, segment);

    if (hits.length > 0) {
      intersections.push(...hits);
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export const distanceToElement = (
    case "line":
    case "arrow":
    case "freedraw":
-      return distanceToLinearOrFreeDraElement(element, elementsMap, p);
+      return distanceToLinearOrFreeDraElement(element, p);
  }
 };

@@ -133,13 +133,9 @@ const distanceToEllipseElement = (

 const distanceToLinearOrFreeDraElement = (
  element: ExcalidrawLinearElement | ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
-  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
  p: GlobalPoint,
 ) => {
-  const [lines, curves] = deconstructLinearOrFreeDrawElement(
-    element,
-    elementsMap,
-  );
+  const [lines, curves] = deconstructLinearOrFreeDrawElement(element);
  return Math.min(
    ...lines.map((s) => distanceToLineSegment(p, s)),
    ...curves.map((a) => curvePointDistance(a, p)),
@@ -111,9 +111,6 @@ export const duplicateElements = (
         * user interaction.
         */
        type: "everything";
-        // TODO remove/review this once we add frame children order migration
-        // and invariant checks
-        preserveFrameChildrenOrder?: boolean;
      }
    | {
        /**
@@ -173,8 +170,6 @@ export const duplicateElements = (
    opts.type === "in-place"
      ? opts.idsOfElementsToDuplicate
      : new Map(elements.map((el) => [el.id, el]));
-  const preserveFrameChildrenOrder =
-    opts.type === "everything" && opts.preserveFrameChildrenOrder;

  // For sanity
  if (opts.type === "in-place") {
@@ -255,9 +250,6 @@ export const duplicateElements = (
    elementsWithDuplicates.splice(index + 1, 0, ...castArray(elements));
  };

-  // main
-  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
  const frameIdsToDuplicate = new Set(
    elements
      .filter(
@@ -282,7 +274,7 @@ export const duplicateElements = (
    if (groupId) {
      const groupElements = getElementsInGroup(elements, groupId).flatMap(
        (element) =>
-          isFrameLikeElement(element) && !preserveFrameChildrenOrder
+          isFrameLikeElement(element)
            ? [...getFrameChildren(elements, element.id), element]
            : [element],
      );
@@ -298,25 +290,13 @@ export const duplicateElements = (
    // frame duplication
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

-    if (
-      !preserveFrameChildrenOrder &&
-      element.frameId &&
-      frameIdsToDuplicate.has(element.frameId)
-    ) {
+    if (element.frameId && frameIdsToDuplicate.has(element.frameId)) {
      continue;
    }

    if (isFrameLikeElement(element)) {
      const frameId = element.id;

-      if (preserveFrameChildrenOrder) {
-        insertBeforeOrAfterIndex(
-          findLastIndex(elementsWithDuplicates, (el) => el.id === frameId),
-          copyElements(element),
-        );
-        continue;
-      }
-
      const frameChildren = getFrameChildren(elements, frameId);

      const targetIndex = findLastIndex(elementsWithDuplicates, (el) => {
@@ -2124,8 +2124,8 @@ const normalizeArrowElementUpdate = (
    offsetY < -MAX_POS ||
    offsetY > MAX_POS ||
    offsetX + points[points.length - 1][0] < -MAX_POS ||
-    offsetX + points[points.length - 1][0] > MAX_POS ||
-    offsetY + points[points.length - 1][1] < -MAX_POS ||
+    offsetY + points[points.length - 1][0] > MAX_POS ||
+    offsetX + points[points.length - 1][1] < -MAX_POS ||
    offsetY + points[points.length - 1][1] > MAX_POS
  ) {
    console.error(
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { generateNKeysBetween } from "fractional-indexing";

-import {
-  validateOrderKey,
-  generateNKeysBetween,
-} from "@excalidraw/fractional-indexing";
+import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import { mutateElement, newElementWith } from "./mutateElement";
 import { getBoundTextElement } from "./textElement";
@@ -385,13 +382,6 @@ const isValidFractionalIndex = (
    return false;
  }

-  try {
-    // Format validation
-    validateOrderKey(index);
-  } catch {
-    return false;
-  }
-
  if (predecessor && successor) {
    return predecessor < index && index < successor;
  }
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";
 import { isPointWithinBounds, pointFrom } from "@excalidraw/math";
 import { doLineSegmentsIntersect } from "@excalidraw/utils/bbox";
+import { elementsOverlappingBBox } from "@excalidraw/utils/withinBounds";

 import type {
  AppClassProperties,
@@ -17,13 +18,9 @@ import {
  getElementLineSegments,
  getCommonBounds,
  getElementAbsoluteCoords,
-  doBoundsIntersect,
-  getElementBounds,
-  boundsContainBounds,
 } from "./bounds";
 import { mutateElement } from "./mutateElement";
 import { getBoundTextElement, getContainerElement } from "./textElement";
-import { syncMovedIndices } from "./fractionalIndex";
 import {
  isFrameElement,
  isFrameLikeElement,
@@ -103,9 +100,8 @@ export const isElementContainingFrame = (
  frame: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
 ) => {
-  return boundsContainBounds(
-    getElementBounds(element, elementsMap),
-    getElementBounds(frame, elementsMap),
+  return getElementsWithinSelection([frame], element, elementsMap).some(
+    (e) => e.id === frame.id,
  );
 };

@@ -492,44 +488,10 @@ export const filterElementsEligibleAsFrameChildren = (
  return eligibleElements;
 };

-export const getCommonFrameId = (elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[]) => {
-  let commonFrameId: ExcalidrawElement["frameId"] | undefined;
-
-  for (const element of elements) {
-    if (isFrameLikeElement(element) || !element.frameId) {
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    if (commonFrameId === undefined) {
-      commonFrameId = element.frameId;
-    } else if (commonFrameId !== element.frameId) {
-      return null;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return commonFrameId ?? null;
-};
-
-export const getFrameChildrenInsertionIndex = (
-  elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
-  frameId: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement["id"],
-): number | null => {
-  for (let index = elements.length - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
-    const element = elements[index];
-
-    if (element.id === frameId) {
-      return index;
-    } else if (element.frameId === frameId) {
-      return index + 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return null;
-};
-
 /**
- * Adds elements and their bound elements to frame. Reorders added elements to
- * be just below frame, or just above its highest child (whichever is higher).
+ * Retains (or repairs for target frame) the ordering invriant where children
+ * elements come right before the parent frame:
+ * [el, el, child, child, frame, el]
 *
 * @returns mutated allElements (same data structure)
 */
@@ -537,11 +499,19 @@ export const addElementsToFrame = <T extends ElementsMapOrArray>(
  allElements: T,
  elementsToAdd: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[],
  frame: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
+  appState: AppState,
 ): T => {
  const elementsMap = arrayToMap(allElements);
-  const commonFrameId = getCommonFrameId(elementsToAdd);
+  const currTargetFrameChildrenMap = new Map<ExcalidrawElement["id"], true>();
+  for (const element of allElements.values()) {
+    if (element.frameId === frame.id) {
+      currTargetFrameChildrenMap.set(element.id, true);
+    }
+  }

-  const finalElementsToAdd = new Set<ExcalidrawElement>();
+  const suppliedElementsToAddSet = new Set(elementsToAdd.map((el) => el.id));
+
+  const finalElementsToAdd: ExcalidrawElement[] = [];

  const otherFrames = new Set<ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement["id"]>();

@@ -552,8 +522,7 @@ export const addElementsToFrame = <T extends ElementsMapOrArray>(
  }

  // - add bound text elements if not already in the array
-  // - keep elements already in the frame so mixed selections can be reordered
-  //   together
+  // - filter out elements that are already in the frame
  for (const element of omitGroupsContainingFrameLikes(
    allElements,
    elementsToAdd,
@@ -566,68 +535,38 @@ export const addElementsToFrame = <T extends ElementsMapOrArray>(
      continue;
    }

-    if (element.frameId && element.frameId !== frame.id) {
+    // if the element is already in another frame (which is also in elementsToAdd),
+    // it means that frame and children are selected at the same time
+    // => keep original frame membership, do not add to the target frame
+    if (
+      element.frameId &&
+      appState.selectedElementIds[element.id] &&
+      appState.selectedElementIds[element.frameId]
+    ) {
      continue;
    }

-    finalElementsToAdd.add(element);
+    if (!currTargetFrameChildrenMap.has(element.id)) {
+      finalElementsToAdd.push(element);
+    }

    const boundTextElement = getBoundTextElement(element, elementsMap);
-    if (boundTextElement && !finalElementsToAdd.has(boundTextElement)) {
-      finalElementsToAdd.add(boundTextElement);
+    if (
+      boundTextElement &&
+      !suppliedElementsToAddSet.has(boundTextElement.id) &&
+      !currTargetFrameChildrenMap.has(boundTextElement.id)
+    ) {
+      finalElementsToAdd.push(boundTextElement);
    }
  }

  for (const element of finalElementsToAdd) {
-    // we don't always need to update the element if it's already in the frame,
-    // but we still need to accumulate in finalElementsToAdd so we potentially
-    // reorder them if added together
-    if (element.frameId !== frame.id) {
-      mutateElement(element, elementsMap, {
-        frameId: frame.id,
-      });
-    }
+    mutateElement(element, elementsMap, {
+      frameId: frame.id,
+    });
  }

-  // (re)order elements to be just below the frame,
-  // or just above the highest child if that is higher
-  // (latter case is denormalized order until we migrate)
-  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-  if (
-    !finalElementsToAdd.size ||
-    // if all elements to add already belong to the frame, then we don't want to
-    // reorder (case: we're dragging element children within the frame)
-    commonFrameId === frame.id
-  ) {
-    return allElements;
-  }
-
-  const otherElements = Array.from(allElements.values()).filter(
-    (element) => !finalElementsToAdd.has(element),
-  );
-  const insertionIndex = getFrameChildrenInsertionIndex(
-    otherElements,
-    frame.id,
-  );
-
-  if (insertionIndex === null) {
-    return allElements;
-  }
-
-  const reorderedElements = [
-    ...otherElements.slice(0, insertionIndex),
-    ...finalElementsToAdd,
-    ...otherElements.slice(insertionIndex),
-  ];
-
-  syncMovedIndices(reorderedElements, arrayToMap([...finalElementsToAdd]));
-
-  return (
-    Array.isArray(allElements)
-      ? reorderedElements
-      : new Map(reorderedElements.map((element) => [element.id, element]))
-  ) as T;
+  return allElements;
 };

 export const removeElementsFromFrame = (
@@ -681,11 +620,13 @@ export const replaceAllElementsInFrame = <T extends ExcalidrawElement>(
  allElements: readonly T[],
  nextElementsInFrame: ExcalidrawElement[],
  frame: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
+  app: AppClassProperties,
 ): T[] => {
  return addElementsToFrame(
    removeAllElementsFromFrame(allElements, frame),
    nextElementsInFrame,
    frame,
+    app.state,
  ).slice();
 };

@@ -931,6 +872,19 @@ export const shouldApplyFrameClip = (
    return true;
  }

+  // Elements that belong to a frame should still render through that frame's
+  // clip, even when fully outside the frame bounds (e.g. generated content).
+  if (
+    !appState.selectedElementsAreBeingDragged &&
+    element.frameId === frame.id
+  ) {
+    for (const groupId of element.groupIds) {
+      checkedGroups?.set(groupId, true);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
  // if an element is outside the frame, but is part of a group that has some elements
  // "in" the frame, we should clip the element
  if (
@@ -979,17 +933,16 @@ export const getFrameLikeTitle = (element: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement) => {
 export const getElementsOverlappingFrame = (
  elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
  frame: ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
-  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
 ) => {
-  return elements.filter(
-    (el) =>
-      // exclude elements which are overlapping, but are in a different frame,
+  return (
+    elementsOverlappingBBox({
+      elements,
+      bounds: frame,
+      type: "overlap",
+    })
+      // removes elements who are overlapping, but are in a different frame,
      // and thus invisible in target frame
-      (!el.frameId || el.frameId === frame.id) &&
-      doBoundsIntersect(
-        getElementBounds(el, elementsMap),
-        getElementBounds(frame, elementsMap),
-      ),
+      .filter((el) => !el.frameId || el.frameId === frame.id)
  );
 };

@@ -359,7 +359,6 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
      linearElementEditor,
    );

-    const angleLocked = shouldRotateWithDiscreteAngle(event);
    LinearElementEditor.movePoints(
      element,
      app.scene,
@@ -371,10 +370,7 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
      },
      {
        isBindingEnabled: app.state.isBindingEnabled,
-        isMidpointSnappingEnabled:
-          app.state.isMidpointSnappingEnabled &&
-          !angleLocked &&
-          !app.state.gridModeEnabled,
+        isMidpointSnappingEnabled: app.state.isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
      },
    );
    // Set the suggested binding from the updates if available
@@ -431,9 +427,7 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
                "start",
                elementsMap,
                app.state.zoom,
-                app.state.isMidpointSnappingEnabled &&
-                  !angleLocked &&
-                  !app.state.gridModeEnabled,
+                app.state.isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
              )
            : linearElementEditor.initialState.altFocusPoint,
      },
@@ -482,22 +476,16 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
      });
    }

-    if (
-      lastClickedPoint < 0 ||
-      !selectedPointsIndices.includes(lastClickedPoint) ||
-      !element.points[lastClickedPoint]
-    ) {
-      console.error(
-        `There must be a valid lastClickedPoint in order to drag it. selectedPointsIndices(${JSON.stringify(
-          selectedPointsIndices,
-        )}) points(0..${
-          element.points.length - 1
-        }) lastClickedPoint(${lastClickedPoint}) isElbowArrow: ${elbowed}`,
-      );
-
-      // Fall back to the actual last point as a last resort.
-      lastClickedPoint = element.points.length - 1;
-    }
+    invariant(
+      lastClickedPoint > -1 &&
+        selectedPointsIndices.includes(lastClickedPoint) &&
+        element.points[lastClickedPoint],
+      `There must be a valid lastClickedPoint in order to drag it. selectedPointsIndices(${JSON.stringify(
+        selectedPointsIndices,
+      )}) points(0..${
+        element.points.length - 1
+      }) lastClickedPoint(${lastClickedPoint})`,
+    );

    // point that's being dragged (out of all selected points)
    const draggingPoint = element.points[lastClickedPoint];
@@ -560,8 +548,6 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
      linearElementEditor,
    );

-    const angleLocked =
-      shouldRotateWithDiscreteAngle(event) && singlePointDragged;
    LinearElementEditor.movePoints(
      element,
      app.scene,
@@ -573,10 +559,7 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
      },
      {
        isBindingEnabled: app.state.isBindingEnabled,
-        isMidpointSnappingEnabled:
-          app.state.isMidpointSnappingEnabled &&
-          !angleLocked &&
-          !app.state.gridModeEnabled,
+        isMidpointSnappingEnabled: app.state.isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
      },
    );

@@ -672,9 +655,7 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
                "start",
                elementsMap,
                app.state.zoom,
-                app.state.isMidpointSnappingEnabled &&
-                  !angleLocked &&
-                  !app.state.gridModeEnabled,
+                app.state.isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
              )
            : linearElementEditor.initialState.altFocusPoint,
      },
@@ -813,7 +794,6 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
          element.points[index + 1],
          index,
          appState.zoom,
-          elementsMap,
        )
      ) {
        midpoints.push(null);
@@ -823,7 +803,6 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
      const segmentMidPoint = LinearElementEditor.getSegmentMidPoint(
        element,
        index + 1,
-        elementsMap,
      );
      midpoints.push(segmentMidPoint);
      index++;
@@ -911,7 +890,6 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
    endPoint: P,
    index: number,
    zoom: Zoom,
-    elementsMap: ElementsMap,
  ) {
    if (isElbowArrow(element)) {
      if (index >= 0 && index < element.points.length) {
@@ -926,10 +904,7 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {

    let distance = pointDistance(startPoint, endPoint);
    if (element.points.length > 2 && element.roundness) {
-      const [lines, curves] = deconstructLinearOrFreeDrawElement(
-        element,
-        elementsMap,
-      );
+      const [lines, curves] = deconstructLinearOrFreeDrawElement(element);

      invariant(
        lines.length === 0 && curves.length > 0,
@@ -949,7 +924,6 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
  static getSegmentMidPoint(
    element: NonDeleted<ExcalidrawLinearElement>,
    index: number,
-    elementsMap: ElementsMap,
  ): GlobalPoint {
    if (isElbowArrow(element)) {
      invariant(
@@ -962,10 +936,7 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
      return pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(element.x + p[0], element.y + p[1]);
    }

-    const [lines, curves] = deconstructLinearOrFreeDrawElement(
-      element,
-      elementsMap,
-    );
+    const [lines, curves] = deconstructLinearOrFreeDrawElement(element);

    invariant(
      (lines.length === 0 && curves.length > 0) ||
@@ -1880,7 +1851,6 @@ export class LinearElementEditor {
      const midSegmentMidpoint = LinearElementEditor.getSegmentMidPoint(
        element,
        index + 1,
-        elementsMap,
      );

      x = midSegmentMidpoint[0] - boundTextElement.width / 2;
@@ -2152,13 +2122,13 @@ const pointDraggingUpdates = (
 } => {
  const naiveDraggingPoints = new Map(
    selectedPointsIndices.map((pointIndex) => {
-      // NOTE: Avoid stale point index issue potentially caused by elbow
-      // arrows unpredictably changing the number of points during dragging
-      const point = element.points[pointIndex] ?? element.points.at(-1);
      return [
        pointIndex,
        {
-          point: pointFrom<LocalPoint>(point[0] + deltaX, point[1] + deltaY),
+          point: pointFrom<LocalPoint>(
+            element.points[pointIndex][0] + deltaX,
+            element.points[pointIndex][1] + deltaY,
+          ),
          isDragging: true,
        },
      ];
@@ -2189,7 +2159,6 @@ const pointDraggingUpdates = (
      newArrow: !!app.state.newElement,
      angleLocked,
      altKey,
-      gridSize: app.getEffectiveGridSize(),
    },
  );

@@ -2431,7 +2400,7 @@ const pointDraggingUpdates = (
    ? nextArrow.points[0]
    : endBindable
    ? updateBoundPoint(
-        nextArrow,
+        element,
        "endBinding",
        nextArrow.endBinding,
        endBindable,
@@ -2462,7 +2431,7 @@ const pointDraggingUpdates = (
      ? endLocalPoint
      : startBindable
      ? updateBoundPoint(
-          nextArrow,
+          element,
          "startBinding",
          nextArrow.startBinding,
          startBindable,
@@ -1,34 +1,16 @@
-import { arrayToMap, isShallowEqual, type Bounds } from "@excalidraw/common";
-import {
-  lineSegment,
-  pointFrom,
-  pointRotateRads,
-  type GlobalPoint,
-} from "@excalidraw/math";
+import { arrayToMap, isShallowEqual } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import type {
  AppState,
-  BoxSelectionMode,
  InteractiveCanvasAppState,
 } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/types";

-import {
-  boundsContainBounds,
-  doBoundsIntersect,
-  elementCenterPoint,
-  getElementAbsoluteCoords,
-  getElementBounds,
-  pointInsideBounds,
-} from "./bounds";
-import { intersectElementWithLineSegment } from "./collision";
+import { getElementAbsoluteCoords, getElementBounds } from "./bounds";
 import { isElementInViewport } from "./sizeHelpers";
 import {
-  isArrowElement,
  isBoundToContainer,
  isFrameLikeElement,
-  isFreeDrawElement,
  isLinearElement,
-  isTextElement,
 } from "./typeChecks";
 import {
  elementOverlapsWithFrame,
@@ -38,33 +20,14 @@ import {

 import { LinearElementEditor } from "./linearElementEditor";
 import { selectGroupsForSelectedElements } from "./groups";
-import { getBoundTextElement } from "./textElement";

 import type {
  ElementsMap,
  ElementsMapOrArray,
  ExcalidrawElement,
-  ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
-  NonDeleted,
  NonDeletedExcalidrawElement,
 } from "./types";

-const shouldIgnoreElementFromSelection = (
-  element: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement,
-) => element.locked || isBoundToContainer(element);
-
-const excludeElementsFromFrames = <T extends ExcalidrawElement>(
-  selectedElements: readonly T[],
-  framesInSelection: Set<ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement["id"]>,
-) => {
-  return selectedElements.filter((element) => {
-    if (element.frameId && framesInSelection.has(element.frameId)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  });
-};
-
 /**
 * Frames and their containing elements are not to be selected at the same time.
 * Given an array of selected elements, if there are frames and their containing elements
@@ -84,286 +47,68 @@ export const excludeElementsInFramesFromSelection = <
    }
  });

-  return excludeElementsFromFrames(selectedElements, framesInSelection);
+  return selectedElements.filter((element) => {
+    if (element.frameId && framesInSelection.has(element.frameId)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  });
 };

 export const getElementsWithinSelection = (
  elements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[],
  selection: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement,
  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
-  // TODO remove (this flag is effectively unused AFAIK)
  excludeElementsInFrames: boolean = true,
-  boxSelectionMode: BoxSelectionMode = "contain",
-): NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[] => {
-  const [selectionStartX, selectionStartY, selectionEndX, selectionEndY] =
+) => {
+  const [selectionX1, selectionY1, selectionX2, selectionY2] =
    getElementAbsoluteCoords(selection, elementsMap);
-  const selectionX1 = Math.min(selectionStartX, selectionEndX);
-  const selectionY1 = Math.min(selectionStartY, selectionEndY);
-  const selectionX2 = Math.max(selectionStartX, selectionEndX);
-  const selectionY2 = Math.max(selectionStartY, selectionEndY);
-  const selectionBounds = [
-    selectionX1,
-    selectionY1,
-    selectionX2,
-    selectionY2,
-  ] as Bounds;
-  const selectionEdges = [
-    lineSegment<GlobalPoint>(
-      pointFrom(selectionX1, selectionY1),
-      pointFrom(selectionX2, selectionY1),
-    ),
-    lineSegment<GlobalPoint>(
-      pointFrom(selectionX2, selectionY1),
-      pointFrom(selectionX2, selectionY2),
-    ),
-    lineSegment<GlobalPoint>(
-      pointFrom(selectionX2, selectionY2),
-      pointFrom(selectionX1, selectionY2),
-    ),
-    lineSegment<GlobalPoint>(
-      pointFrom(selectionX1, selectionY2),
-      pointFrom(selectionX1, selectionY1),
-    ),
-  ];

-  const framesInSelection = excludeElementsInFrames
-    ? new Set<NonDeletedExcalidrawElement["id"]>()
-    : null;
-  const groups: Record<string, NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[]> = {};
-  const elementsInSelection: Set<NonDeletedExcalidrawElement> = new Set();
+  let elementsInSelection = elements.filter((element) => {
+    let [elementX1, elementY1, elementX2, elementY2] = getElementBounds(
+      element,
+      elementsMap,
+    );

-  for (const element of elements) {
-    if (shouldIgnoreElementFromSelection(element)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // Track only selectable top-level group members, so ignored elements such
-    // as bound text and locked elements don't affect group selection.
-    const groupId = element.groupIds.at(-1);
-    if (groupId) {
-      if (!groups[groupId]) {
-        groups[groupId] = [];
-      }
-      groups[groupId].push(element);
-    }
-
-    const strokeWidth = element.strokeWidth;
-    let labelAABB: Bounds | null = null;
-    let elementAABB = getElementBounds(element, elementsMap);
-
-    elementAABB = [
-      elementAABB[0] - strokeWidth / 2,
-      elementAABB[1] - strokeWidth / 2,
-      elementAABB[2] + strokeWidth / 2,
-      elementAABB[3] + strokeWidth / 2,
-    ] as Bounds;
-
-    // Whether the element bounds should include the bound text element bounds
-    const boundTextElement =
-      isArrowElement(element) && getBoundTextElement(element, elementsMap);
-    if (boundTextElement) {
-      const { x, y } = LinearElementEditor.getBoundTextElementPosition(
-        element,
-        boundTextElement,
+    const containingFrame = getContainingFrame(element, elementsMap);
+    if (containingFrame) {
+      const [fx1, fy1, fx2, fy2] = getElementBounds(
+        containingFrame,
        elementsMap,
      );
-      labelAABB = [
-        x,
-        y,
-        x + boundTextElement.width,
-        y + boundTextElement.height,
-      ] as Bounds;
+
+      elementX1 = Math.max(fx1, elementX1);
+      elementY1 = Math.max(fy1, elementY1);
+      elementX2 = Math.min(fx2, elementX2);
+      elementY2 = Math.min(fy2, elementY2);
    }

-    // Clip element bounds by its containing frame (if any), since only the
-    // visible (frame-clipped) portion of the element is relevant for selection.
-    const associatedFrame = getContainingFrame(element, elementsMap);
-    if (
-      associatedFrame &&
-      elementOverlapsWithFrame(element, associatedFrame, elementsMap)
-    ) {
-      const frameAABB = getElementBounds(associatedFrame, elementsMap);
-      elementAABB = [
-        Math.max(elementAABB[0], frameAABB[0]),
-        Math.max(elementAABB[1], frameAABB[1]),
-        Math.min(elementAABB[2], frameAABB[2]),
-        Math.min(elementAABB[3], frameAABB[3]),
-      ] as Bounds;
+    return (
+      element.locked === false &&
+      element.type !== "selection" &&
+      !isBoundToContainer(element) &&
+      selectionX1 <= elementX1 &&
+      selectionY1 <= elementY1 &&
+      selectionX2 >= elementX2 &&
+      selectionY2 >= elementY2
+    );
+  });

-      labelAABB = labelAABB
-        ? ([
-            Math.max(labelAABB[0], frameAABB[0]),
-            Math.max(labelAABB[1], frameAABB[1]),
-            Math.min(labelAABB[2], frameAABB[2]),
-            Math.min(labelAABB[3], frameAABB[3]),
-          ] as Bounds)
-        : null;
+  elementsInSelection = excludeElementsInFrames
+    ? excludeElementsInFramesFromSelection(elementsInSelection)
+    : elementsInSelection;
+
+  elementsInSelection = elementsInSelection.filter((element) => {
+    const containingFrame = getContainingFrame(element, elementsMap);
+
+    if (containingFrame) {
+      return elementOverlapsWithFrame(element, containingFrame, elementsMap);
    }

-    const commonAABB = labelAABB
-      ? ([
-          Math.min(labelAABB[0], elementAABB[0]),
-          Math.min(labelAABB[1], elementAABB[1]),
-          Math.max(labelAABB[2], elementAABB[2]),
-          Math.max(labelAABB[3], elementAABB[3]),
-        ] as Bounds)
-      : elementAABB;
+    return true;
+  });

-    // ============== Evaluation ==============
-
-    // 1. If the selection box WRAPs the element's AABB, then add it to the
-    //    selection and move on, regardless of the selection mode.
-    //
-    //    PERF: This trick only works with axis-aligned box selection and the
-    //          current convex element shapes!
-    if (boundsContainBounds(selectionBounds, commonAABB)) {
-      if (framesInSelection && isFrameLikeElement(element)) {
-        framesInSelection.add(element.id);
-      }
-      elementsInSelection.add(element);
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // 2. Handle the case where the label is overlapped by the selection box
-    if (
-      boxSelectionMode === "overlap" &&
-      labelAABB &&
-      doBoundsIntersect(selectionBounds, labelAABB)
-    ) {
-      elementsInSelection.add(element);
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // 3. Handle the case where the selection is not wrapping the element, but
-    //    it does intersect the element's outline (non-AABB).
-    if (
-      boxSelectionMode === "overlap" &&
-      doBoundsIntersect(selectionBounds, elementAABB)
-    ) {
-      let hasIntersection = false;
-
-      // Preliminary check potential intersection imprecision
-      if (isLinearElement(element) || isFreeDrawElement(element)) {
-        const center = elementCenterPoint(element, elementsMap);
-        hasIntersection = element.points.some((point) => {
-          const rotatedPoint = pointRotateRads(
-            pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(element.x + point[0], element.y + point[1]),
-            center,
-            element.angle,
-          );
-
-          return pointInsideBounds(rotatedPoint, selectionBounds);
-        });
-      } else {
-        const nonRotatedElementBounds = getElementBounds(
-          element,
-          elementsMap,
-          true,
-        );
-        const center = elementCenterPoint(element, elementsMap);
-        hasIntersection = [
-          pointRotateRads(
-            pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(
-              (nonRotatedElementBounds[0] + nonRotatedElementBounds[2]) / 2,
-              nonRotatedElementBounds[1],
-            ),
-            center,
-            element.angle,
-          ),
-          pointRotateRads(
-            pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(
-              nonRotatedElementBounds[2],
-              (nonRotatedElementBounds[1] + nonRotatedElementBounds[3]) / 2,
-            ),
-            center,
-            element.angle,
-          ),
-          pointRotateRads(
-            pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(
-              (nonRotatedElementBounds[0] + nonRotatedElementBounds[2]) / 2,
-              nonRotatedElementBounds[3],
-            ),
-            center,
-            element.angle,
-          ),
-          pointRotateRads(
-            pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(
-              nonRotatedElementBounds[0],
-              (nonRotatedElementBounds[1] + nonRotatedElementBounds[3]) / 2,
-            ),
-            center,
-            element.angle,
-          ),
-        ].some((point) => {
-          return pointInsideBounds(
-            pointRotateRads(point, center, element.angle),
-            selectionBounds,
-          );
-        });
-      }
-
-      if (!hasIntersection) {
-        hasIntersection = selectionEdges.some(
-          (selectionEdge) =>
-            intersectElementWithLineSegment(
-              element,
-              elementsMap,
-              selectionEdge,
-              strokeWidth / 2,
-              true, // Stop at first hit for better performance
-            ).length > 0,
-        );
-      }
-
-      if (hasIntersection) {
-        if (framesInSelection && isFrameLikeElement(element)) {
-          framesInSelection.add(element.id);
-        }
-
-        elementsInSelection.add(element);
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // 4. We don't need to handle when the selection is inside the element
-    //    as it is separately handled in App.
-  }
-
-  if (framesInSelection) {
-    elementsInSelection.forEach((element) => {
-      if (element.frameId && framesInSelection.has(element.frameId)) {
-        elementsInSelection.delete(element);
-      }
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (boxSelectionMode === "overlap") {
-    Array.from(elementsInSelection).forEach((element) => {
-      const groupId = element.groupIds.at(-1);
-      const group = groupId ? groups[groupId] : null;
-
-      group?.forEach((groupElement) => elementsInSelection.add(groupElement));
-    });
-  } else if (boxSelectionMode === "contain") {
-    elementsInSelection.forEach((element) => {
-      // note: currently we only support top-level group handling since
-      // we don't support box selecting while editing the group/subgroup
-      // see https://github.com/excalidraw/excalidraw/pull/11234#issuecomment-4387654451
-      const groupId = element.groupIds.at(-1);
-
-      const group = groupId ? groups[groupId] : null;
-
-      if (
-        group &&
-        !group.every((groupElement) => elementsInSelection.has(groupElement))
-      ) {
-        elementsInSelection.delete(element);
-      }
-    });
-  }
-
-  // to maintain original order elements (namely for group selection)
-  return elements.filter((element) => elementsInSelection.has(element));
+  return elementsInSelection;
 };

 export const getVisibleAndNonSelectedElements = (
@@ -543,19 +288,3 @@ export const getSelectionStateForElements = (
    ),
  };
 };
-
-/**
- * Returns editing or single-selected text element, if any.
- */
-export const getActiveTextElement = (
-  selectedElements: readonly NonDeleted<ExcalidrawElement>[],
-  appState: Pick<AppState, "editingTextElement">,
-) => {
-  const activeTextElement =
-    appState.editingTextElement ||
-    (selectedElements.length === 1 &&
-      isTextElement(selectedElements[0]) &&
-      selectedElements[0]);
-
-  return activeTextElement || null;
-};
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ import { headingForPointIsHorizontal } from "./heading";

 import { canChangeRoundness } from "./comparisons";
 import {
-  elementCenterPoint,
  getArrowheadPoints,
+  getCenterForBounds,
  getDiamondPoints,
  getElementAbsoluteCoords,
 } from "./bounds";
@@ -583,11 +583,7 @@ const getArrowheadShapes = (

 export const generateLinearCollisionShape = (
  element: ExcalidrawLinearElement | ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
-  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
-): {
-  op: string;
-  data: number[];
-}[] => {
+) => {
  const generator = new RoughGenerator();
  const options: Options = {
    seed: element.seed,
@@ -596,7 +592,20 @@ export const generateLinearCollisionShape = (
    roughness: 0,
    preserveVertices: true,
  };
-  const center = elementCenterPoint(element, elementsMap);
+  const center = getCenterForBounds(
+    // Need a non-rotated center point
+    element.points.reduce(
+      (acc, point) => {
+        return [
+          Math.min(element.x + point[0], acc[0]),
+          Math.min(element.y + point[1], acc[1]),
+          Math.max(element.x + point[0], acc[2]),
+          Math.max(element.y + point[1], acc[3]),
+        ];
+      },
+      [Infinity, Infinity, -Infinity, -Infinity],
+    ),
+  );

  switch (element.type) {
    case "line":
@@ -1,56 +1,59 @@
-import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { arrayToMapWithIndex } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import type { ExcalidrawElement } from "./types";

-const defragmentGroups = (elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[]) => {
-  const groupIdAtLevel = (element: ExcalidrawElement, level: number) => {
-    return element.groupIds[element.groupIds.length - level - 1];
-  };
+const normalizeGroupElementOrder = (elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[]) => {
+  const origElements: ExcalidrawElement[] = elements.slice();
+  const sortedElements = new Set<ExcalidrawElement>();

-  const orderLevel = (
-    levelElements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
-    level: number,
+  const orderInnerGroups = (
+    elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
  ): ExcalidrawElement[] => {
-    const buckets = new Map<string, ExcalidrawElement[]>();
-    // Slots preserve first-occurrence order: a groupId reserves its slot
-    // the first time one of its members is seen; loose elements occupy
-    // their own slot. Groups are then expanded (and recursed into) in place.
-    const slots: (ExcalidrawElement | string)[] = [];
-
-    for (const element of levelElements) {
-      const groupId = groupIdAtLevel(element, level);
-      if (groupId === undefined) {
-        slots.push(element);
-        continue;
+    const firstGroupSig = elements[0]?.groupIds?.join("");
+    const aGroup: ExcalidrawElement[] = [elements[0]];
+    const bGroup: ExcalidrawElement[] = [];
+    for (const element of elements.slice(1)) {
+      if (element.groupIds?.join("") === firstGroupSig) {
+        aGroup.push(element);
+      } else {
+        bGroup.push(element);
      }
-      let bucket = buckets.get(groupId);
-      if (!bucket) {
-        bucket = [];
-        buckets.set(groupId, bucket);
-        slots.push(groupId);
-      }
-      bucket.push(element);
    }
-
-    return slots.flatMap((slot) =>
-      typeof slot === "string"
-        ? orderLevel(buckets.get(slot)!, level + 1)
-        : [slot],
-    );
+    return bGroup.length ? [...aGroup, ...orderInnerGroups(bGroup)] : aGroup;
  };

-  // `groupIds` is stored innermost-first, so the outermost group is the
-  // last entry. We recurse from level 0 (outermost) inward.
-  const sortedElements = orderLevel(elements, 0);
+  const groupHandledElements = new Map<string, true>();
+
+  origElements.forEach((element, idx) => {
+    if (groupHandledElements.has(element.id)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (element.groupIds?.length) {
+      const topGroup = element.groupIds[element.groupIds.length - 1];
+      const groupElements = origElements.slice(idx).filter((element) => {
+        const ret = element?.groupIds?.some((id) => id === topGroup);
+        if (ret) {
+          groupHandledElements.set(element!.id, true);
+        }
+        return ret;
+      });
+
+      for (const elem of orderInnerGroups(groupElements)) {
+        sortedElements.add(elem);
+      }
+    } else {
+      sortedElements.add(element);
+    }
+  });

  // if there's a bug which resulted in losing some of the elements, return
  // original instead as that's better than losing data
-  if (sortedElements.length !== elements.length) {
-    console.error("defragmentGroups: lost some elements... bailing!");
+  if (sortedElements.size !== elements.length) {
+    console.error("normalizeGroupElementOrder: lost some elements... bailing!");
    return elements;
  }

-  return sortedElements;
+  return [...sortedElements];
 };

 /**
@@ -65,40 +68,39 @@ const defragmentGroups = (elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[]) => {
 const normalizeBoundElementsOrder = (
  elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
 ) => {
-  const elementsMap = arrayToMap(elements);
+  const elementsMap = arrayToMapWithIndex(elements);

+  const origElements: (ExcalidrawElement | null)[] = elements.slice();
  const sortedElements = new Set<ExcalidrawElement>();

-  for (const element of elements) {
-    if (sortedElements.has(element)) {
-      continue;
+  origElements.forEach((element, idx) => {
+    if (!element) {
+      return;
    }
-
    if (element.boundElements?.length) {
      sortedElements.add(element);
-      for (const boundElement of element.boundElements) {
+      origElements[idx] = null;
+      element.boundElements.forEach((boundElement) => {
        const child = elementsMap.get(boundElement.id);
        if (child && boundElement.type === "text") {
-          sortedElements.add(child);
+          sortedElements.add(child[0]);
+          origElements[child[1]] = null;
        }
+      });
+    } else if (element.type === "text" && element.containerId) {
+      const parent = elementsMap.get(element.containerId);
+      if (!parent?.[0].boundElements?.find((x) => x.id === element.id)) {
+        sortedElements.add(element);
+        origElements[idx] = null;
+
+        // if element has a container and container lists it, skip this element
+        // as it'll be taken care of by the container
      }
-      continue;
+    } else {
+      sortedElements.add(element);
+      origElements[idx] = null;
    }
-
-    // if element has a container and container lists it, skip this element
-    // as it'll be taken care of by the container
-    if (
-      element.type === "text" &&
-      element.containerId &&
-      elementsMap
-        .get(element.containerId)
-        ?.boundElements?.some((el) => el.id === element.id)
-    ) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    sortedElements.add(element);
-  }
+  });

  // if there's a bug which resulted in losing some of the elements, return
  // original instead as that's better than losing data
@@ -115,5 +117,5 @@ const normalizeBoundElementsOrder = (
 export const normalizeElementOrder = (
  elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
 ) => {
-  return normalizeBoundElementsOrder(defragmentGroups(elements));
+  return normalizeBoundElementsOrder(normalizeGroupElementOrder(elements));
 };
@@ -347,7 +347,6 @@ export const getContainerCenter = (
    midSegmentMidpoint = LinearElementEditor.getSegmentMidPoint(
      container,
      index + 1,
-      elementsMap,
    );
  }
  return { x: midSegmentMidpoint[0], y: midSegmentMidpoint[1] };
@@ -442,8 +441,7 @@ const VALID_CONTAINER_TYPES = new Set([

 export const isValidTextContainer = (element: {
  type: ExcalidrawElementType;
-}): element is ExcalidrawTextContainer =>
-  VALID_CONTAINER_TYPES.has(element.type);
+}) => VALID_CONTAINER_TYPES.has(element.type);

 export const computeContainerDimensionForBoundText = (
  dimension: number,
@@ -4,22 +4,6 @@ import { charWidth, getLineWidth } from "./textMeasurements";

 import type { FontString } from "./types";

-/**
- * This module approximates browser-like soft wrapping for Excalidraw text.
- *
- * The flow is:
- * 1. `parseTokens()` splits a hard line into breakable tokens using a unicode-aware regex.
- * 2. `getWrappedTextLines()` reflows each hard line into one or more visual lines and
- *    records where each visual line came from in the source text.
- * 3. `wrapLine()` assembles tokens into lines, and `wrapWord()` handles a single token
- *    that is wider than the available width.
- * 4. `trimLine()` / `trimLineEndAtSoftBreak()` mirror browser behavior around trailing
- *    whitespace so the rendered text stays consistent with what users see on canvas.
- *
- * Mostly, you'll want to use wrapText(). getWrappedTextLines() is for callers
- * that need metadata such as mapping visual lines back to `originalText`
- * for caret placement or future editor features.
- */
 let cachedCjkRegex: RegExp | undefined;
 let cachedLineBreakRegex: RegExp | undefined;
 let cachedEmojiRegex: RegExp | undefined;
@@ -374,10 +358,6 @@ const Break = {

 /**
 * Breaks the line into the tokens based on the found line break opporutnities.
- *
- * Note: tokenization normalizes to NFC first so decomposed graphemes are treated as
- * their composed variants for wrapping. Any code that needs exact source offsets should
- * keep in mind that this assumes the input text is already NFC-normalized.
 */
 export const parseTokens = (line: string) => {
  const breakLineRegex = getLineBreakRegex();
@@ -390,120 +370,56 @@ export const parseTokens = (line: string) => {

 /**
 * Wraps the original text into the lines based on the given width.
- *
- * This is a convenience adapter over `getWrappedTextLines()` for call sites
- * that only need the rendered wrapped string and not the source offsets.
 */
 export const wrapText = (
  text: string,
  font: FontString,
  maxWidth: number,
 ): string => {
-  return getWrappedTextLines(text, font, maxWidth)
-    .map((line) => line.text)
-    .join("\n");
-};
-
-/**
- * A single rendered visual line produced from the original text.
- *
- * `start` and `end` are end-exclusive code-unit offsets into the original text, and do
- * not include synthetic soft line breaks inserted by this module. If trailing whitespace
- * was trimmed away at a wrap boundary, `end` points to the last rendered character.
- */
-export type WrappedTextLine = {
-  text: string;
-  start: number;
-  end: number;
-};
-
-/**
- * Splits only on existing hard line breaks and preserves original offsets.
- */
-const getHardLineBreaks = (text: string): WrappedTextLine[] => {
-  let offset = 0;
-
-  return text.split("\n").map((line) => {
-    const start = offset;
-    const end = start + line.length;
-
-    offset = end + 1;
-
-    return {
-      text: line,
-      start,
-      end,
-    };
-  });
-};
-
-/**
- * Returns the rendered visual lines together with their source offsets.
- *
- * This is the source-of-truth wrapping pipeline for callers that need more than the
- * final wrapped string, for example caret placement or future editor/rich-text mapping.
- */
-export const getWrappedTextLines = (
-  text: string,
-  font: FontString,
-  maxWidth: number,
-): WrappedTextLine[] => {
  // if maxWidth is not finite or NaN which can happen in case of bugs in
  // computation, we need to make sure we don't continue as we'll end up
  // in an infinite loop
  if (!Number.isFinite(maxWidth) || maxWidth < 0) {
-    return getHardLineBreaks(text);
+    return text;
  }

-  const lines: WrappedTextLine[] = [];
-  let offset = 0;
+  const lines: Array<string> = [];
+  const originalLines = text.split("\n");

-  for (const originalLine of text.split("\n")) {
-    const originalLineWidth = getLineWidth(originalLine, font);
+  for (const originalLine of originalLines) {
+    const currentLineWidth = getLineWidth(originalLine, font);

-    if (originalLineWidth <= maxWidth) {
-      lines.push({
-        text: originalLine,
-        start: offset,
-        end: offset + originalLine.length,
-      });
-    } else {
-      lines.push(...wrapLine(originalLine, font, maxWidth, offset));
+    if (currentLineWidth <= maxWidth) {
+      lines.push(originalLine);
+      continue;
    }

-    offset += originalLine.length + 1;
+    const wrappedLine = wrapLine(originalLine, font, maxWidth);
+    lines.push(...wrappedLine);
  }

-  return lines;
+  return lines.join("\n");
 };

 /**
- * Wraps a single hard line into one or more visual lines.
- *
- * The line-local offsets are tracked in original-text code units so
- * we can map the visual line back to the source.
+ * Wraps the original line into the lines based on the given width.
 */
 const wrapLine = (
  line: string,
  font: FontString,
  maxWidth: number,
-  lineStart: number,
-): WrappedTextLine[] => {
-  const lines: WrappedTextLine[] = [];
+): string[] => {
+  const lines: Array<string> = [];
  const tokens = parseTokens(line);
+  const tokenIterator = tokens[Symbol.iterator]();

  let currentLine = "";
-  let currentLineStart = lineStart;
-  let currentLineEnd = lineStart;
  let currentLineWidth = 0;
-  // Tracks the next token's code-unit position in the original source string.
-  let tokenOffset = lineStart;
-  let tokenIndex = 0;

-  while (tokenIndex < tokens.length) {
-    const token = tokens[tokenIndex];
-    const tokenStart = tokenOffset;
-    const tokenEnd = tokenStart + token.length;
+  let iterator = tokenIterator.next();
+
+  while (!iterator.done) {
+    const token = iterator.value;
    const testLine = currentLine + token;

    // cache single codepoint whitespace, CJK or emoji width calc. as kerning should not apply here
@@ -513,59 +429,37 @@ const wrapLine = (

    // build up the current line, skipping length check for possibly trailing whitespaces
    if (/\s/.test(token) || testLineWidth <= maxWidth) {
-      if (!currentLine) {
-        currentLineStart = tokenStart;
-      }
      currentLine = testLine;
-      currentLineEnd = tokenEnd;
      currentLineWidth = testLineWidth;
-      tokenOffset = tokenEnd;
-      tokenIndex++;
+      iterator = tokenIterator.next();
      continue;
    }

    // current line is empty => just the token (word) is longer than `maxWidth` and needs to be wrapped
    if (!currentLine) {
-      const wrappedWord = wrapWord(token, font, maxWidth, tokenStart);
-      const trailingLine = wrappedWord[wrappedWord.length - 1] ?? {
-        text: "",
-        start: tokenStart,
-        end: tokenStart,
-      };
+      const wrappedWord = wrapWord(token, font, maxWidth);
+      const trailingLine = wrappedWord[wrappedWord.length - 1] ?? "";
      const precedingLines = wrappedWord.slice(0, -1);

      lines.push(...precedingLines);

      // trailing line of the wrapped word might still be joined with next token/s
-      currentLine = trailingLine.text;
-      currentLineStart = trailingLine.start;
-      currentLineEnd = trailingLine.end;
-      currentLineWidth = getLineWidth(trailingLine.text, font);
-      tokenOffset = tokenEnd;
-      tokenIndex++;
+      currentLine = trailingLine;
+      currentLineWidth = getLineWidth(trailingLine, font);
+      iterator = tokenIterator.next();
    } else {
      // push & reset, but don't iterate on the next token, as we didn't use it yet!
-      lines.push(
-        trimLineEndAtSoftBreak(currentLine, currentLineStart, currentLineEnd),
-      );
+      lines.push(currentLine.trimEnd());

      // purposefully not iterating and not setting `currentLine` to `token`, so that we could use a simple !currentLine check above
      currentLine = "";
-      currentLineStart = tokenStart;
-      currentLineEnd = tokenStart;
      currentLineWidth = 0;
    }
  }

  // iterator done, push the trailing line if exists
  if (currentLine) {
-    const trailingLine = trimLine(
-      currentLine,
-      currentLineStart,
-      currentLineEnd,
-      font,
-      maxWidth,
-    );
+    const trailingLine = trimLine(currentLine, font, maxWidth);
    lines.push(trailingLine);
  }

@@ -573,100 +467,59 @@ const wrapLine = (
 };

 /**
- * Wraps a single word that could not be placed on an empty line as-is.
+ * Wraps the word into the lines based on the given width.
 */
 const wrapWord = (
  word: string,
  font: FontString,
  maxWidth: number,
-  wordStart: number,
-): WrappedTextLine[] => {
+): Array<string> => {
  // multi-codepoint emojis are already broken apart and shouldn't be broken further
  if (getEmojiRegex().test(word)) {
-    return [
-      {
-        text: word,
-        start: wordStart,
-        end: wordStart + word.length,
-      },
-    ];
+    return [word];
  }

  satisfiesWordInvariant(word);

-  const lines: WrappedTextLine[] = [];
+  const lines: Array<string> = [];
  const chars = Array.from(word);

  let currentLine = "";
-  let currentLineStart = wordStart;
-  let currentLineEnd = wordStart;
  let currentLineWidth = 0;
-  let offset = wordStart;

  for (const char of chars) {
-    const charStart = offset;
-    const charEnd = charStart + char.length;
    const _charWidth = charWidth.calculate(char, font);
    const testLineWidth = currentLineWidth + _charWidth;

    if (testLineWidth <= maxWidth) {
-      if (!currentLine) {
-        currentLineStart = charStart;
-      }
      currentLine = currentLine + char;
-      currentLineEnd = charEnd;
      currentLineWidth = testLineWidth;
-      offset = charEnd;
      continue;
    }

    if (currentLine) {
-      lines.push({
-        text: currentLine,
-        start: currentLineStart,
-        end: currentLineEnd,
-      });
+      lines.push(currentLine);
    }

    currentLine = char;
-    currentLineStart = charStart;
-    currentLineEnd = charEnd;
    currentLineWidth = _charWidth;
-    offset = charEnd;
  }

  if (currentLine) {
-    lines.push({
-      text: currentLine,
-      start: currentLineStart,
-      end: currentLineEnd,
-    });
+    lines.push(currentLine);
  }

  return lines;
 };

 /**
- * Trims trailing whitespace that is exceeding the `maxWidth`.
- *
- * Used for the trailing visual line of a hard line, where some trailing
- * whitespace may still be visible if it fits into the available width.
+ * Similarly to browsers, does not trim all trailing whitespaces, but only those exceeding the `maxWidth`.
 */
-const trimLine = (
-  line: string,
-  start: number,
-  end: number,
-  font: FontString,
-  maxWidth: number,
-): WrappedTextLine => {
+const trimLine = (line: string, font: FontString, maxWidth: number) => {
  const shouldTrimWhitespaces = getLineWidth(line, font) > maxWidth;

  if (!shouldTrimWhitespaces) {
-    return {
-      text: line,
-      start,
-      end,
-    };
+    return line;
  }

  // defensively default to `trimeEnd` in case the regex does not match
@@ -690,30 +543,7 @@ const trimLine = (
    trimmedLineWidth = testLineWidth;
  }

-  return {
-    text: trimmedLine,
-    start,
-    end: end - (line.length - trimmedLine.length),
-  };
-};
-
-/**
- * Used for internal soft-wrap boundaries, where trailing whitespace should not
- * survive into the rendered line even though it still exists in the original
- * text.
- */
-const trimLineEndAtSoftBreak = (
-  line: string,
-  start: number,
-  end: number,
-): WrappedTextLine => {
-  const trimmedLine = line.trimEnd();
-
-  return {
-    text: trimmedLine,
-    start,
-    end: end - (line.length - trimmedLine.length),
-  };
+  return trimmedLine;
 };

 /**
@@ -392,23 +392,3 @@ export const canBecomePolygon = (
    (points.length === 3 && !pointsEqual(points[0], points[points.length - 1]))
  );
 };
-
-export const isEligibleFrameChildType = (type: ElementOrToolType) => {
-  switch (type) {
-    case "rectangle":
-    case "diamond":
-    case "ellipse":
-    case "arrow":
-    case "line":
-    case "freedraw":
-    case "text":
-    case "image":
-    case "frame":
-    case "embeddable": {
-      return true;
-    }
-    default: {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-};
@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ const setElementShapesCacheEntry = <T extends ExcalidrawElement>(
 */
 export function deconstructLinearOrFreeDrawElement(
  element: ExcalidrawLinearElement | ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement,
-  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
 ): [LineSegment<GlobalPoint>[], Curve<GlobalPoint>[]] {
  const cachedShape = getElementShapesCacheEntry(element, 0);

@@ -132,7 +131,10 @@ export function deconstructLinearOrFreeDrawElement(
    return cachedShape;
  }

-  const ops = generateLinearCollisionShape(element, elementsMap);
+  const ops = generateLinearCollisionShape(element) as {
+    op: string;
+    data: number[];
+  }[];
  const lines = [];
  const curves = [];

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { arrayToMap, reseed } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";
 import { type GlobalPoint, type LocalPoint, pointFrom } from "@excalidraw/math";
 import { Excalidraw } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw";
 import { API } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/api";
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import { hitElementItself } from "../src/collision";
 describe("check rotated elements can be hit:", () => {
  beforeEach(async () => {
    localStorage.clear();
-    reseed(7);
    await render(<Excalidraw handleKeyboardGlobally={true} />);
  });

@@ -57,7 +56,6 @@ describe("hitElementItself cache", () => {
    });

    localStorage.clear();
-    reseed(7);
    await render(<Excalidraw handleKeyboardGlobally={true} />);
  });

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 /* eslint-disable no-lone-blocks */
+import { generateKeyBetween } from "fractional-indexing";
+
 import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import {
-  InvalidFractionalIndexError,
  syncInvalidIndices,
  syncMovedIndices,
  validateFractionalIndices,
@@ -12,34 +13,13 @@ import { deepCopyElement } from "@excalidraw/element";

 import { API } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/api";

-import {
-  generateKeyBetween,
-  validateOrderKey,
-} from "@excalidraw/fractional-indexing";
-
 import type {
  ElementsMap,
  ExcalidrawElement,
  FractionalIndex,
 } from "@excalidraw/element/types";

-describe("fractional index format validation", () => {
-  it("should reject malformed base62 order keys", () => {
-    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a!")).toThrow();
-    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a_")).toThrow();
-    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a1!")).toThrow();
-    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a1_")).toThrow();
-    expect(() => validateOrderKey("zd0032")).toThrow();
-  });
-
-  it("should accept valid base62 order keys", () => {
-    expect(() => validateOrderKey("Zz")).not.toThrow();
-    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a0")).not.toThrow();
-    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a1")).not.toThrow();
-    expect(() => validateOrderKey("a1V")).not.toThrow();
-    expect(() => validateOrderKey("z".padEnd(28, "z"))).not.toThrow();
-  });
-});
+import { InvalidFractionalIndexError } from "../src/fractionalIndex";

 describe("sync invalid indices with array order", () => {
  describe("should NOT sync empty array", () => {
@@ -124,46 +104,6 @@ describe("sync invalid indices with array order", () => {
    });
  });

-  describe("should sync when fractional index is malformed", () => {
-    // "zd0032" has head "z" which requires length 28 per getIntegerLength,
-    // but the string is far too short, so validateOrderKey throws for it
-    testInvalidIndicesSync({
-      elements: [{ id: "A", index: "zd0032" }],
-      expect: {
-        unchangedElements: [],
-      },
-    });
-
-    testInvalidIndicesSync({
-      elements: [
-        { id: "A", index: "a1" },
-        { id: "B", index: "zd0032" },
-        { id: "C", index: "a3" },
-      ],
-      expect: {
-        unchangedElements: ["A", "C"],
-      },
-    });
-
-    testInvalidIndicesSync({
-      elements: [{ id: "A", index: "a!" }],
-      expect: {
-        unchangedElements: [],
-      },
-    });
-
-    testInvalidIndicesSync({
-      elements: [
-        { id: "A", index: "a1" },
-        { id: "B", index: "a!" },
-        { id: "C", index: "a2" },
-      ],
-      expect: {
-        unchangedElements: ["A", "C"],
-      },
-    });
-  });
-
  describe("should sync when fractional indices are duplicated", () => {
    testInvalidIndicesSync({
      elements: [
@@ -5,21 +5,15 @@ import {
 import { arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import { API } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/api";
-import { Keyboard, Pointer, UI } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/ui";
-import { getTextEditor } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/queries/dom";
+import { Keyboard, Pointer } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/helpers/ui";
 import {
  getCloneByOrigId,
  render,
 } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/tests/test-utils";

-import { getSelectedElements } from "@excalidraw/excalidraw/scene";
+import { shouldApplyFrameClip } from "../src/frame";

-import { elementOverlapsWithFrame } from "../src/frame";
-
-import type {
-  ExcalidrawElement,
-  ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
-} from "../src/types";
+import type { ExcalidrawElement } from "../src/types";

 const { h } = window;
 const mouse = new Pointer("mouse");
@@ -134,250 +128,6 @@ describe("adding elements to frames", () => {
    });
  });

-  it("should treat an element fully containing a frame as overlapping the frame", () => {
-    const containingRect = API.createElement({
-      type: "rectangle",
-      x: -50,
-      y: -50,
-      width: 250,
-      height: 250,
-    });
-
-    API.setElements([containingRect, frame]);
-
-    expect(
-      elementOverlapsWithFrame(
-        containingRect,
-        frame as ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
-        arrayToMap(h.elements),
-      ),
-    ).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  it("should not add a newly created element to a frame behind a non-frame element", () => {
-    const cover = API.createElement({
-      id: "cover",
-      type: "rectangle",
-      x: 10,
-      y: 10,
-      width: 80,
-      height: 80,
-      backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
-    });
-
-    API.setElements([frame, cover]);
-
-    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
-    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
-    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
-    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
-
-    const createdElement = h.elements.find(
-      (element) => element.id !== frame.id && element.id !== cover.id,
-    );
-
-    expect(createdElement?.frameId).toBe(null);
-    expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
-      frame.id,
-      cover.id,
-      createdElement?.id,
-    ]);
-  });
-
-  it("should add a newly created element to a frame over a non-frame element", () => {
-    const cover = API.createElement({
-      id: "cover",
-      type: "rectangle",
-      x: 10,
-      y: 10,
-      width: 80,
-      height: 80,
-      backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
-    });
-
-    API.setElements([cover, frame]);
-
-    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
-    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
-    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
-    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
-
-    const createdElement = h.elements.find(
-      (element) => element.id !== frame.id && element.id !== cover.id,
-    );
-
-    expect(createdElement?.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-  });
-
-  it("should highlight the target frame while creating a new element", () => {
-    API.setElements([frame]);
-
-    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
-    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
-    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
-
-    expect(h.state.frameToHighlight?.id).toBe(frame.id);
-
-    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
-
-    expect(h.state.frameToHighlight).toBe(null);
-  });
-
-  it("should highlight the target frame while hovering with a creation tool", () => {
-    API.setElements([frame]);
-
-    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
-    mouse.moveTo(20, 20);
-
-    expect(h.state.frameToHighlight?.id).toBe(frame.id);
-
-    mouse.moveTo(200, 200);
-
-    expect(h.state.frameToHighlight).toBe(null);
-  });
-
-  it("should not add grid-snapped text outside the frame to the clicked frame", async () => {
-    const offsetFrame = API.createElement({
-      id: "offsetFrame",
-      type: "frame",
-      x: 10,
-      y: 0,
-      width: 150,
-      height: 150,
-    });
-
-    API.setElements([offsetFrame]);
-    API.setAppState({
-      gridModeEnabled: true,
-    });
-
-    UI.clickTool("text");
-    mouse.clickAt(12, 0);
-
-    await getTextEditor();
-
-    const createdText = h.elements.find(
-      (element) => element.id !== offsetFrame.id,
-    );
-
-    expect(createdText?.x).toBe(0);
-    expect(createdText?.y).toBe(0);
-    expect(createdText?.frameId).toBe(null);
-  });
-
-  it("should add a newly created element to a frame behind another frame", () => {
-    const lockedFrame = API.createElement({
-      id: "lockedFrame",
-      type: "frame",
-      x: 10,
-      y: 10,
-      width: 80,
-      height: 80,
-      locked: true,
-    });
-
-    API.setElements([frame, lockedFrame]);
-
-    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
-    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
-    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
-    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
-
-    const createdElement = h.elements.find(
-      (element) => element.id !== frame.id && element.id !== lockedFrame.id,
-    );
-
-    expect(createdElement?.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-  });
-
-  it("should insert a newly created frame child just below its frame", () => {
-    const frameChildUnderCursor = API.createElement({
-      id: "frameChildUnderCursor",
-      type: "rectangle",
-      x: 10,
-      y: 10,
-      width: 80,
-      height: 80,
-      backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
-      frameId: frame.id,
-    });
-    const otherFrameChild = API.createElement({
-      id: "otherFrameChild",
-      type: "rectangle",
-      x: 100,
-      y: 20,
-      width: 20,
-      height: 20,
-      frameId: frame.id,
-    });
-
-    API.setElements([frameChildUnderCursor, otherFrameChild, frame]);
-
-    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
-    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
-    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
-    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
-
-    const createdElement = h.elements.find(
-      (element) =>
-        element.id !== frame.id &&
-        element.id !== frameChildUnderCursor.id &&
-        element.id !== otherFrameChild.id,
-    );
-
-    expect(createdElement?.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-    expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
-      frameChildUnderCursor.id,
-      otherFrameChild.id,
-      createdElement?.id,
-      frame.id,
-    ]);
-  });
-
-  it("should insert a newly created frame child above the highest frame child", () => {
-    const frameChildUnderCursor = API.createElement({
-      id: "frameChildUnderCursor",
-      type: "rectangle",
-      x: 10,
-      y: 10,
-      width: 80,
-      height: 80,
-      backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
-      frameId: frame.id,
-    });
-    const otherFrameChild = API.createElement({
-      id: "otherFrameChild",
-      type: "rectangle",
-      x: 100,
-      y: 20,
-      width: 20,
-      height: 20,
-      frameId: frame.id,
-    });
-
-    API.setElements([frame, frameChildUnderCursor, otherFrameChild]);
-
-    UI.clickTool("rectangle");
-    mouse.downAt(20, 20);
-    mouse.moveTo(40, 40);
-    mouse.upAt(40, 40);
-
-    const createdElement = h.elements.find(
-      (element) =>
-        element.id !== frame.id &&
-        element.id !== frameChildUnderCursor.id &&
-        element.id !== otherFrameChild.id,
-    );
-
-    expect(createdElement?.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-    expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
-      frame.id,
-      frameChildUnderCursor.id,
-      otherFrameChild.id,
-      createdElement?.id,
-    ]);
-  });
-
  const commonTestCases = async (
    func: typeof resizeFrameOverElement | typeof dragElementIntoFrame,
  ) => {
@@ -668,345 +418,6 @@ describe("adding elements to frames", () => {
  describe("dragging elements into the frame", async () => {
    await commonTestCases(dragElementIntoFrame);

-    it("should add a dragged element fully containing the frame", () => {
-      const containingRect = API.createElement({
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 220,
-        y: 20,
-        width: 300,
-        height: 300,
-      });
-
-      API.setElements([frame, containingRect]);
-
-      dragElementIntoFrame(frame, containingRect);
-
-      expect(API.getElement(containingRect).frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-    });
-
-    it("should drag an element into a frame", () => {
-      API.setElements([rect2, frame]);
-
-      dragElementIntoFrame(frame, rect2);
-
-      expect(rect2.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-    });
-
-    it("should layer a dragged element above the highest frame child", () => {
-      const frameChild = API.createElement({
-        id: "frameChild",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 10,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-        frameId: frame.id,
-      });
-
-      API.setElements([frame, frameChild, rect2]);
-
-      dragElementIntoFrame(frame, rect2);
-
-      expect(rect2.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
-        frame.id,
-        frameChild.id,
-        rect2.id,
-      ]);
-      expect(rect2.index! > frameChild.index!).toBe(true);
-      expect(rect2.index! > frame.index!).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it("should preview a dragged element above the highest frame child before pointerup", () => {
-      const frameChild = API.createElement({
-        id: "frameChild",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 10,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-        frameId: frame.id,
-      });
-
-      API.setElements([rect2, frame, frameChild]);
-      API.setSelectedElements([rect2]);
-      API.updateElement(rect2, {
-        x: 10,
-        y: 10,
-      });
-
-      const getRenderableElementIds = (
-        selectedElementsAreBeingDragged: boolean,
-      ) => {
-        return h.app.renderer
-          .getRenderableElements({
-            zoom: h.state.zoom,
-            offsetLeft: 0,
-            offsetTop: 0,
-            scrollX: 0,
-            scrollY: 0,
-            height: 1000,
-            width: 1000,
-            editingTextElement: h.state.editingTextElement,
-            newElement: h.state.newElement,
-            selectedElements: getSelectedElements(h.elements, h.state),
-            selectedElementsAreBeingDragged,
-            frameToHighlight: frame as ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
-          })
-          .visibleElements.map((element) => element.id);
-      };
-
-      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
-        rect2.id,
-        frame.id,
-        frameChild.id,
-      ]);
-      expect(getRenderableElementIds(false)).toEqual([
-        rect2.id,
-        frame.id,
-        frameChild.id,
-      ]);
-      expect(getRenderableElementIds(true)).toEqual([
-        frame.id,
-        frameChild.id,
-        rect2.id,
-      ]);
-      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
-        rect2.id,
-        frame.id,
-        frameChild.id,
-      ]);
-      expect(rect2.frameId).toBe(null);
-    });
-
-    it("should not preview reorder dragged elements already in the highlighted frame", () => {
-      const frameChild = API.createElement({
-        id: "frameChild",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 10,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-        frameId: frame.id,
-      });
-      const otherFrameChild = API.createElement({
-        id: "otherFrameChild",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 40,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-        frameId: frame.id,
-      });
-
-      API.setElements([frameChild, frame, otherFrameChild]);
-      API.setSelectedElements([frameChild]);
-
-      const renderableElementIds = h.app.renderer
-        .getRenderableElements({
-          zoom: h.state.zoom,
-          offsetLeft: 0,
-          offsetTop: 0,
-          scrollX: 0,
-          scrollY: 0,
-          height: 1000,
-          width: 1000,
-          editingTextElement: h.state.editingTextElement,
-          newElement: h.state.newElement,
-          selectedElements: getSelectedElements(h.elements, h.state),
-          selectedElementsAreBeingDragged: true,
-          frameToHighlight: frame as ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
-        })
-        .visibleElements.map((element) => element.id);
-
-      expect(renderableElementIds).toEqual([
-        frameChild.id,
-        frame.id,
-        otherFrameChild.id,
-      ]);
-    });
-
-    it("should put a dragged mixed selection above the highest frame child", () => {
-      const frameChild = API.createElement({
-        id: "frameChild",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 50,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-        frameId: frame.id,
-        boundElements: [{ id: "boundText", type: "text" }],
-      });
-      const boundText = API.createElement({
-        id: "boundText",
-        type: "text",
-        x: 50,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-        containerId: frameChild.id,
-        frameId: frame.id,
-      });
-      const otherFrameChild = API.createElement({
-        id: "otherFrameChild",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 80,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-        frameId: frame.id,
-      });
-      const nonFrameElement = API.createElement({
-        id: "nonFrameElement",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 155,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-      });
-
-      API.setElements([
-        frame,
-        frameChild,
-        boundText,
-        otherFrameChild,
-        nonFrameElement,
-      ]);
-      API.setSelectedElements([frameChild, nonFrameElement]);
-
-      mouse.downAt(
-        nonFrameElement.x + nonFrameElement.width / 2,
-        nonFrameElement.y + nonFrameElement.height / 2,
-      );
-      mouse.moveTo(frame.x + frame.width - 5, nonFrameElement.y + 10);
-      mouse.up();
-
-      expect(frameChild.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(boundText.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(nonFrameElement.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
-        frame.id,
-        otherFrameChild.id,
-        frameChild.id,
-        boundText.id,
-        nonFrameElement.id,
-      ]);
-    });
-
-    it("should not reorder dragged elements already in the highlighted frame", () => {
-      const frameChild = API.createElement({
-        id: "frameChild",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 50,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-        frameId: frame.id,
-      });
-      const otherFrameChild = API.createElement({
-        id: "otherFrameChild",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 80,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-        frameId: frame.id,
-      });
-
-      API.setElements([frame, frameChild, otherFrameChild]);
-      API.setSelectedElements([frameChild]);
-
-      mouse.downAt(
-        frameChild.x + frameChild.width / 2,
-        frameChild.y + frameChild.height / 2,
-      );
-      mouse.moveTo(frameChild.x + frameChild.width / 2 + 5, frameChild.y + 10);
-      mouse.up();
-
-      expect(frameChild.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
-        frame.id,
-        frameChild.id,
-        otherFrameChild.id,
-      ]);
-    });
-
-    it("should not drag an element into a frame behind a non-frame element", () => {
-      const cover = API.createElement({
-        id: "cover",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 10,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 80,
-        height: 80,
-        backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
-      });
-      API.setElements([frame, cover, rect2]);
-
-      mouse.clickAt(rect2.x, rect2.y);
-      mouse.downAt(rect2.x + rect2.width / 2, rect2.y + rect2.height / 2);
-      mouse.moveTo(20, 20);
-      mouse.upAt(20, 20);
-
-      expect(rect2.frameId).toBe(null);
-    });
-
-    it("should drag an element into a frame over a non-frame element", () => {
-      const cover = API.createElement({
-        id: "cover",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 10,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 80,
-        height: 80,
-        backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
-      });
-      API.setElements([cover, rect2, frame]);
-
-      mouse.clickAt(rect2.x, rect2.y);
-      mouse.downAt(rect2.x + rect2.width / 2, rect2.y + rect2.height / 2);
-      mouse.moveTo(20, 20);
-      mouse.upAt(20, 20);
-
-      expect(rect2.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-    });
-
-    it("should keep dragging a frame child over a non-frame element above its frame", () => {
-      const cover = API.createElement({
-        id: "cover",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 10,
-        y: 10,
-        width: 80,
-        height: 80,
-        backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
-      });
-      const frameChild = API.createElement({
-        id: "frameChild",
-        type: "rectangle",
-        x: 100,
-        y: 20,
-        width: 20,
-        height: 20,
-        frameId: frame.id,
-      });
-
-      API.setElements([frameChild, frame, cover]);
-      API.setSelectedElements([frameChild]);
-
-      mouse.downAt(
-        frameChild.x + frameChild.width / 2,
-        frameChild.y + frameChild.height / 2,
-      );
-      mouse.moveTo(20, 20);
-
-      expect(h.state.frameToHighlight?.id).toBe(frame.id);
-
-      mouse.upAt(20, 20);
-
-      expect(frameChild.frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-    });
-
    it.skip("should drag element inside, duplicate it and keep it in frame", () => {
      API.setElements([frame, rect2]);

@@ -1153,3 +564,78 @@ describe("adding elements to frames", () => {
    });
  });
 });
+
+describe("frame clipping", () => {
+  const getAppStateForFrameClip = () =>
+    ({
+      frameRendering: {
+        enabled: true,
+        clip: true,
+      },
+      selectedElementsAreBeingDragged: false,
+      selectedElementIds: {},
+      frameToHighlight: null,
+      editingGroupId: null,
+    } as any);
+
+  it("clips a frame child even when fully outside the frame bounds", () => {
+    const frame = API.createElement({
+      type: "frame",
+      id: "frame",
+      x: 0,
+      y: 0,
+      width: 100,
+      height: 100,
+    });
+    const outsideChild = API.createElement({
+      type: "rectangle",
+      id: "outside-child",
+      x: 250,
+      y: 250,
+      width: 50,
+      height: 50,
+      frameId: frame.id,
+    });
+
+    const elementsMap = arrayToMap([outsideChild, frame]);
+
+    expect(
+      shouldApplyFrameClip(
+        outsideChild,
+        frame,
+        getAppStateForFrameClip(),
+        elementsMap,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("does not clip an outside element that does not belong to the frame", () => {
+    const frame = API.createElement({
+      type: "frame",
+      id: "frame",
+      x: 0,
+      y: 0,
+      width: 100,
+      height: 100,
+    });
+    const outsideElement = API.createElement({
+      type: "rectangle",
+      id: "outside",
+      x: 250,
+      y: 250,
+      width: 50,
+      height: 50,
+    });
+
+    const elementsMap = arrayToMap([outsideElement, frame]);
+
+    expect(
+      shouldApplyFrameClip(
+        outsideElement,
+        frame,
+        getAppStateForFrameClip(),
+        elementsMap,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
@@ -326,59 +326,19 @@ describe("normalizeElementsOrder", () => {
      ]),
      [
        "BA_rect1",
-        "CBA_rect3",
-        "CBA_rect7",
        "BA_rect5",
        "BA_rect6",
        "A_rect2",
        "A_rect5",
+        "CBA_rect3",
+        "CBA_rect7",
        "rect4",
        "X_rect8",
-        "YX_rect10",
        "X_rect11",
+        "YX_rect10",
        "rect9",
      ],
    );
-    assertOrder(
-      normalizeElementOrder([
-        API.createElement({
-          id: "A_rect1",
-          type: "rectangle",
-          groupIds: ["A"],
-        }),
-        API.createElement({
-          id: "CBA_rect2",
-          type: "rectangle",
-          groupIds: ["C", "B", "A"],
-        }),
-        API.createElement({
-          id: "A_rect3",
-          type: "rectangle",
-          groupIds: ["A"],
-        }),
-      ]),
-      ["A_rect1", "CBA_rect2", "A_rect3"],
-    );
-    assertOrder(
-      normalizeElementOrder([
-        API.createElement({
-          id: "abcT_rect1",
-          type: "rectangle",
-          groupIds: ["ab", "c", "T"],
-        }),
-        API.createElement({
-          id: "abcT_rect2",
-          type: "rectangle",
-          groupIds: ["a", "bc", "T"],
-        }),
-        API.createElement({
-          id: "abcT_rect3",
-          type: "rectangle",
-          groupIds: ["ab", "c", "T"],
-        }),
-      ]),
-      ["abcT_rect1", "abcT_rect3", "abcT_rect2"],
-    );
  });

  // TODO
@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-import {
-  getWrappedTextLines,
-  parseTokens,
-  wrapText,
-} from "../src/textWrapping";
+import { wrapText, parseTokens } from "../src/textWrapping";

 import type { FontString } from "../src/types";

@@ -106,71 +102,6 @@ describe("Test wrapText", () => {
    expect(res2).toBe(`\tA)\none\ntab\n- two\ntabs\n- 8\nspace\ns`);
  });

-  it("should retain original text offsets for wrapped lines", () => {
-    expect(getWrappedTextLines("Hello World!", font, 60)).toEqual([
-      {
-        text: "Hello",
-        start: 0,
-        end: 5,
-      },
-      {
-        text: "World!",
-        start: 6,
-        end: 12,
-      },
-    ]);
-  });
-
-  it("should exclude whitespace trimmed away at soft-wrap boundaries from line offsets", () => {
-    expect(getWrappedTextLines("  Hello  World", font, 90)).toEqual([
-      {
-        text: "  Hello",
-        start: 0,
-        end: 7,
-      },
-      {
-        text: "World",
-        start: 9,
-        end: 14,
-      },
-    ]);
-  });
-
-  it("should retain offsets when wrapping a single long token", () => {
-    expect(getWrappedTextLines("Excalidraw", font, 50)).toEqual([
-      {
-        text: "Excal",
-        start: 0,
-        end: 5,
-      },
-      {
-        text: "idraw",
-        start: 5,
-        end: 10,
-      },
-    ]);
-  });
-
-  it("should preserve empty hard lines in metadata", () => {
-    expect(getWrappedTextLines("A\n\nB", font, 100)).toEqual([
-      {
-        text: "A",
-        start: 0,
-        end: 1,
-      },
-      {
-        text: "",
-        start: 2,
-        end: 2,
-      },
-      {
-        text: "B",
-        start: 3,
-        end: 4,
-      },
-    ]);
-  });
-
  describe("When text is CJK", () => {
    it("should break each CJK character when width is very small", () => {
      // "안녕하세요" (Hangul) + "こんにちは世界" (Hiragana, Kanji) + "ｺﾝﾆﾁハ" (Katakana) + "你好" (Han) = "Hello Hello World Hello Hi"
@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-import {
-  getElementsInGroup,
-  isSomeElementSelected,
-  makeNextSelectedElementIds,
-  selectGroupsForSelectedElements,
-} from "@excalidraw/element";
-import { CaptureUpdateAction } from "@excalidraw/element";
-import { KEYS, isWritableElement, updateActiveTool } from "@excalidraw/common";
-
-import type { GroupId } from "@excalidraw/element/types";
-
-import { register } from "./register";
-
-import type { AppClassProperties, AppState } from "../types";
-
-const getNextActiveTool = (
-  appState: Readonly<AppState>,
-  app: AppClassProperties,
-) => {
-  if (appState.activeTool.type === "eraser") {
-    return updateActiveTool(appState, {
-      ...(appState.activeTool.lastActiveTool || {
-        type: app.state.preferredSelectionTool.type,
-      }),
-      lastActiveToolBeforeEraser: null,
-    });
-  }
-
-  return updateActiveTool(appState, {
-    type: app.state.preferredSelectionTool.type,
-  });
-};
-
-const getParentEditingGroupId = (
-  appState: Readonly<AppState>,
-  app: AppClassProperties,
-  selectedElementIds: AppState["selectedElementIds"],
-): GroupId | null => {
-  if (!appState.editingGroupId) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  const nonDeletedElements = app.scene.getNonDeletedElements();
-  const selectedElements = app.scene.getSelectedElements({
-    selectedElementIds,
-    elements: nonDeletedElements,
-  });
-  const candidateElements = selectedElements.length
-    ? selectedElements
-    : getElementsInGroup(nonDeletedElements, appState.editingGroupId);
-
-  for (const element of candidateElements) {
-    const editingGroupIndex = element.groupIds.indexOf(appState.editingGroupId);
-    if (editingGroupIndex !== -1 && element.groupIds[editingGroupIndex + 1]) {
-      return element.groupIds[editingGroupIndex + 1] as GroupId;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return null;
-};
-
-export const actionDeselect = register({
-  name: "deselect",
-  label: "",
-  trackEvent: false,
-  perform: (_elements, appState, _, app) => {
-    const activeTool = getNextActiveTool(appState, app);
-
-    if (appState.editingGroupId) {
-      const nonDeletedElements = app.scene.getNonDeletedElements();
-      const selectedElementIds =
-        Object.keys(appState.selectedElementIds).length > 0
-          ? appState.selectedElementIds
-          : getElementsInGroup(
-              nonDeletedElements,
-              appState.editingGroupId,
-            ).reduce((acc, element) => {
-              acc[element.id] = true;
-              return acc;
-            }, {} as Record<string, true>);
-
-      return {
-        appState: {
-          ...appState,
-          ...selectGroupsForSelectedElements(
-            {
-              editingGroupId: getParentEditingGroupId(
-                appState,
-                app,
-                selectedElementIds,
-              ),
-              selectedElementIds,
-            },
-            nonDeletedElements,
-            appState,
-            app,
-          ),
-          activeEmbeddable: null,
-          activeTool,
-          selectedLinearElement: null,
-          selectionElement: null,
-          showHyperlinkPopup: false,
-          suggestedBinding: null,
-          frameToHighlight: null,
-        },
-        captureUpdate: CaptureUpdateAction.IMMEDIATELY,
-      };
-    }
-
-    return {
-      appState: {
-        ...appState,
-        activeEmbeddable: null,
-        activeTool,
-        editingGroupId: null,
-        selectedElementIds: makeNextSelectedElementIds({}, appState),
-        selectedGroupIds: {},
-        selectedLinearElement: null,
-        selectionElement: null,
-        showHyperlinkPopup: false,
-        suggestedBinding: null,
-        frameToHighlight: null,
-      },
-      captureUpdate: CaptureUpdateAction.IMMEDIATELY,
-    };
-  },
-  keyTest: (event, appState, _, app) => {
-    if (event.key !== KEYS.ESCAPE) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    if (isWritableElement(event.target)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    return (
-      !appState.newElement &&
-      appState.multiElement === null &&
-      !appState.selectedLinearElement?.isEditing &&
-      (appState.activeEmbeddable !== null ||
-        appState.activeTool.type !== app.state.preferredSelectionTool.type ||
-        !!appState.editingGroupId ||
-        !!appState.selectedLinearElement ||
-        isSomeElementSelected(app.scene.getNonDeletedElements(), appState))
-    );
-  },
-});
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import { isInvisiblySmallElement } from "@excalidraw/element";

 import { CaptureUpdateAction } from "@excalidraw/element";

-import type { LocalPoint } from "@excalidraw/math";
+import type { GlobalPoint, LocalPoint } from "@excalidraw/math";
 import type {
  ExcalidrawElement,
  ExcalidrawLinearElement,
@@ -93,40 +93,32 @@ export const actionFinalize = register<FormData>({
            ? [element.points.length - 1] // New arrow creation
            : appState.selectedLinearElement.selectedPointsIndices;

-        const angleLocked = shouldRotateWithDiscreteAngle(event);
-        const effectiveGridSize = event[KEYS.CTRL_OR_CMD]
-          ? null
-          : app.getEffectiveGridSize();
-
        const draggedPoints: PointsPositionUpdates =
          selectedPointsIndices.reduce((map, index) => {
            map.set(index, {
-              point: angleLocked
-                ? element.points[index]
-                : LinearElementEditor.createPointAt(
-                    element,
-                    elementsMap,
-                    sceneCoords.x - linearElementEditor.pointerOffset.x,
-                    sceneCoords.y - linearElementEditor.pointerOffset.y,
-                    effectiveGridSize,
-                  ),
+              point: LinearElementEditor.pointFromAbsoluteCoords(
+                element,
+                pointFrom<GlobalPoint>(
+                  sceneCoords.x - linearElementEditor.pointerOffset.x,
+                  sceneCoords.y - linearElementEditor.pointerOffset.y,
+                ),
+                elementsMap,
+              ),
            });

            return map;
          }, new Map()) ?? new Map();
-
        bindOrUnbindBindingElement(
          element,
          draggedPoints,
-          sceneCoords.x,
-          sceneCoords.y,
+          sceneCoords.x - linearElementEditor.pointerOffset.x,
+          sceneCoords.y - linearElementEditor.pointerOffset.y,
          scene,
          appState,
          {
            newArrow,
            altKey: event.altKey,
-            angleLocked,
-            gridSize: app.getEffectiveGridSize(),
+            angleLocked: shouldRotateWithDiscreteAngle(event),
          },
        );
      } else if (isLineElement(element)) {
@@ -337,8 +329,8 @@ export const actionFinalize = register<FormData>({
        selectionElement: null,
        multiElement: null,
        editingTextElement: null,
+        startBoundElement: null,
        suggestedBinding: null,
-        frameToHighlight: null,
        selectedElementIds:
          element &&
          !appState.activeTool.locked &&
@@ -356,7 +348,9 @@ export const actionFinalize = register<FormData>({
    };
  },
  keyTest: (event, appState) =>
-    (event.key === KEYS.ESCAPE && appState.selectedLinearElement?.isEditing) ||
+    (event.key === KEYS.ESCAPE &&
+      (appState.selectedLinearElement?.isEditing ||
+        (!appState.newElement && appState.multiElement === null))) ||
    ((event.key === KEYS.ESCAPE || event.key === KEYS.ENTER) &&
      appState.multiElement !== null),
  PanelComponent: ({ appState, updateData, data }) => (
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ export const actionWrapSelectionInFrame = register({
      [...app.scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted(), frame],
      selectedElements,
      frame,
+      appState,
    );

    return {
@@ -277,6 +277,7 @@ export const actionUngroup = register({
            elementsMap,
          ),
          frame,
+          app,
        );
      }
    });
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import {
+  isWindows,
  KEYS,
  matchKey,
  arrayToMap,
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ export const createRedoAction: ActionCreator = (history) => ({
    ),
  keyTest: (event) =>
    (event[KEYS.CTRL_OR_CMD] && event.shiftKey && matchKey(event, KEYS.Z)) ||
-    (event[KEYS.CTRL_OR_CMD] && !event.shiftKey && matchKey(event, KEYS.Y)),
+    (isWindows && event.ctrlKey && !event.shiftKey && matchKey(event, KEYS.Y)),
  PanelComponent: ({ appState, updateData, data, app }) => {
    const { isRedoStackEmpty } = useEmitter(
      history.onHistoryChangedEmitter,
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ export const getFormValue = function <T extends Primitive>(
  elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
  app: AppClassProperties,
  getAttribute: (element: ExcalidrawElement) => T,
-  elementPredicate: true | ((element: ExcalidrawElement) => boolean),
+  isRelevantElement: true | ((element: ExcalidrawElement) => boolean),
  defaultValue: T | ((isSomeElementSelected: boolean) => T),
 ): T {
  const editingTextElement = app.state.editingTextElement;
@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@ export const getFormValue = function <T extends Primitive>(
    if (hasSelection) {
      const selectedElements = app.scene.getSelectedElements(app.state);
      const targetElements =
-        elementPredicate === true
+        isRelevantElement === true
          ? selectedElements
-          : selectedElements.filter((el) => elementPredicate(el));
+          : selectedElements.filter((el) => isRelevantElement(el));

      ret =
        reduceToCommonValue(targetElements, getAttribute) ??
@@ -730,28 +730,9 @@ export const actionChangeOpacity = register<ExcalidrawElement["opacity"]>({
      captureUpdate: CaptureUpdateAction.IMMEDIATELY,
    };
  },
-  PanelComponent: ({ elements, appState, app, updateData }) => {
-    const opacity = getFormValue(
-      elements,
-      app,
-      (element) => element.opacity,
-      true,
-      (hasSelection) => (hasSelection ? null : appState.currentItemOpacity),
-    );
-
-    return (
-      <Range
-        label={t("labels.opacity")}
-        value={opacity ?? appState.currentItemOpacity}
-        hasCommonValue={opacity !== null}
-        onChange={updateData}
-        min={0}
-        max={100}
-        step={10}
-        testId="opacity"
-      />
-    );
-  },
+  PanelComponent: ({ app, updateData }) => (
+    <Range updateData={updateData} app={app} testId="opacity" />
+  ),
 });

 export const actionChangeFontSize = register<ExcalidrawTextElement["fontSize"]>(
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
 import { getFontString } from "@excalidraw/common";

-import { isExcalidrawElement, newElementWith } from "@excalidraw/element";
+import { newElementWith } from "@excalidraw/element";
 import { measureText } from "@excalidraw/element";

 import { isTextElement } from "@excalidraw/element";

 import { CaptureUpdateAction } from "@excalidraw/element";

-import type { ExcalidrawElement } from "@excalidraw/element/types";
-
 import { getSelectedElements } from "../scene";

 import { register } from "./register";

+import type { AppClassProperties } from "../types";
+
 export const actionTextAutoResize = register({
  name: "autoResize",
  label: "labels.autoResize",
  icon: null,
  trackEvent: { category: "element" },
-  predicate: (elements, appState, _: unknown) => {
+  predicate: (elements, appState, _: unknown, app: AppClassProperties) => {
    const selectedElements = getSelectedElements(elements, appState);
    return (
      selectedElements.length === 1 &&
@@ -26,18 +26,13 @@ export const actionTextAutoResize = register({
      !selectedElements[0].autoResize
    );
  },
-  perform: (elements, appState, targetElement) => {
+  perform: (elements, appState, _, app) => {
    const selectedElements = getSelectedElements(elements, appState);

-    const targetTextElement =
-      isExcalidrawElement(targetElement) && isTextElement(targetElement)
-        ? targetElement
-        : (selectedElements[0] as ExcalidrawElement | undefined);
-
    return {
      appState,
      elements: elements.map((element) => {
-        if (element.id === targetTextElement?.id && isTextElement(element)) {
+        if (element.id === selectedElements[0].id && isTextElement(element)) {
          const metrics = measureText(
            element.originalText,
            getFontString(element),
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ export {
 export { actionSetEmbeddableAsActiveTool } from "./actionEmbeddable";

 export { actionFinalize } from "./actionFinalize";
-export { actionDeselect } from "./actionDeselect";

 export {
  actionChangeProjectName,
@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ export type ActionName =
  | "distributeVertically"
  | "flipHorizontal"
  | "flipVertical"
-  | "deselect"
  | "viewMode"
  | "exportWithDarkMode"
  | "toggleTheme"
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { LaserPointer } from "@excalidraw/laser-pointer";
+
 import {
  SVG_NS,
  getSvgPathFromStroke,
@@ -7,8 +8,7 @@ import {

 import type { LaserPointerOptions } from "@excalidraw/laser-pointer";

-import { AnimationController } from "./renderer/animation";
-
+import type { AnimationFrameHandler } from "./animation-frame-handler";
 import type App from "./components/App";
 import type { AppState } from "./types";

@@ -34,16 +34,15 @@ export class AnimatedTrail implements Trail {
  private container?: SVGSVGElement;
  private trailElement: SVGPathElement;
  private trailAnimation?: SVGAnimateElement;
-  private key: string;
-
-  private static counter = 0;

  constructor(
+    private animationFrameHandler: AnimationFrameHandler,
    protected app: App,
    private options: Partial<LaserPointerOptions> &
      Partial<AnimatedTrailOptions>,
  ) {
-    this.key = `animated-trail-${AnimatedTrail.counter++}`;
+    this.animationFrameHandler.register(this, this.onFrame.bind(this));
+
    this.trailElement = document.createElementNS(SVG_NS, "path");
    if (this.options.animateTrail) {
      this.trailAnimation = document.createElementNS(SVG_NS, "animate");
@@ -74,15 +73,6 @@ export class AnimatedTrail implements Trail {
    return false;
  }

-  private cleanup() {
-    this.pastTrails = [];
-    this.currentTrail = undefined;
-
-    if (this.trailElement.parentNode === this.container) {
-      this.container?.removeChild(this.trailElement);
-    }
-  }
-
  start(container?: SVGSVGElement) {
    if (container) {
      this.container = container;
@@ -92,23 +82,15 @@ export class AnimatedTrail implements Trail {
      this.container.appendChild(this.trailElement);
    }

-    if (!AnimationController.running(this.key)) {
-      AnimationController.start(this.key, () => {
-        const needsNext = this.onFrame();
-        if (needsNext) {
-          return { keep: true };
-        }
-
-        this.cleanup();
-
-        return null;
-      });
-    }
+    this.animationFrameHandler.start(this);
  }

  stop() {
-    AnimationController.cancel(this.key);
-    this.cleanup();
+    this.animationFrameHandler.stop(this);
+
+    if (this.trailElement.parentNode === this.container) {
+      this.container?.removeChild(this.trailElement);
+    }
  }

  startPath(x: number, y: number) {
@@ -163,25 +145,21 @@ export class AnimatedTrail implements Trail {

    if (this.currentTrail) {
      const currentPath = this.drawTrail(this.currentTrail, this.app.state);
+
      paths.push(currentPath);
    }

-    this.pastTrails = this.pastTrails.filter(
-      (t) =>
-        t.getStrokeOutline(t.options.size / this.app.state.zoom.value)
-          .length !== 0,
-    );
+    this.pastTrails = this.pastTrails.filter((trail) => {
+      return trail.getStrokeOutline().length !== 0;
+    });

    if (paths.length === 0) {
-      // Clean up the SVG path if there are no trails to render
-      this.trailElement.setAttribute("d", "");
-
-      return false;
+      this.stop();
    }

    const svgPaths = paths.join(" ").trim();
-    this.trailElement.setAttribute("d", svgPaths);

+    this.trailElement.setAttribute("d", svgPaths);
    if (this.trailAnimation) {
      this.trailElement.setAttribute(
        "fill",
@@ -197,8 +175,6 @@ export class AnimatedTrail implements Trail {
        (this.options.fill ?? (() => "black"))(this),
      );
    }
-
-    return true;
  }

  private drawTrail(trail: LaserPointer, state: AppState): string {
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+export type AnimationCallback = (timestamp: number) => void | boolean;
+
+export type AnimationTarget = {
+  callback: AnimationCallback;
+  stopped: boolean;
+};
+
+export class AnimationFrameHandler {
+  private targets = new WeakMap<object, AnimationTarget>();
+  private rafIds = new WeakMap<object, number>();
+
+  register(key: object, callback: AnimationCallback) {
+    this.targets.set(key, { callback, stopped: true });
+  }
+
+  start(key: object) {
+    const target = this.targets.get(key);
+
+    if (!target) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (this.rafIds.has(key)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.targets.set(key, { ...target, stopped: false });
+    this.scheduleFrame(key);
+  }
+
+  stop(key: object) {
+    const target = this.targets.get(key);
+    if (target && !target.stopped) {
+      this.targets.set(key, { ...target, stopped: true });
+    }
+
+    this.cancelFrame(key);
+  }
+
+  private constructFrame(key: object): FrameRequestCallback {
+    return (timestamp: number) => {
+      const target = this.targets.get(key);
+
+      if (!target) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const shouldAbort = this.onFrame(target, timestamp);
+
+      if (!target.stopped && !shouldAbort) {
+        this.scheduleFrame(key);
+      } else {
+        this.cancelFrame(key);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  private scheduleFrame(key: object) {
+    const rafId = requestAnimationFrame(this.constructFrame(key));
+
+    this.rafIds.set(key, rafId);
+  }
+
+  private cancelFrame(key: object) {
+    if (this.rafIds.has(key)) {
+      const rafId = this.rafIds.get(key)!;
+
+      cancelAnimationFrame(rafId);
+    }
+
+    this.rafIds.delete(key);
+  }
+
+  private onFrame(target: AnimationTarget, timestamp: number): boolean {
+    const shouldAbort = target.callback(timestamp);
+
+    return shouldAbort ?? false;
+  }
+}
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ export const getDefaultAppState = (): Omit<
      open: false,
      panels: STATS_PANELS.generalStats | STATS_PANELS.elementProperties,
    },
+    startBoundElement: null,
    suggestedBinding: null,
    frameRendering: { enabled: true, clip: true, name: true, outline: true },
    frameToHighlight: null,
@@ -127,7 +128,6 @@ export const getDefaultAppState = (): Omit<
    lockedMultiSelections: {},
    activeLockedId: null,
    bindMode: "orbit",
-    boxSelectionMode: "contain",
  };
 };

@@ -193,7 +193,6 @@ const APP_STATE_STORAGE_CONF = (<
  gridModeEnabled: { browser: true, export: true, server: true },
  height: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
  isBindingEnabled: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
-  boxSelectionMode: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
  bindingPreference: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
  isMidpointSnappingEnabled: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
  defaultSidebarDockedPreference: {
@@ -230,6 +229,7 @@ const APP_STATE_STORAGE_CONF = (<
  selectionElement: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
  shouldCacheIgnoreZoom: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
  stats: { browser: true, export: false, server: false },
+  startBoundElement: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
  suggestedBinding: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
  frameRendering: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
  frameToHighlight: { browser: false, export: false, server: false },
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ import {
 import { fontPickerKeyHandler } from "./keyboardNavHandlers";

 import type { JSX } from "react";
-import type { ExcalidrawFontFace } from "../../fonts/ExcalidrawFontFace";

 export interface FontDescriptor {
  value: number;
@@ -87,15 +86,6 @@ const getFontFamilyIcon = (fontFamily: FontFamilyValues): JSX.Element => {
  }
 };

-const getFontFamilyLabel = (
-  fontFamily: FontFamilyValues,
-  fontFaces: ExcalidrawFontFace[],
-) =>
-  // prefer our config as the browser resolved names may be wrapped in quotes and such
-  Object.entries(FONT_FAMILY).find(([, id]) => id === fontFamily)?.[0] ??
-  fontFaces[0]?.fontFace?.family ??
-  "Unknown";
-
 export const FontPickerList = React.memo(
  ({
    selectedFontFamily,
@@ -124,7 +114,7 @@ export const FontPickerList = React.memo(
            const fontDescriptor = {
              value: familyId,
              icon: getFontFamilyIcon(familyId),
-              text: getFontFamilyLabel(familyId, fontFaces),
+              text: fontFaces[0]?.fontFace?.family ?? "Unknown",
            };

            if (metadata.deprecated) {
@@ -650,7 +650,8 @@ const LayerUI = ({
 };

 const stripIrrelevantAppStateProps = (appState: AppState): UIAppState => {
-  const { cursorButton, scrollX, scrollY, ...ret } = appState;
+  const { startBoundElement, cursorButton, scrollX, scrollY, ...ret } =
+    appState;
  return ret;
 };

@@ -199,7 +199,6 @@ export default function LibraryMenuItems({
            type: "everything",
            elements: item.elements,
            randomizeSeed: true,
-            preserveFrameChildrenOrder: true,
          }).duplicatedElements,
        };
      });
@@ -26,16 +26,13 @@
    background: var(--RadioGroup-background);
    border: 1px solid var(--RadioGroup-border);

-    gap: 2px;
-
    &__choice {
      position: relative;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
-      min-width: 20px;
+      width: 32px;
      height: 24px;
-      padding: 0 0.375rem;

      color: var(--RadioGroup-choice-color-off);
      background: var(--RadioGroup-choice-background-off);
@@ -1,78 +1,74 @@
 import React, { useEffect } from "react";

+import { t } from "../i18n";
+
 import "./Range.scss";

+import type { AppClassProperties } from "../types";
+
 export type RangeProps = {
-  label: React.ReactNode;
-  value: number;
-  onChange: (value: number) => void;
-  min?: number;
-  max?: number;
-  step?: number;
-  minLabel?: React.ReactNode;
-  hasCommonValue?: boolean;
+  updateData: (value: number) => void;
+  app: AppClassProperties;
  testId?: string;
 };

-export const Range = ({
-  label,
-  value,
-  onChange,
-  min = 0,
-  max = 100,
-  step = 10,
-  minLabel = min,
-  hasCommonValue = true,
-  testId,
-}: RangeProps) => {
+export const Range = ({ updateData, app, testId }: RangeProps) => {
  const rangeRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
  const valueRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const selectedElements = app.scene.getSelectedElements(app.state);
+  let hasCommonOpacity = true;
+  const firstElement = selectedElements.at(0);
+  const leastCommonOpacity = selectedElements.reduce((acc, element) => {
+    if (acc != null && acc !== element.opacity) {
+      hasCommonOpacity = false;
+    }
+    if (acc == null || acc > element.opacity) {
+      return element.opacity;
+    }
+    return acc;
+  }, firstElement?.opacity ?? null);
+
+  const value = leastCommonOpacity ?? app.state.currentItemOpacity;

  useEffect(() => {
    if (rangeRef.current && valueRef.current) {
      const rangeElement = rangeRef.current;
      const valueElement = valueRef.current;
      const inputWidth = rangeElement.offsetWidth;
-      const thumbWidth =
-        parseFloat(
-          getComputedStyle(rangeElement).getPropertyValue(
-            "--slider-thumb-size",
-          ),
-        ) || 16;
-      const progress = ((value - min) / (max - min || 1)) * 100;
+      const thumbWidth = 15; // 15 is the width of the thumb
      const position =
-        (progress / 100) * (inputWidth - thumbWidth) + thumbWidth / 2;
+        (value / 100) * (inputWidth - thumbWidth) + thumbWidth / 2;
      valueElement.style.left = `${position}px`;
-      rangeElement.style.background = `linear-gradient(to right, var(--color-slider-track) 0%, var(--color-slider-track) ${progress}%, var(--button-bg) ${progress}%, var(--button-bg) 100%)`;
+      rangeElement.style.background = `linear-gradient(to right, var(--color-slider-track) 0%, var(--color-slider-track) ${value}%, var(--button-bg) ${value}%, var(--button-bg) 100%)`;
    }
-  }, [max, min, value]);
+  }, [value]);

  return (
    <label className="control-label">
-      {label}
+      {t("labels.opacity")}
      <div className="range-wrapper">
        <input
          style={{
-            ["--color-slider-track" as string]: hasCommonValue
+            ["--color-slider-track" as string]: hasCommonOpacity
              ? undefined
              : "var(--button-bg)",
          }}
          ref={rangeRef}
          type="range"
-          min={min}
-          max={max}
-          step={step}
+          min="0"
+          max="100"
+          step="10"
          onChange={(event) => {
-            onChange(+event.target.value);
+            updateData(+event.target.value);
          }}
          value={value}
          className="range-input"
          data-testid={testId}
        />
        <div className="value-bubble" ref={valueRef}>
-          {value !== min ? value : null}
+          {value !== 0 ? value : null}
        </div>
-        <div className="zero-label">{minLabel}</div>
+        <div className="zero-label">0</div>
      </div>
    </label>
  );
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";

 import "./SVGLayer.scss";

-import type { Trail } from "../animatedTrail";
+import type { Trail } from "../animated-trail";

 type SVGLayerProps = {
  trails: Trail[];
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ const handleDimensionChange: DragInputCallbackType<
          scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted(),
          nextElementsInFrame,
          latestElement,
+          app,
        );

        scene.replaceAllElements(updatedElements);
@@ -301,6 +302,7 @@ const handleDragFinished: DragFinishedCallbackType = ({
      app.scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted(),
      nextElementsInFrame,
      latestElement,
+      app,
    );

    app.scene.replaceAllElements(updatedElements);
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ const handleDimensionChange: DragInputCallbackType<
              scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted(),
              nextElementsInFrame,
              latestElement,
+              app,
            );

            scene.replaceAllElements(updatedElements);
@@ -415,6 +416,7 @@ const handleDragFinished: DragFinishedCallbackType = ({
      app.scene.getElementsIncludingDeleted(),
      nextElementsInFrame,
      latestElement,
+      app,
    );

    app.scene.replaceAllElements(updatedElements);
@@ -361,10 +361,12 @@ describe("stats for a non-generic element", () => {
    mouse.clickAt(20, 30);
    const editor = await getTextEditor();
    updateTextEditor(editor, "Hello!");
-    Keyboard.exitTextEditor(editor);
+    act(() => {
+      editor.blur();
+    });

    const text = h.elements[0] as ExcalidrawTextElement;
-    API.setSelectedElements([text]);
+    mouse.clickOn(text);

    elementStats = stats?.querySelector("#elementStats");

@@ -750,7 +752,7 @@ describe("frame resizing behavior", () => {
      x: 0,
      y: 0,
      width: 100,
-      height: 103,
+      height: 100,
    });

    // Create a rectangle outside the frame
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ type InteractiveCanvasProps = {
  visibleElements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
  selectedElements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
  allElementsMap: NonDeletedSceneElementsMap;
-  canvasNonce: string;
+  sceneNonce: number | undefined;
  selectionNonce: number | undefined;
  scale: number;
  appState: InteractiveCanvasAppState;
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ type InteractiveCanvasProps = {
    DOMAttributes<HTMLCanvasElement | HTMLDivElement>["onContextMenu"],
    undefined
  >;
-  onClick: Exclude<DOMAttributes<HTMLCanvasElement>["onClick"], undefined>;
  onPointerMove: Exclude<
    DOMAttributes<HTMLCanvasElement>["onPointerMove"],
    undefined
@@ -214,7 +213,6 @@ const InteractiveCanvas = (props: InteractiveCanvasProps) => {
      height={props.appState.height * props.scale}
      ref={props.handleCanvasRef}
      onContextMenu={props.onContextMenu}
-      onClick={props.onClick}
      onPointerMove={props.onPointerMove}
      onPointerUp={props.onPointerUp}
      onPointerCancel={props.onPointerCancel}
@@ -253,7 +251,6 @@ const getRelevantAppStateProps = (
  newElement: appState.newElement,
  isBindingEnabled: appState.isBindingEnabled,
  isMidpointSnappingEnabled: appState.isMidpointSnappingEnabled,
-  gridModeEnabled: appState.gridModeEnabled,
  suggestedBinding: appState.suggestedBinding,
  isRotating: appState.isRotating,
  elementsToHighlight: appState.elementsToHighlight,
@@ -280,10 +277,10 @@ const areEqual = (
  // This could be further optimised if needed, as we don't have to render interactive canvas on each scene mutation
  if (
    prevProps.selectionNonce !== nextProps.selectionNonce ||
-    prevProps.canvasNonce !== nextProps.canvasNonce ||
+    prevProps.sceneNonce !== nextProps.sceneNonce ||
    prevProps.scale !== nextProps.scale ||
    // we need to memoize on elementsMap because they may have renewed
-    // even if canvasNonce didn't change (e.g. we filter elements out based
+    // even if sceneNonce didn't change (e.g. we filter elements out based
    // on appState)
    prevProps.elementsMap !== nextProps.elementsMap ||
    prevProps.visibleElements !== nextProps.visibleElements ||
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import type { RoughCanvas } from "roughjs/bin/canvas";

 interface NewElementCanvasProps {
  appState: AppState;
-  newElement: NonNullable<AppState["newElement"]>;
  elementsMap: RenderableElementsMap;
  allElementsMap: NonDeletedSceneElementsMap;
  scale: number;
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ const NewElementCanvas = (props: NewElementCanvasProps) => {
      {
        canvas: canvasRef.current,
        scale: props.scale,
-        newElement: props.newElement,
+        newElement: props.appState.newElement,
        elementsMap: props.elementsMap,
        allElementsMap: props.allElementsMap,
        rc: props.rc,
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ type StaticCanvasProps = {
  elementsMap: RenderableElementsMap;
  allElementsMap: NonDeletedSceneElementsMap;
  visibleElements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
-  canvasNonce: string;
+  sceneNonce: number | undefined;
  selectionNonce: number | undefined;
  scale: number;
  appState: StaticCanvasAppState;
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@ const areEqual = (
  nextProps: StaticCanvasProps,
 ) => {
  if (
-    prevProps.canvasNonce !== nextProps.canvasNonce ||
+    prevProps.sceneNonce !== nextProps.sceneNonce ||
    prevProps.scale !== nextProps.scale ||
    // we need to memoize on elementsMap because they may have renewed
-    // even if canvasNonce didn't change (e.g. we filter elements out based
+    // even if sceneNonce didn't change (e.g. we filter elements out based
    // on appState)
    prevProps.elementsMap !== nextProps.elementsMap ||
    prevProps.visibleElements !== nextProps.visibleElements
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 .excalidraw {
  .dropdown-menu {
-    max-width: 20rem;
+    max-width: 16rem;
    z-index: 1;

    &--placement-top {
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { useEditorInterface } from "../App";
-import { Ellipsify } from "../Ellipsify";
 import { RadioGroup } from "../RadioGroup";

 type Props<T> = {
@@ -13,7 +12,6 @@ type Props<T> = {
  onChange: (value: T) => void;
  children: React.ReactNode;
  name: string;
-  icon?: React.ReactNode;
 };

 const DropdownMenuItemContentRadio = <T,>({
@@ -23,17 +21,13 @@ const DropdownMenuItemContentRadio = <T,>({
  choices,
  children,
  name,
-  icon,
 }: Props<T>) => {
  const editorInterface = useEditorInterface();

  return (
    <>
      <div className="dropdown-menu-item-base dropdown-menu-item-bare">
-        {icon && <div className="dropdown-menu-item__icon">{icon}</div>}
-        <label className="dropdown-menu-item__text">
-          <Ellipsify>{children}</Ellipsify>
-        </label>
+        <label className="dropdown-menu-item__text">{children}</label>
        <RadioGroup
          name={name}
          value={value}
@@ -39,13 +39,7 @@ import DropdownMenuItemCheckbox from "../dropdownMenu/DropdownMenuItemCheckbox";
 import DropdownMenuItemContentRadio from "../dropdownMenu/DropdownMenuItemContentRadio";
 import DropdownMenuItemLink from "../dropdownMenu/DropdownMenuItemLink";
 import DropdownMenuSub from "../dropdownMenu/DropdownMenuSub";
-import {
-  GithubIcon,
-  DiscordIcon,
-  XBrandIcon,
-  settingsIcon,
-  emptyIcon,
-} from "../icons";
+import { GithubIcon, DiscordIcon, XBrandIcon, settingsIcon } from "../icons";
 import {
  boltIcon,
  DeviceDesktopIcon,
@@ -433,39 +427,6 @@ const PreferencesToggleToolLockItem = () => {
  );
 };

-const PreferencesBoxSelectionModeItem = () => {
-  const { t } = useI18n();
-  const appState = useUIAppState();
-  const setAppState = useExcalidrawSetAppState();
-
-  return (
-    <DropdownMenuItemContentRadio<"contain" | "overlap">
-      name="boxSelectionMode"
-      icon={emptyIcon}
-      value={appState.boxSelectionMode}
-      onChange={(value) => {
-        setAppState({
-          boxSelectionMode: value,
-        });
-      }}
-      choices={[
-        {
-          value: "contain",
-          label: t("labels.boxSelectionContain"),
-          ariaLabel: t("labels.boxSelectionContain"),
-        },
-        {
-          value: "overlap",
-          label: t("labels.boxSelectionOverlap"),
-          ariaLabel: t("labels.boxSelectionOverlap"),
-        },
-      ]}
-    >
-      {t("labels.boxSelectionMode")}
-    </DropdownMenuItemContentRadio>
-  );
-};
-
 const PreferencesToggleSnapModeItem = () => {
  const { t } = useI18n();
  const actionManager = useExcalidrawActionManager();
@@ -607,7 +568,6 @@ export const Preferences = ({
      <DropdownMenuSub.Content className="excalidraw-main-menu-preferences-submenu">
        {children || (
          <>
-            <PreferencesBoxSelectionModeItem />
            <PreferencesToggleToolLockItem />
            <PreferencesToggleSnapModeItem />
            <PreferencesToggleGridModeItem />
@@ -625,7 +585,6 @@ export const Preferences = ({
 };

 Preferences.ToggleToolLock = PreferencesToggleToolLockItem;
-Preferences.BoxSelectionMode = PreferencesBoxSelectionModeItem;
 Preferences.ToggleSnapMode = PreferencesToggleSnapModeItem;
 Preferences.ToggleArrowBinding = PreferencesToggleArrowBindingItem;
 Preferences.ToggleMidpointSnapping = PreferencesToggleMidpointSnappingItem;
@@ -119,12 +119,15 @@ export const SHAPES = [
 export const getToolbarTools = (app: AppClassProperties) => {
  return app.state.preferredSelectionTool.type === "lasso"
    ? ([
-        SHAPES[0],
        {
-          ...SHAPES[1],
          value: "lasso",
+          icon: SelectionIcon,
+          key: KEYS.V,
+          numericKey: KEYS["1"],
+          fillable: true,
+          toolbar: true,
        },
-        ...SHAPES.slice(2),
+        ...SHAPES.slice(1),
      ] as const)
    : SHAPES;
 };
@@ -814,14 +814,6 @@ body.excalidraw-cursor-resize * {
  .excalidraw__embeddable__outer {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
-  }
-
-  .excalidraw__embeddable__content {
-    width: 100%;
-    height: 100%;
-    transform-origin: top left;
-
-    &,
    & > * {
      border-radius: var(--embeddable-radius);
    }
@@ -311,48 +311,6 @@ export const dataURLToString = (dataURL: DataURL) => {
  return base64ToString(dataURL.slice(dataURL.indexOf(",") + 1));
 };

-const getImageFileDimensions = async (file: File) => {
-  const browserURL = typeof window !== "undefined" ? window.URL : undefined;
-  let objectURL: string | null = null;
-  let imageSource: string;
-
-  try {
-    imageSource = browserURL?.createObjectURL
-      ? (objectURL = browserURL.createObjectURL(file))
-      : await getDataURL(file);
-  } catch {
-    objectURL = null;
-    imageSource = await getDataURL(file);
-  }
-
-  return new Promise<{ width: number; height: number }>((resolve, reject) => {
-    const image = new Image();
-
-    const cleanup = () => {
-      image.onload = null;
-      image.onerror = null;
-
-      if (objectURL && browserURL?.revokeObjectURL) {
-        browserURL.revokeObjectURL(objectURL);
-      }
-    };
-
-    image.onload = () => {
-      cleanup();
-      resolve({
-        width: image.naturalWidth || image.width,
-        height: image.naturalHeight || image.height,
-      });
-    };
-    image.onerror = (error) => {
-      cleanup();
-      reject(error);
-    };
-
-    image.src = imageSource;
-  });
-};
-
 export const resizeImageFile = async (
  file: File,
  opts: {
@@ -366,20 +324,6 @@ export const resizeImageFile = async (
    return file;
  }

-  if (!isSupportedImageFile(file)) {
-    throw new Error("Error: unsupported file type", { cause: "UNSUPPORTED" });
-  }
-
-  if (!opts.outputType || opts.outputType === file.type) {
-    const dimensions = await getImageFileDimensions(file);
-
-    if (
-      Math.max(dimensions.width, dimensions.height) <= opts.maxWidthOrHeight
-    ) {
-      return file;
-    }
-  }
-
  const [pica, imageBlobReduce] = await Promise.all([
    import("pica").then((res) => res.default),
    // a wrapper for pica for better API
@@ -403,6 +347,10 @@ export const resizeImageFile = async (
    };
  }

+  if (!isSupportedImageFile(file)) {
+    throw new Error("Error: unsupported file type", { cause: "UNSUPPORTED" });
+  }
+
  return new File(
    [await reduce.toBlob(file, { max: opts.maxWidthOrHeight, alpha: true })],
    file.name,
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import {
  MIME_TYPES,
  cloneJSON,
  SVG_DOCUMENT_PREAMBLE,
-  arrayToMap,
 } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import { getNonDeletedElements } from "@excalidraw/element";
@@ -50,7 +49,6 @@ export const prepareElementsForExport = (
  exportSelectionOnly: boolean,
 ) => {
  elements = getNonDeletedElements(elements);
-  const elementsMap = arrayToMap(elements);

  const isExportingSelection =
    exportSelectionOnly &&
@@ -73,11 +71,7 @@ export const prepareElementsForExport = (
      isFrameLikeElement(exportedElements[0])
    ) {
      exportingFrame = exportedElements[0];
-      exportedElements = getElementsOverlappingFrame(
-        elements,
-        exportingFrame,
-        elementsMap,
-      );
+      exportedElements = getElementsOverlappingFrame(elements, exportingFrame);
    } else if (exportedElements.length > 1) {
      exportedElements = getSelectedElements(
        elements,
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { isFiniteNumber, isValidPoint, pointFrom } from "@excalidraw/math";
+import { isFiniteNumber, pointFrom } from "@excalidraw/math";

 import {
  type CombineBrandsIfNeeded,
@@ -96,69 +96,6 @@ type RestoredAppState = Omit<
  "offsetTop" | "offsetLeft" | "width" | "height"
 >;

-const MAX_ARROW_PX = 75_000;
-
-const restoreLinearElementPoints = (
-  points: unknown,
-  width: unknown,
-  height: unknown,
-): LocalPoint[] => {
-  const restoredPoints = Array.isArray(points)
-    ? points.reduce<LocalPoint[]>((acc, point) => {
-        if (isValidPoint(point)) {
-          acc.push(pointFrom<LocalPoint>(point[0], point[1]));
-        }
-        return acc;
-      }, [])
-    : [];
-
-  return restoredPoints.length < 2
-    ? [
-        pointFrom<LocalPoint>(0, 0),
-        pointFrom<LocalPoint>(
-          isFiniteNumber(width) ? width : 0,
-          isFiniteNumber(height) ? height : 0,
-        ),
-      ]
-    : restoredPoints;
-};
-
-const restoreFreedrawPoints = (
-  points: unknown,
-  pressures: unknown,
-): {
-  points: LocalPoint[];
-  pressures: number[];
-} => {
-  if (!Array.isArray(points)) {
-    return {
-      points: [],
-      pressures: [],
-    };
-  }
-
-  const pressureValues: readonly unknown[] = Array.isArray(pressures)
-    ? pressures
-    : [];
-  const restoredPoints: LocalPoint[] = [];
-  const restoredPressures: number[] = [];
-
-  points.forEach((point, index) => {
-    if (isValidPoint(point)) {
-      restoredPoints.push(pointFrom<LocalPoint>(point[0], point[1]));
-      if (index in pressureValues) {
-        const pressure = pressureValues[index];
-        restoredPressures.push(isFiniteNumber(pressure) ? pressure : 0.5);
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  return {
-    points: restoredPoints,
-    pressures: restoredPressures,
-  };
-};
-
 export const AllowedExcalidrawActiveTools: Record<
  AppState["activeTool"]["type"],
  boolean
@@ -314,9 +251,7 @@ const repairBinding = <T extends ExcalidrawArrowElement>(
      };
    }

-    console.error(
-      `Could not repair binding for element "${boundElement?.id}" out of (${elementsMap?.size}) elements`,
-    );
+    console.error(`could not repair binding for element`);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error("Error repairing binding:", error);
  }
@@ -475,15 +410,10 @@ export const restoreElement = (

      return element;
    case "freedraw": {
-      const { points, pressures } = restoreFreedrawPoints(
-        element.points,
-        element.pressures,
-      );
-
      return restoreElementWithProperties(element, {
-        points,
+        points: element.points,
        simulatePressure: element.simulatePressure,
-        pressures,
+        pressures: element.pressures,
      });
    }
    case "image":
@@ -501,20 +431,14 @@ export const restoreElement = (
      const endArrowhead = normalizeArrowhead(element.endArrowhead);
      let x = element.x;
      let y = element.y;
-      let points = restoreLinearElementPoints(
-        element.points,
-        element.width,
-        element.height,
-      );
+      let points = // migrate old arrow model to new one
+        !Array.isArray(element.points) || element.points.length < 2
+          ? [pointFrom(0, 0), pointFrom(element.width, element.height)]
+          : element.points;

      if (points[0][0] !== 0 || points[0][1] !== 0) {
        ({ points, x, y } =
-          LinearElementEditor.getNormalizeElementPointsAndCoords({
-            ...element,
-            points,
-            x: x ?? 0,
-            y: y ?? 0,
-          } as ExcalidrawLinearElement));
+          LinearElementEditor.getNormalizeElementPointsAndCoords(element));
      }

      return restoreElementWithProperties(element, {
@@ -528,7 +452,7 @@ export const restoreElement = (
        y,
        ...(isLineElement(element)
          ? {
-              polygon: isValidPolygon(points)
+              polygon: isValidPolygon(element.points)
                ? element.polygon ?? false
                : false,
            }
@@ -541,31 +465,24 @@ export const restoreElement = (
        element.endArrowhead === undefined
          ? "arrow"
          : normalizeArrowhead(element.endArrowhead);
-      const x = element.x as number | undefined;
-      const y = element.y as number | undefined;
-      const points = restoreLinearElementPoints(
-        element.points,
-        element.width,
-        element.height,
-      );
-      const elementWithRestoredPoints = {
-        ...element,
-        points,
-        x: x ?? 0,
-        y: y ?? 0,
-      } as ExcalidrawArrowElement;
+      const x: number | undefined = element.x;
+      const y: number | undefined = element.y;
+      const points: readonly LocalPoint[] | undefined = // migrate old arrow model to new one
+        !Array.isArray(element.points) || element.points.length < 2
+          ? [pointFrom(0, 0), pointFrom(element.width, element.height)]
+          : element.points;

      const base = {
        type: element.type,
        startBinding: repairBinding(
-          elementWithRestoredPoints,
+          element as ExcalidrawArrowElement,
          element.startBinding,
          targetElementsMap,
          existingElementsMap,
          "start",
        ),
        endBinding: repairBinding(
-          elementWithRestoredPoints,
+          element as ExcalidrawArrowElement,
          element.endBinding,
          targetElementsMap,
          existingElementsMap,
@@ -574,8 +491,8 @@ export const restoreElement = (
        startArrowhead,
        endArrowhead,
        points,
-        x: x ?? 0,
-        y: y ?? 0,
+        x,
+        y,
        elbowed: (element as ExcalidrawArrowElement).elbowed,
        ...getSizeFromPoints(points),
      };
@@ -594,44 +511,12 @@ export const restoreElement = (
          })
        : restoreElementWithProperties(element as ExcalidrawArrowElement, base);

-      const normalizedRestoredElement = {
+      return {
        ...restoredElement,
        ...LinearElementEditor.getNormalizeElementPointsAndCoords(
          restoredElement,
        ),
      };
-
-      // Last resort fix for extremely large arrows
-      if (
-        normalizedRestoredElement.width > MAX_ARROW_PX ||
-        normalizedRestoredElement.height > MAX_ARROW_PX
-      ) {
-        console.error(
-          `Removing extremely large arrow ${
-            normalizedRestoredElement.id
-          } (type: ${
-            isElbowArrow(normalizedRestoredElement) ? "elbow" : "simple"
-          }, width: ${normalizedRestoredElement.width}, height: ${
-            normalizedRestoredElement.height
-          }, x: ${normalizedRestoredElement.x}, y: ${
-            normalizedRestoredElement.y
-          })`,
-        );
-        return {
-          ...normalizedRestoredElement,
-          x: 0,
-          y: 0,
-          width: 100,
-          height: 100,
-          points: [
-            pointFrom<LocalPoint>(0, 0),
-            pointFrom<LocalPoint>(100, 100),
-          ],
-          isDeleted: true,
-        };
-      }
-
-      return normalizedRestoredElement;
    }

    // generic elements
@@ -779,7 +664,6 @@ export const restoreElements = <T extends ExcalidrawElement>(
  const existingElementsMap = existingElements
    ? arrayToMap(existingElements)
    : null;
-
  const restoredElements = syncInvalidIndices(
    (targetElements || []).reduce((elements, element) => {
      // filtering out selection, which is legacy, no longer kept in elements,
@@ -876,7 +760,7 @@ export const restoreElements = <T extends ExcalidrawElement>(
    }
  }

-  // NOTE (mtolmacs): Temporary fix for invalid/self-bound elbow arrows
+  // NOTE (mtolmacs): Temporary fix for extremely large arrows
  // Need to iterate again so we have attached text nodes in elementsMap
  return restoredElements.map((element) => {
    if (
@@ -1050,12 +934,6 @@ export const restoreAppState = (
        : defaultValue;
  }

-  const boxSelectionMode =
-    appState.boxSelectionMode ?? localAppState?.boxSelectionMode;
-  if (boxSelectionMode !== undefined) {
-    nextAppState.boxSelectionMode = boxSelectionMode;
-  }
-
  return {
    ...nextAppState,
    cursorButton: localAppState?.cursorButton || "up",
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ import type { Bounds } from "@excalidraw/common";
 import type { GlobalPoint, LineSegment } from "@excalidraw/math/types";
 import type { ElementsMap, ExcalidrawElement } from "@excalidraw/element/types";

-import { AnimatedTrail } from "../animatedTrail";
+import { AnimatedTrail } from "../animated-trail";
+
+import type { AnimationFrameHandler } from "../animation-frame-handler";

 import type App from "../components/App";

@@ -41,8 +43,8 @@ export class EraserTrail extends AnimatedTrail {
  private elementsToErase: Set<ExcalidrawElement["id"]> = new Set();
  private groupsToErase: Set<ExcalidrawElement["id"]> = new Set();

-  constructor(app: App) {
-    super(app, {
+  constructor(animationFrameHandler: AnimationFrameHandler, app: App) {
+    super(animationFrameHandler, app, {
      streamline: 0.2,
      size: 5,
      keepHead: true,
@@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ import React, {
  useState,
 } from "react";

-import {
-  DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS,
-  DEFAULT_UI_OPTIONS,
-  isShallowEqual,
-} from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { DEFAULT_UI_OPTIONS, isShallowEqual } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import App, {
  ExcalidrawAPIContext,
@@ -102,7 +98,6 @@ const ExcalidrawBase = (props: ExcalidrawProps) => {
    aiEnabled,
    showDeprecatedFonts,
    renderScrollbars,
-    imageOptions,
  } = props;

  const canvasActions = props.UIOptions?.canvasActions;
@@ -133,13 +128,6 @@ const ExcalidrawBase = (props: ExcalidrawProps) => {
    UIOptions.canvasActions.toggleTheme = true;
  }

-  const normalizedImageOptions: AppProps["imageOptions"] = {
-    maxFileSizeBytes:
-      imageOptions?.maxFileSizeBytes ?? DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxFileSizeBytes,
-    maxWidthOrHeight:
-      imageOptions?.maxWidthOrHeight ?? DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxWidthOrHeight,
-  };
-
  const setExcalidrawAPI = useContext(ExcalidrawAPISetContext);

  const onExcalidrawAPIRef = useRef(onExcalidrawAPI);
@@ -220,7 +208,6 @@ const ExcalidrawBase = (props: ExcalidrawProps) => {
          aiEnabled={aiEnabled !== false}
          showDeprecatedFonts={showDeprecatedFonts}
          renderScrollbars={renderScrollbars}
-          imageOptions={normalizedImageOptions}
        >
          {children}
        </App>
@@ -238,13 +225,11 @@ const areEqual = (prevProps: ExcalidrawProps, nextProps: ExcalidrawProps) => {
  const {
    initialData: prevInitialData,
    UIOptions: prevUIOptions = {},
-    imageOptions: prevImageOptions,
    ...prev
  } = prevProps;
  const {
    initialData: nextInitialData,
    UIOptions: nextUIOptions = {},
-    imageOptions: nextImageOptions,
    ...next
  } = nextProps;

@@ -288,17 +273,7 @@ const areEqual = (prevProps: ExcalidrawProps, nextProps: ExcalidrawProps) => {
    return prevUIOptions[key] === nextUIOptions[key];
  });

-  const isImageOptionsSame =
-    (prevImageOptions?.maxWidthOrHeight ??
-      DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxWidthOrHeight) ===
-      (nextImageOptions?.maxWidthOrHeight ??
-        DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxWidthOrHeight) &&
-    (prevImageOptions?.maxFileSizeBytes ??
-      DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxFileSizeBytes) ===
-      (nextImageOptions?.maxFileSizeBytes ??
-        DEFAULT_IMAGE_OPTIONS.maxFileSizeBytes);
-
-  return isUIOptionsSame && isImageOptionsSame && isShallowEqual(prev, next);
+  return isUIOptionsSame && isShallowEqual(prev, next);
 };

 export const Excalidraw = React.memo(ExcalidrawBase, areEqual);
@@ -407,8 +382,6 @@ export { DiagramToCodePlugin } from "./components/DiagramToCodePlugin/DiagramToC
 export { getDataURL } from "./data/blob";
 export { isElementLink } from "@excalidraw/element";

-export { Fonts } from "./fonts/Fonts";
-
 export { setCustomTextMetricsProvider } from "@excalidraw/element";

 export { CommandPalette } from "./components/CommandPalette/CommandPalette";
@@ -2,20 +2,27 @@ import { DEFAULT_LASER_COLOR, easeOut } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import type { LaserPointerOptions } from "@excalidraw/laser-pointer";

-import { AnimatedTrail } from "./animatedTrail";
+import { AnimatedTrail } from "./animated-trail";
 import { getClientColor } from "./clients";

-import type { Trail } from "./animatedTrail";
+import type { Trail } from "./animated-trail";
+import type { AnimationFrameHandler } from "./animation-frame-handler";
 import type App from "./components/App";
 import type { SocketId } from "./types";

 export class LaserTrails implements Trail {
  public localTrail: AnimatedTrail;
  private collabTrails = new Map<SocketId, AnimatedTrail>();
+
  private container?: SVGSVGElement;

-  constructor(private app: App) {
-    this.localTrail = new AnimatedTrail(app, {
+  constructor(
+    private animationFrameHandler: AnimationFrameHandler,
+    private app: App,
+  ) {
+    this.animationFrameHandler.register(this, this.onFrame.bind(this));
+
+    this.localTrail = new AnimatedTrail(animationFrameHandler, app, {
      ...this.getTrailOptions(),
      fill: () => DEFAULT_LASER_COLOR,
    });
@@ -56,45 +63,30 @@ export class LaserTrails implements Trail {

  start(container: SVGSVGElement) {
    this.container = container;
+
+    this.animationFrameHandler.start(this);
    this.localTrail.start(container);
  }

  stop() {
+    this.animationFrameHandler.stop(this);
    this.localTrail.stop();
-    this.stopCollabTrails();
-    this.container = undefined;
  }

-  private stopCollabTrails(collaborators?: App["state"]["collaborators"]) {
-    for (const [key, trail] of this.collabTrails) {
-      const collaborator = collaborators?.get(key);
-
-      if (!collaborator) {
-        trail.stop();
-        this.collabTrails.delete(key);
-      }
-    }
+  onFrame() {
+    this.updateCollabTrails();
  }

-  updateCollabTrails(collaborators: App["state"]["collaborators"]) {
-    this.stopCollabTrails(collaborators);
-
-    if (!this.container || collaborators.size === 0) {
+  private updateCollabTrails() {
+    if (!this.container || this.app.state.collaborators.size === 0) {
      return;
    }

-    for (const [key, collaborator] of collaborators.entries()) {
-      // Current user has their own trail drawn via localTrail
-      if (collaborator.isCurrentUser) {
-        continue;
-      }
+    for (const [key, collaborator] of this.app.state.collaborators.entries()) {
+      let trail!: AnimatedTrail;

-      // IDEA: Use the collaborator pointer coordinates to trace out the
-      // laser pointer trail when 1) the selected collab tool is the laser
-      // pointer and 2) the collab pointer button is in the "down" state.
-      let trail = this.collabTrails.get(key);
-      if (!trail) {
-        trail = new AnimatedTrail(this.app, {
+      if (!this.collabTrails.has(key)) {
+        trail = new AnimatedTrail(this.animationFrameHandler, this.app, {
          ...this.getTrailOptions(),
          fill: () =>
            collaborator.pointer?.laserColor ||
@@ -103,33 +95,36 @@ export class LaserTrails implements Trail {
        trail.start(this.container);

        this.collabTrails.set(key, trail);
+      } else {
+        trail = this.collabTrails.get(key)!;
      }

      if (collaborator.pointer && collaborator.pointer.tool === "laser") {
-        const buttonDown = collaborator.button === "down";
-        const buttonUp = collaborator.button === "up";
-        const hasTrail = trail.hasCurrentTrail;
-
-        // Initialize a new trail
-        if (buttonDown && !hasTrail) {
+        if (collaborator.button === "down" && !trail.hasCurrentTrail) {
          trail.startPath(collaborator.pointer.x, collaborator.pointer.y);
        }

-        // Add only original points
-        const lastPointOriginal = !trail.hasLastPoint(
-          collaborator.pointer.x,
-          collaborator.pointer.y,
-        );
-        if (buttonDown && lastPointOriginal) {
+        if (
+          collaborator.button === "down" &&
+          trail.hasCurrentTrail &&
+          !trail.hasLastPoint(collaborator.pointer.x, collaborator.pointer.y)
+        ) {
          trail.addPointToPath(collaborator.pointer.x, collaborator.pointer.y);
        }

-        // End the trail on button up
-        if (buttonUp && hasTrail) {
+        if (collaborator.button === "up" && trail.hasCurrentTrail) {
          trail.addPointToPath(collaborator.pointer.x, collaborator.pointer.y);
          trail.endPath();
        }
      }
    }
+
+    for (const key of this.collabTrails.keys()) {
+      if (!this.app.state.collaborators.has(key)) {
+        const trail = this.collabTrails.get(key)!;
+        trail.stop();
+        this.collabTrails.delete(key);
+      }
+    }
  }
 }
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ import type {
  NonDeleted,
 } from "@excalidraw/element/types";

-import { AnimatedTrail } from "../animatedTrail";
+import { type AnimationFrameHandler } from "../animation-frame-handler";
+
+import { AnimatedTrail } from "../animated-trail";

 import { getLassoSelectedElementIds } from "./utils";

@@ -45,8 +47,8 @@ export class LassoTrail extends AnimatedTrail {
  private canvasTranslate: CanvasTranslate | null = null;
  private keepPreviousSelection: boolean = false;

-  constructor(app: App) {
-    super(app, {
+  constructor(animationFrameHandler: AnimationFrameHandler, app: App) {
+    super(animationFrameHandler, app, {
      animateTrail: true,
      streamline: 0.4,
      sizeMapping: (c) => {
@@ -185,9 +185,6 @@
    "shapeSwitch": "Switch shape",
    "preferences": "Preferences",
    "preferences_toolLock": "Tool lock",
-    "boxSelectionMode": "Select on",
-    "boxSelectionContain": "Wrap",
-    "boxSelectionOverlap": "Overlap",
    "arrowBinding": "Arrow binding",
    "midpointSnapping": "Snap to midpoints"
  },
@@ -664,7 +661,7 @@
    "placeholder": {
      "title": "Let's design your diagram",
      "description": "Describe the diagram you want to create, and we'll generate it for you.",
-      "hint": "At the moment we know Flowchart, Sequence, Class, State, and Entity Relationship diagrams."
+      "hint": "At the moment we know Flowchart, Sequence, Class, and Entity Relationship diagrams."
    },
    "preview": "Preview",
    "insert": "Insert",
@@ -88,13 +88,14 @@
    "@excalidraw/element": "0.18.0",
    "@excalidraw/laser-pointer": "1.3.1",
    "@excalidraw/math": "0.18.0",
-    "@excalidraw/mermaid-to-excalidraw": "2.2.2",
+    "@excalidraw/mermaid-to-excalidraw": "2.1.1",
    "@excalidraw/random-username": "1.1.0",
    "browser-fs-access": "0.38.0",
    "canvas-roundrect-polyfill": "0.0.1",
    "clsx": "1.1.1",
    "cross-env": "7.0.3",
    "es6-promise-pool": "2.5.0",
+    "fractional-indexing": "3.2.0",
    "fuzzy": "0.1.3",
    "image-blob-reduce": "3.0.1",
    "jotai": "2.11.0",
@@ -23,94 +23,6 @@ const polyfill = () => {
    });
  }

-  if (!Array.prototype.findLast) {
-    Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "findLast", {
-      value: function <T>(
-        this: T[],
-        predicate: (value: T, index: number, array: T[]) => unknown,
-        thisArg?: unknown,
-      ) {
-        return this
-          .slice()
-          .reverse()
-          .find((value, index) =>
-            predicate.call(thisArg, value, this.length - index - 1, this),
-          );
-      },
-      writable: true,
-      enumerable: false,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (!Array.prototype.findIndex) {
-    Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "findIndex", {
-      value: function <T>(
-        this: T[],
-        predicate: (value: T, index: number, array: T[]) => unknown,
-        thisArg?: unknown,
-      ) {
-        for (let index = 0; index < this.length; index++) {
-          if (predicate.call(thisArg, this[index], index, this)) {
-            return index;
-          }
-        }
-
-        return -1;
-      },
-      writable: true,
-      enumerable: false,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (!Array.prototype.findLastIndex) {
-    Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "findLastIndex", {
-      value: function <T>(
-        this: T[],
-        predicate: (value: T, index: number, array: T[]) => unknown,
-        thisArg?: unknown,
-      ) {
-        const index = this
-          .slice()
-          .reverse()
-          .findIndex((value, index) =>
-            predicate.call(thisArg, value, this.length - index - 1, this),
-          );
-
-        return index === -1 ? -1 : this.length - index - 1;
-      },
-      writable: true,
-      enumerable: false,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (!Array.prototype.toReversed) {
-    Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "toReversed", {
-      value: function <T>(this: T[]) {
-        return this.slice().reverse();
-      },
-      writable: true,
-      enumerable: false,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (!Array.prototype.toSorted) {
-    Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "toSorted", {
-      value: function <T>(
-        this: T[],
-        compareFn?: (a: T, b: T) => number,
-      ) {
-        return this.slice().sort(compareFn);
-      },
-      writable: true,
-      enumerable: false,
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-  }
-
  if (!Element.prototype.replaceChildren) {
    Element.prototype.replaceChildren = function (...nodes) {
      this.innerHTML = "";
@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@ export type Animation<R extends object> = (params: {
 }) => R | null | undefined;

 export class AnimationController {
-  private static scheduledFrame:
-    | { id: ReturnType<typeof requestAnimationFrame>; type: "raf" }
-    | { id: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>; type: "timeout" }
-    | null = null;
+  private static isRunning = false;
  private static animations = new Map<
    string,
    {
@@ -20,10 +17,6 @@ export class AnimationController {
  >();

  static start<R extends object>(key: string, animation: Animation<R>) {
-    if (AnimationController.animations.has(key)) {
-      return;
-    }
-
    const initialState = animation({
      deltaTime: 0,
      state: undefined,
@@ -36,54 +29,19 @@ export class AnimationController {
        state: initialState,
      });

-      AnimationController.scheduleNextFrame();
+      if (!AnimationController.isRunning) {
+        AnimationController.isRunning = true;
+
+        if (isRenderThrottlingEnabled()) {
+          requestAnimationFrame(AnimationController.tick);
+        } else {
+          setTimeout(AnimationController.tick, 0);
+        }
+      }
    }
  }

-  private static scheduleNextFrame() {
-    if (AnimationController.scheduledFrame) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (isRenderThrottlingEnabled()) {
-      AnimationController.scheduledFrame = {
-        id: requestAnimationFrame(AnimationController.tick),
-        type: "raf",
-      };
-    } else {
-      AnimationController.scheduledFrame = {
-        id: setTimeout(AnimationController.tick, 0),
-        type: "timeout",
-      };
-    }
-  }
-
-  private static cancelScheduledFrame() {
-    if (!AnimationController.scheduledFrame) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (AnimationController.scheduledFrame.type === "raf") {
-      cancelAnimationFrame(AnimationController.scheduledFrame.id);
-    } else {
-      clearTimeout(AnimationController.scheduledFrame.id);
-    }
-
-    AnimationController.scheduledFrame = null;
-  }
-
-  private static cancelScheduledFrameIfIdle() {
-    if (AnimationController.animations.size > 0) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    AnimationController.cancelScheduledFrame();
-    return true;
-  }
-
  private static tick() {
-    AnimationController.scheduledFrame = null;
-
    if (AnimationController.animations.size > 0) {
      for (const [key, animation] of AnimationController.animations) {
        const now = performance.now();
@@ -98,7 +56,8 @@ export class AnimationController {
        if (!state) {
          AnimationController.animations.delete(key);

-          if (AnimationController.cancelScheduledFrameIfIdle()) {
+          if (AnimationController.animations.size === 0) {
+            AnimationController.isRunning = false;
            return;
          }
        } else {
@@ -107,11 +66,11 @@ export class AnimationController {
        }
      }

-      if (AnimationController.cancelScheduledFrameIfIdle()) {
-        return;
+      if (isRenderThrottlingEnabled()) {
+        requestAnimationFrame(AnimationController.tick);
+      } else {
+        setTimeout(AnimationController.tick, 0);
      }
-
-      AnimationController.scheduleNextFrame();
    }
  }

@@ -121,6 +80,5 @@ export class AnimationController {

  static cancel(key: string) {
    AnimationController.animations.delete(key);
-    AnimationController.cancelScheduledFrameIfIdle();
  }
 }
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import {
  FRAME_STYLE,
  getFeatureFlag,
  invariant,
-  shouldRotateWithDiscreteAngle,
  THEME,
 } from "@excalidraw/common";

@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ import {
  maxBindingDistance_simple,
  isTextElement,
  LinearElementEditor,
-  getActiveTextElement,
 } from "@excalidraw/element";

 import { renderSelectionElement } from "@excalidraw/element";
@@ -60,8 +58,6 @@ import {
  isFocusPointVisible,
 } from "@excalidraw/element";

-import type { EditorInterface } from "@excalidraw/common";
-
 import type {
  TransformHandles,
  TransformHandleType,
@@ -90,10 +86,6 @@ import {
 } from "../scene/scrollbars";

 import { getClientColor, renderRemoteCursors } from "../clients";
-import {
-  getTextAutoResizeHandle,
-  getTextBoxPadding,
-} from "../textAutoResizeHandle";

 import {
  bootstrapCanvas,
@@ -230,7 +222,6 @@ const renderBindingHighlightForBindableElement_simple = (
  elementsMap: ElementsMap,
  appState: InteractiveCanvasAppState,
  pointerCoords: GlobalPoint | null,
-  angleLocked = false,
 ) => {
  const enclosingFrame =
    suggestedBinding.element.frameId &&
@@ -417,8 +408,6 @@ const renderBindingHighlightForBindableElement_simple = (

  if (
    appState.isMidpointSnappingEnabled &&
-    !appState.gridModeEnabled &&
-    !angleLocked &&
    (isFrameLikeElement(suggestedBinding.element) ||
      isBindableElement(suggestedBinding.element))
  ) {
@@ -811,12 +800,7 @@ const renderBindingHighlightForBindableElement_complex = (

    context.restore();

-    if (
-      appState.isMidpointSnappingEnabled &&
-      !appState.gridModeEnabled &&
-      (!app.lastPointerMoveEvent ||
-        !shouldRotateWithDiscreteAngle(app.lastPointerMoveEvent))
-    ) {
+    if (appState.isMidpointSnappingEnabled) {
      // Draw midpoint indicators
      context.save();
      context.translate(
@@ -929,16 +913,12 @@ const renderBindingHighlightForBindableElement = (
        app.lastPointerMoveCoords.y,
      )
    : null;
-  const angleLocked =
-    !!app.lastPointerMoveEvent &&
-    shouldRotateWithDiscreteAngle(app.lastPointerMoveEvent);
  renderBindingHighlightForBindableElement_simple(
    context,
    suggestedBinding,
    allElementsMap,
    appState,
    pointerCoords,
-    angleLocked,
  );
  context.restore();
 };
@@ -1169,7 +1149,6 @@ const renderLinearPointHandles = (
          points[idx],
          idx,
          appState.zoom,
-          elementsMap,
        )
      ) {
        renderSingleLinearPoint(
@@ -1510,58 +1489,21 @@ const renderTextBox = (
  selectionColor: InteractiveCanvasRenderConfig["selectionColor"],
 ) => {
  context.save();
-  const padding = getTextBoxPadding(appState.zoom.value);
+  const padding = (DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_HANDLE_SPACING * 2) / appState.zoom.value;
  const width = text.width + padding * 2;
  const height = text.height + padding * 2;
-  const cx = text.x + text.width / 2;
-  const cy = text.y + text.height / 2;
-  const shiftX = -(text.width / 2 + padding);
-  const shiftY = -(text.height / 2 + padding);
+  const cx = text.x + width / 2;
+  const cy = text.y + height / 2;
+  const shiftX = -(width / 2 + padding);
+  const shiftY = -(height / 2 + padding);
  context.translate(cx + appState.scrollX, cy + appState.scrollY);
  context.rotate(text.angle);
  context.lineWidth = 1 / appState.zoom.value;
  context.strokeStyle = selectionColor;
-  context.globalAlpha = 0.5;
-  context.setLineDash([6 / appState.zoom.value, 4 / appState.zoom.value]);
  context.strokeRect(shiftX, shiftY, width, height);
  context.restore();
 };

-const renderResetAutoResizeHandle = (
-  text: NonDeleted<ExcalidrawTextElement>,
-  context: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
-  appState: InteractiveCanvasAppState,
-  selectionColor: InteractiveCanvasRenderConfig["selectionColor"],
-  formFactor: EditorInterface["formFactor"],
-) => {
-  const autoResizeHandle = getTextAutoResizeHandle(
-    text,
-    appState.zoom.value,
-    formFactor,
-  );
-
-  if (!autoResizeHandle) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  context.save();
-  context.globalAlpha = 0.5;
-  context.lineWidth = 1.5 / appState.zoom.value;
-  context.lineCap = "round";
-  context.strokeStyle = selectionColor;
-  context.beginPath();
-  context.moveTo(
-    autoResizeHandle.start[0] + appState.scrollX,
-    autoResizeHandle.start[1] + appState.scrollY,
-  );
-  context.lineTo(
-    autoResizeHandle.end[0] + appState.scrollX,
-    autoResizeHandle.end[1] + appState.scrollY,
-  );
-  context.stroke();
-  context.restore();
-};
-
 const _renderInteractiveScene = ({
  app,
  canvas,
@@ -1642,19 +1584,10 @@ const _renderInteractiveScene = ({
    }
  }

-  const activeTextElement = getActiveTextElement(selectedElements, appState);
-
-  if (activeTextElement && !activeTextElement.autoResize) {
-    renderResetAutoResizeHandle(
-      activeTextElement,
-      context,
-      appState,
-      renderConfig.selectionColor,
-      editorInterface.formFactor,
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (appState.editingTextElement) {
+  if (
+    appState.editingTextElement &&
+    isTextElement(appState.editingTextElement)
+  ) {
    const textElement = allElementsMap.get(appState.editingTextElement.id) as
      | ExcalidrawTextElement
      | undefined;
@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
-import {
-  getCommonFrameId,
-  getFrameChildrenInsertionIndex,
-  isElementInViewport,
-} from "@excalidraw/element";
+import { isElementInViewport } from "@excalidraw/element";

-import { arrayToMap, memoize, toBrandedType } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { memoize, toBrandedType } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import type {
  ExcalidrawElement,
-  ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement,
-  NonDeleted,
  NonDeletedElementsMap,
  NonDeletedExcalidrawElement,
 } from "@excalidraw/element/types";
@@ -22,21 +16,6 @@ import type { RenderableElementsMap } from "./types";

 import type { AppState } from "../types";

-type GetRenderableElementsOpts = {
-  zoom: AppState["zoom"];
-  offsetLeft: AppState["offsetLeft"];
-  offsetTop: AppState["offsetTop"];
-  scrollX: AppState["scrollX"];
-  scrollY: AppState["scrollY"];
-  height: AppState["height"];
-  width: AppState["width"];
-  editingTextElement: AppState["editingTextElement"];
-  newElement: AppState["newElement"];
-  selectedElements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
-  selectedElementsAreBeingDragged: AppState["selectedElementsAreBeingDragged"];
-  frameToHighlight: AppState["frameToHighlight"];
-};
-
 export class Renderer {
  private scene: Scene;

@@ -44,121 +23,9 @@ export class Renderer {
    this.scene = scene;
  }

-  private getVisibleCanvasElements({
-    elementsMap,
-    zoom,
-    offsetLeft,
-    offsetTop,
-    scrollX,
-    scrollY,
-    height,
-    width,
-  }: {
-    elementsMap: NonDeletedElementsMap;
-    zoom: AppState["zoom"];
-    offsetLeft: AppState["offsetLeft"];
-    offsetTop: AppState["offsetTop"];
-    scrollX: AppState["scrollX"];
-    scrollY: AppState["scrollY"];
-    height: AppState["height"];
-    width: AppState["width"];
-  }): readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[] {
-    const visibleElements: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[] = [];
-    for (const element of elementsMap.values()) {
-      if (
-        isElementInViewport(
-          element,
-          width,
-          height,
-          {
-            zoom,
-            offsetLeft,
-            offsetTop,
-            scrollX,
-            scrollY,
-          },
-          elementsMap,
-        )
-      ) {
-        visibleElements.push(element);
-      }
-    }
-    return visibleElements;
-  }
-
-  private getRenderableElementsMap({
-    elements,
-    editingTextElement,
-    newElement,
-  }: {
-    elements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
-    editingTextElement: AppState["editingTextElement"];
-    newElement: AppState["newElement"];
-  }) {
-    const elementsMap = toBrandedType<RenderableElementsMap>(new Map());
-    const newElementCanvasElement = newElement?.frameId ? null : newElement;
-
-    for (const element of elements) {
-      if (newElementCanvasElement?.id === element.id) {
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      // we don't want to render text element that's being currently edited
-      // (it's rendered on remote only)
-      if (
-        !editingTextElement ||
-        editingTextElement.type !== "text" ||
-        element.id !== editingTextElement.id
-      ) {
-        elementsMap.set(element.id, element);
-      }
-    }
-    return { elementsMap, newElementCanvasElement };
-  }
-
-  private sortSelectedElementsIntoHighlightedFrame<
-    T extends ExcalidrawElement,
-  >({
-    visibleElements,
-    selectedElements,
-    frameToHighlight,
-  }: {
-    selectedElements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
-    visibleElements: readonly T[];
-    frameToHighlight: NonDeleted<ExcalidrawFrameLikeElement>;
-  }): readonly T[] {
-    if (!selectedElements.length) {
-      return visibleElements;
-    }
-
-    // we assume all selected elements are eligible frame children if
-    // frameToHighlight is defined
-    const selectedElementsMap = arrayToMap(selectedElements);
-
-    // thus, all deselected elements are the ones we won't reorder
-    const deselectedElements = visibleElements.filter(
-      (element) => !selectedElementsMap.has(element.id),
-    );
-
-    const insertionIndex = getFrameChildrenInsertionIndex(
-      deselectedElements,
-      frameToHighlight.id,
-    );
-
-    if (insertionIndex === null) {
-      return visibleElements;
-    }
-
-    return [
-      ...deselectedElements.slice(0, insertionIndex),
-      ...selectedElements,
-      ...deselectedElements.slice(insertionIndex),
-    ] as readonly T[];
-  }
-
-  private _getRenderableElements = memoize(
-    ({
-      canvasNonce,
+  public getRenderableElements = (() => {
+    const getVisibleCanvasElements = ({
+      elementsMap,
      zoom,
      offsetLeft,
      offsetTop,
@@ -166,27 +33,70 @@ export class Renderer {
      scrollY,
      height,
      width,
+    }: {
+      elementsMap: NonDeletedElementsMap;
+      zoom: AppState["zoom"];
+      offsetLeft: AppState["offsetLeft"];
+      offsetTop: AppState["offsetTop"];
+      scrollX: AppState["scrollX"];
+      scrollY: AppState["scrollY"];
+      height: AppState["height"];
+      width: AppState["width"];
+    }): readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[] => {
+      const visibleElements: NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[] = [];
+      for (const element of elementsMap.values()) {
+        if (
+          isElementInViewport(
+            element,
+            width,
+            height,
+            {
+              zoom,
+              offsetLeft,
+              offsetTop,
+              scrollX,
+              scrollY,
+            },
+            elementsMap,
+          )
+        ) {
+          visibleElements.push(element);
+        }
+      }
+      return visibleElements;
+    };
+
+    const getRenderableElements = ({
+      elements,
      editingTextElement,
-      newElement,
-    }: Omit<
-      GetRenderableElementsOpts,
-      | "selectedElements"
-      | "selectedElementsAreBeingDragged"
-      | "frameToHighlight"
-    > & {
-      canvasNonce: string;
+      newElementId,
+    }: {
+      elements: readonly NonDeletedExcalidrawElement[];
+      editingTextElement: AppState["editingTextElement"];
+      newElementId: ExcalidrawElement["id"] | undefined;
    }) => {
-      const elements = this.scene.getNonDeletedElements();
+      const elementsMap = toBrandedType<RenderableElementsMap>(new Map());

-      const { elementsMap, newElementCanvasElement } =
-        this.getRenderableElementsMap({
-          elements,
-          editingTextElement,
-          newElement,
-        });
+      for (const element of elements) {
+        if (newElementId === element.id) {
+          continue;
+        }

-      const visibleElements = this.getVisibleCanvasElements({
-        elementsMap,
+        // we don't want to render text element that's being currently edited
+        // (it's rendered on remote only)
+        if (
+          !editingTextElement ||
+          editingTextElement.type !== "text" ||
+          element.id !== editingTextElement.id
+        ) {
+          elementsMap.set(element.id, element);
+        }
+      }
+      return elementsMap;
+    };
+
+    return memoize(
+      ({
        zoom,
        offsetLeft,
        offsetTop,
@@ -194,69 +104,52 @@ export class Renderer {
        scrollY,
        height,
        width,
-      });
+        editingTextElement,
+        newElementId,
+        // cache-invalidation nonce
+        sceneNonce: _sceneNonce,
+      }: {
+        zoom: AppState["zoom"];
+        offsetLeft: AppState["offsetLeft"];
+        offsetTop: AppState["offsetTop"];
+        scrollX: AppState["scrollX"];
+        scrollY: AppState["scrollY"];
+        height: AppState["height"];
+        width: AppState["width"];
+        editingTextElement: AppState["editingTextElement"];
+        /** note: first render of newElement will always bust the cache
+         * (we'd have to prefilter elements outside of this function) */
+        newElementId: ExcalidrawElement["id"] | undefined;
+        sceneNonce: ReturnType<InstanceType<typeof Scene>["getSceneNonce"]>;
+      }) => {
+        const elements = this.scene.getNonDeletedElements();

-      return {
-        elementsMap,
-        visibleElements,
-        newElementCanvasElement,
-        canvasNonce,
-      };
-    },
-  );
-
-  public getRenderableElements = (opts: GetRenderableElementsOpts) => {
-    const { newElement } = opts;
-    const canvasNonce = `${this.scene.getSceneNonce()}${
-      newElement?.frameId ? `:${newElement.versionNonce}` : ""
-    }`;
-
-    const ret = this._getRenderableElements({
-      canvasNonce,
-
-      // don't spread `opts` because we don't want to memoize on some props
-
-      zoom: opts.zoom,
-      offsetLeft: opts.offsetLeft,
-      offsetTop: opts.offsetTop,
-      scrollX: opts.scrollX,
-      scrollY: opts.scrollY,
-      height: opts.height,
-      width: opts.width,
-      editingTextElement: opts.editingTextElement,
-      newElement: opts.newElement,
-    });
-
-    // if we're dragging elements over a frame, reorder the selected elements
-    // inside the frame during render (we don't set the `element.frameId` until
-    // pointerup else we'd have to painstainly restore the orig index if user
-    // didn't end up adding elements to the frame)
-    if (
-      opts.frameToHighlight &&
-      opts.selectedElementsAreBeingDragged &&
-      // if all dragged elements are already in the frame, don't reorder
-      getCommonFrameId(opts.selectedElements) !== opts.frameToHighlight.id
-    ) {
-      const reorderedVisibleElements =
-        this.sortSelectedElementsIntoHighlightedFrame({
-          visibleElements: ret.visibleElements,
-          selectedElements: opts.selectedElements,
-          frameToHighlight: opts.frameToHighlight,
+        const elementsMap = getRenderableElements({
+          elements,
+          editingTextElement,
+          newElementId,
        });

-      return {
-        ...ret,
-        visibleElements: reorderedVisibleElements,
-      };
-    }
+        const visibleElements = getVisibleCanvasElements({
+          elementsMap,
+          zoom,
+          offsetLeft,
+          offsetTop,
+          scrollX,
+          scrollY,
+          height,
+          width,
+        });

-    return ret;
-  };
+        return { elementsMap, visibleElements };
+      },
+    );
+  })();

  // NOTE Doesn't destroy everything (scene, rc, etc.) because it may not be
  // safe to break TS contract here (for upstream cases)
  public destroy() {
    renderStaticSceneThrottled.cancel();
-    this._getRenderableElements.clear();
+    this.getRenderableElements.clear();
  }
 }
@@ -157,11 +157,7 @@ const prepareElementsForRender = ({
  let nextElements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[];

  if (exportingFrame) {
-    nextElements = getElementsOverlappingFrame(
-      elements,
-      exportingFrame,
-      arrayToMap(elements),
-    );
+    nextElements = getElementsOverlappingFrame(elements, exportingFrame);
  } else if (frameRendering.enabled && frameRendering.name) {
    nextElements = addFrameLabelsAsTextElements(elements, {
      exportWithDarkMode,
@@ -83,26 +83,6 @@ mockMermaidToExcalidraw({
  },
 });

-const normalizeDialogSnapshot = (dialog: Element) => {
-  const dialogClone = dialog.cloneNode(true) as HTMLElement;
-
-  dialogClone
-    .querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(".ttd-dialog-content")
-    .forEach((element) => {
-      // Radix Tabs injects this during initial mount animation prevention.
-      // Its presence depends on render timing and is unrelated to this test.
-      if (element.style.animationDuration === "0s") {
-        element.style.removeProperty("animation-duration");
-      }
-
-      if (!element.getAttribute("style")) {
-        element.removeAttribute("style");
-      }
-    });
-
-  return dialogClone.outerHTML;
-};
-
 describe("Test <MermaidToExcalidraw/>", () => {
  beforeEach(async () => {
    await render(
@@ -119,7 +99,7 @@ describe("Test <MermaidToExcalidraw/>", () => {
  it("should open mermaid popup when active tool is mermaid", async () => {
    const dialog = document.querySelector(".ttd-dialog")!;
    await waitFor(() => expect(dialog.querySelector("canvas")).not.toBeNull());
-    expect(normalizeDialogSnapshot(dialog)).toMatchSnapshot();
+    expect(dialog.outerHTML).toMatchSnapshot();
  });

  it("should show error in preview when mermaid library throws error", async () => {
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html

-exports[`Test <MermaidToExcalidraw/> > should open mermaid popup when active tool is mermaid 1`] = `"<div class="Modal Dialog ttd-dialog" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="dialog-title"><div class="Modal__background"></div><div class="Modal__content" style="--max-width: 1520px;" tabindex="0"><div class="Island"><div class="Dialog__content"><div dir="ltr" data-orientation="horizontal" class="ttd-dialog-tabs-root"><p class="dialog-mermaid-title">Mermaid to Excalidraw</p><div data-state="active" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-:r4:-trigger-mermaid" id="radix-:r4:-content-mermaid" tabindex="0" class="ttd-dialog-content"><div class="ttd-dialog-desc">Currently only <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/flowchart.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Flowchart</a>, <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/sequenceDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Sequence</a>, <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/classDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Class</a>, and <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/entityRelationshipDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Entity Relationship</a> Diagrams are supported. The other types will be rendered as image in Excalidraw.</div><div class="ttd-dialog-panels"><div class="ttd-dialog-panel"><div class="ttd-dialog-panel-button-container invisible" style="justify-content: flex-start;"></div></div><div class="ttd-dialog-panel"><div class="ttd-dialog-output-wrapper "><div class="ttd-dialog-output-canvas-container"><div class="ttd-dialog-output-canvas-content"><canvas width="89" height="158" dir="ltr"></canvas></div></div></div><div class="ttd-dialog-panel-button-container" style="justify-content: flex-start;"><button type="button" class="excalidraw-button ttd-dialog-panel-button"><div class="">Insert<span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><g stroke-width="1.25"><path d="M4.16602 10H15.8327"></path><path d="M12.5 13.3333L15.8333 10"></path><path d="M12.5 6.66666L15.8333 9.99999"></path></g></svg></span></div></button><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut"><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut__key">Ctrl</div><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut__key">Enter</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>"`;
+exports[`Test <MermaidToExcalidraw/> > should open mermaid popup when active tool is mermaid 1`] = `"<div class="Modal Dialog ttd-dialog" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="dialog-title"><div class="Modal__background"></div><div class="Modal__content" style="--max-width: 1520px;" tabindex="0"><div class="Island"><div class="Dialog__content"><div dir="ltr" data-orientation="horizontal" class="ttd-dialog-tabs-root"><p class="dialog-mermaid-title">Mermaid to Excalidraw</p><div data-state="active" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-:r4:-trigger-mermaid" id="radix-:r4:-content-mermaid" tabindex="0" class="ttd-dialog-content" style=""><div class="ttd-dialog-desc">Currently only <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/flowchart.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Flowchart</a>, <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/sequenceDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Sequence</a>, <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/classDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Class</a>, and <a href="https://mermaid.js.org/syntax/entityRelationshipDiagram.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Entity Relationship</a> Diagrams are supported. The other types will be rendered as image in Excalidraw.</div><div class="ttd-dialog-panels"><div class="ttd-dialog-panel"><div class="ttd-dialog-panel-button-container invisible" style="justify-content: flex-start;"></div></div><div class="ttd-dialog-panel"><div class="ttd-dialog-output-wrapper "><div class="ttd-dialog-output-canvas-container"><div class="ttd-dialog-output-canvas-content"><canvas width="89" height="158" dir="ltr"></canvas></div></div></div><div class="ttd-dialog-panel-button-container" style="justify-content: flex-start;"><button type="button" class="excalidraw-button ttd-dialog-panel-button"><div class="">Insert<span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><g stroke-width="1.25"><path d="M4.16602 10H15.8327"></path><path d="M12.5 13.3333L15.8333 10"></path><path d="M12.5 6.66666L15.8333 9.99999"></path></g></svg></span></div></button><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut"><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut__key">Ctrl</div><div class="ttd-dialog-submit-shortcut__key">Enter</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>"`;

 exports[`Test <MermaidToExcalidraw/> > should show error in preview when mermaid library throws error 1`] = `
 "flowchart TD
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > right-clicking on a group should select whole gro
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": {
    "items": [
@@ -979,6 +978,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > right-clicking on a group should select whole gro
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -1086,7 +1086,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Add to library' in context menu adds e
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -1172,6 +1171,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Add to library' in context menu adds e
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -1300,7 +1300,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Bring forward' in context menu brings
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -1386,6 +1385,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Bring forward' in context menu brings
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -1631,7 +1631,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Bring to front' in context menu brings
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -1717,6 +1716,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Bring to front' in context menu brings
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -1962,7 +1962,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Copy styles' in context menu copies st
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2048,6 +2047,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Copy styles' in context menu copies st
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -2176,7 +2176,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Delete' in context menu deletes elemen
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2260,6 +2259,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Delete' in context menu deletes elemen
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -2417,7 +2417,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Duplicate' in context menu duplicates
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2503,6 +2502,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Duplicate' in context menu duplicates
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -2715,7 +2715,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Group selection' in context menu group
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2806,6 +2805,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Group selection' in context menu group
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -3087,7 +3087,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Paste styles' in context menu pastes s
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -3173,6 +3172,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Paste styles' in context menu pastes s
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -3580,7 +3580,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send backward' in context menu sends e
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -3666,6 +3665,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send backward' in context menu sends e
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -3903,7 +3903,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send to back' in context menu sends el
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -3989,6 +3988,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Send to back' in context menu sends el
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -4226,7 +4226,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Ungroup selection' in context menu ung
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -4315,6 +4314,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Ungroup selection' in context menu ung
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -4358,7 +4358,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Ungroup selection' in context menu ung
  "type": "rectangle",
  "updated": 1,
  "version": 5,
-  "versionNonce": 1006504105,
+  "versionNonce": 760410951,
  "width": 20,
  "x": -10,
  "y": 0,
@@ -4383,14 +4383,14 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > selecting 'Ungroup selection' in context menu ung
  "opacity": 100,
  "roughness": 1,
  "roundness": null,
-  "seed": 400692809,
+  "seed": 238820263,
  "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e",
  "strokeStyle": "solid",
  "strokeWidth": 2,
  "type": "rectangle",
  "updated": 1,
  "version": 5,
-  "versionNonce": 289600103,
+  "versionNonce": 1006504105,
  "width": 20,
  "x": 20,
  "y": 30,
@@ -4637,7 +4637,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Group selection' in context menu for multi
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": {
    "items": [
@@ -5600,6 +5599,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Group selection' in context menu for multi
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -5854,7 +5854,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Ungroup selection' in context menu for gro
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": {
    "items": [
@@ -6819,6 +6818,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Ungroup selection' in context menu for gro
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -6864,7 +6864,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Ungroup selection' in context menu for gro
  "type": "rectangle",
  "updated": 1,
  "version": 4,
-  "versionNonce": 1723083209,
+  "versionNonce": 747212839,
  "width": 10,
  "x": -10,
  "y": 0,
@@ -6891,14 +6891,14 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows 'Ungroup selection' in context menu for gro
  "opacity": 100,
  "roughness": 1,
  "roundness": null,
-  "seed": 400692809,
+  "seed": 238820263,
  "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e",
  "strokeStyle": "solid",
  "strokeWidth": 2,
  "type": "rectangle",
  "updated": 1,
  "version": 4,
-  "versionNonce": 760410951,
+  "versionNonce": 1723083209,
  "width": 10,
  "x": 12,
  "y": 0,
@@ -7122,7 +7122,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for canvas > [end of test] app
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": {
    "items": [
@@ -7772,6 +7771,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for canvas > [end of test] app
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -7811,7 +7811,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for element > [end of test] ap
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": {
    "items": [
@@ -8771,6 +8770,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for element > [end of test] ap
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -8802,7 +8802,6 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for element > [end of test] ap
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": {
    "items": [
@@ -9765,6 +9764,7 @@ exports[`contextMenu element > shows context menu for element > [end of test] ap
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ exports[`given element A and group of elements B and given both are selected whe
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -106,6 +105,7 @@ exports[`given element A and group of elements B and given both are selected whe
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -439,7 +439,6 @@ exports[`given element A and group of elements B and given both are selected whe
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -534,6 +533,7 @@ exports[`given element A and group of elements B and given both are selected whe
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -855,7 +855,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > Cmd/Ctrl-click exclusively select element under poin
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -941,6 +940,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > Cmd/Ctrl-click exclusively select element under poin
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -1421,7 +1421,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > Drags selected element when hitting only bounding bo
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -1507,6 +1506,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > Drags selected element when hitting only bounding bo
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -1628,7 +1628,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > adjusts z order when grouping > [end of test] appSta
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -1719,6 +1718,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > adjusts z order when grouping > [end of test] appSta
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -2012,7 +2012,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > alt-drag duplicates an element > [end of test] appSt
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2100,6 +2099,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > alt-drag duplicates an element > [end of test] appSt
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -2257,7 +2257,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > arrow keys > [end of test] appState 1`] = `
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2343,6 +2342,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > arrow keys > [end of test] appState 1`] = `
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -2437,7 +2437,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > can drag element that covers another element, while
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2525,6 +2524,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > can drag element that covers another element, while
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
    "open": false,
    "panels": 3,
@@ -2762,7 +2762,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > change the properties of a shape > [end of test] app
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -2848,6 +2847,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > change the properties of a shape > [end of test] app
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  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
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+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -3017,7 +3017,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > click on an element and drag it > [dragged] appState
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@@ -3105,6 +3104,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > click on an element and drag it > [dragged] appState
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -3258,7 +3258,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > click on an element and drag it > [end of test] appS
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -3346,6 +3345,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > click on an element and drag it > [end of test] appS
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -3494,7 +3494,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > click to select a shape > [end of test] appState 1`]
  },
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  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -3582,6 +3581,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > click to select a shape > [end of test] appState 1`]
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -3752,7 +3752,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > click-drag to select a group > [end of test] appStat
  },
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
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@@ -3841,6 +3840,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > click-drag to select a group > [end of test] appStat
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -4066,7 +4066,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > deleting last but one element in editing group shoul
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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@@ -4154,6 +4153,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > deleting last but one element in editing group shoul
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -4502,7 +4502,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > deselects group of selected elements on pointer down
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -4617,6 +4616,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > deselects group of selected elements on pointer down
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -4785,7 +4785,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > deselects group of selected elements on pointer up w
  },
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -4872,6 +4871,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > deselects group of selected elements on pointer up w
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -5061,7 +5061,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > deselects selected element on pointer down when poin
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -5175,6 +5174,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > deselects selected element on pointer down when poin
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -5269,7 +5269,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > deselects selected element, on pointer up, when clic
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -5355,6 +5354,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > deselects selected element, on pointer up, when clic
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -5469,7 +5469,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > double click to edit a group > [end of test] appStat
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -5555,6 +5554,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > double click to edit a group > [end of test] appStat
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -5862,7 +5862,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > drags selected elements from point inside common bou
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -5952,6 +5951,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > drags selected elements from point inside common bou
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -6159,7 +6159,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > draw every type of shape > [end of test] appState 1`
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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@@ -6948,7 +6947,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > given a group of selected elements with an element t
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -7037,6 +7035,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > given a group of selected elements with an element t
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -7282,7 +7281,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > given a selected element A and a not selected elemen
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  "bindMode": "orbit",
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -7371,6 +7369,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > given a selected element A and a not selected elemen
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -7561,7 +7560,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > given selected element A with lower z-index than uns
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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@@ -7649,6 +7647,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > given selected element A with lower z-index than uns
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -7796,7 +7795,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > given selected element A with lower z-index than uns
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -7884,6 +7882,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > given selected element A with lower z-index than uns
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -8036,7 +8035,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 2 selects rectangle tool > [end of test] appStat
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -8122,6 +8120,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 2 selects rectangle tool > [end of test] appStat
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -8216,7 +8215,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 3 selects diamond tool > [end of test] appState
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -8302,6 +8300,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 3 selects diamond tool > [end of test] appState
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -8396,7 +8395,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 4 selects ellipse tool > [end of test] appState
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -8482,6 +8480,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 4 selects ellipse tool > [end of test] appState
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -8576,7 +8575,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 5 selects arrow tool > [end of test] appState 1`
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -8809,7 +8807,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 6 selects line tool > [end of test] appState 1`]
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  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -9040,7 +9037,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 7 selects freedraw tool > [end of test] appState
  },
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  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -9124,6 +9120,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > key 7 selects freedraw tool > [end of test] appState
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -9232,7 +9229,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key a selects arrow tool > [end of test] appState 1`
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -9465,7 +9461,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key d selects diamond tool > [end of test] appState
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -9551,6 +9546,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > key d selects diamond tool > [end of test] appState
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -9645,7 +9641,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key l selects line tool > [end of test] appState 1`]
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -9876,7 +9871,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key o selects ellipse tool > [end of test] appState
  },
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  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -9962,6 +9956,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > key o selects ellipse tool > [end of test] appState
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -10056,7 +10051,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key p selects freedraw tool > [end of test] appState
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -10140,6 +10134,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > key p selects freedraw tool > [end of test] appState
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -10248,7 +10243,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > key r selects rectangle tool > [end of test] appStat
  },
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  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -10334,6 +10328,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > key r selects rectangle tool > [end of test] appStat
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -10428,7 +10423,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > make a group and duplicate it > [end of test] appSta
  },
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  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
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@@ -10522,6 +10516,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > make a group and duplicate it > [end of test] appSta
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -10959,7 +10954,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > noop interaction after undo shouldn't create history
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
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@@ -11047,6 +11041,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > noop interaction after undo shouldn't create history
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -11239,7 +11234,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > pinch-to-zoom works > [end of test] appState 1`] = `
  },
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
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@@ -11323,6 +11317,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > pinch-to-zoom works > [end of test] appState 1`] = `
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -11362,7 +11357,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > shift click on selected element should deselect it o
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@@ -11448,6 +11442,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > shift click on selected element should deselect it o
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -11562,7 +11557,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > shift-click to multiselect, then drag > [end of test
  },
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
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@@ -11652,6 +11646,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > shift-click to multiselect, then drag > [end of test
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -11881,7 +11876,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > should group elements and ungroup them > [end of tes
  },
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
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@@ -11973,6 +11967,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > should group elements and ungroup them > [end of tes
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -12310,7 +12305,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > single-clicking on a subgroup of a selected group sh
  },
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -12406,6 +12400,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > single-clicking on a subgroup of a selected group sh
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -12950,7 +12945,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > spacebar + drag scrolls the canvas > [end of test] a
  },
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  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -13037,6 +13031,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > spacebar + drag scrolls the canvas > [end of test] a
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -13076,7 +13071,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > supports nested groups > [end of test] appState 1`]
  },
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  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -13164,6 +13158,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > supports nested groups > [end of test] appState 1`]
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
  "stats": {
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -13707,7 +13702,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > switches from group of selected elements to another
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -13824,6 +13818,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > switches from group of selected elements to another
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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@@ -14046,7 +14041,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > switches selected element on pointer down > [end of
  },
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  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -14162,6 +14156,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > switches selected element on pointer down > [end of
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -14310,7 +14305,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > two-finger scroll works > [end of test] appState 1`]
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  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -14394,6 +14388,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > two-finger scroll works > [end of test] appState 1`]
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -14433,7 +14428,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > undo/redo drawing an element > [end of test] appStat
  },
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-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
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  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -14798,7 +14792,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > updates fontSize & fontFamily appState > [end of tes
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -14882,6 +14875,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > updates fontSize & fontFamily appState > [end of tes
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -14921,7 +14915,6 @@ exports[`regression tests > zoom hotkeys > [end of test] appState 1`] = `
  },
  "bindMode": "orbit",
  "bindingPreference": "enabled",
-  "boxSelectionMode": "contain",
  "collaborators": Map {},
  "contextMenu": null,
  "croppingElementId": null,
@@ -15008,6 +15001,7 @@ exports[`regression tests > zoom hotkeys > [end of test] appState 1`] = `
  "showHyperlinkPopup": false,
  "showWelcomeScreen": true,
  "snapLines": [],
+  "startBoundElement": null,
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    "panels": 3,
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-
-import { AnimationController } from "../renderer/animation";
-
-const FIRST_KEY = "animation-test-first";
-const SECOND_KEY = "animation-test-second";
-
-describe("AnimationController", () => {
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    vi.useFakeTimers();
-    window.EXCALIDRAW_THROTTLE_RENDER = false;
-  });
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    AnimationController.cancel(FIRST_KEY);
-    AnimationController.cancel(SECOND_KEY);
-    window.EXCALIDRAW_THROTTLE_RENDER = undefined;
-    vi.useRealTimers();
-  });
-
-  it("starts a new animation after the previous last animation was cancelled", async () => {
-    let firstFrames = 0;
-    AnimationController.start(FIRST_KEY, () => {
-      firstFrames++;
-      return { keep: true };
-    });
-
-    expect(firstFrames).toBe(1);
-
-    AnimationController.cancel(FIRST_KEY);
-    await vi.runOnlyPendingTimersAsync();
-
-    let secondFrames = 0;
-    AnimationController.start(SECOND_KEY, () => {
-      secondFrames++;
-      return secondFrames === 1 ? { keep: true } : null;
-    });
-
-    expect(secondFrames).toBe(1);
-
-    await vi.runOnlyPendingTimersAsync();
-
-    expect(secondFrames).toBe(2);
-    expect(AnimationController.running(SECOND_KEY)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it("cancels a frame scheduled during a tick if no animations remain", async () => {
-    let firstFrames = 0;
-    let secondFrames = 0;
-
-    AnimationController.start(FIRST_KEY, ({ state }) => {
-      if (!state) {
-        return { keep: true };
-      }
-
-      firstFrames++;
-
-      AnimationController.start(SECOND_KEY, () => {
-        secondFrames++;
-        return { keep: true };
-      });
-      AnimationController.cancel(SECOND_KEY);
-
-      return null;
-    });
-
-    await vi.runOnlyPendingTimersAsync();
-
-    expect(firstFrames).toBe(1);
-    expect(secondFrames).toBe(1);
-    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(0);
-  });
-});
@@ -305,88 +305,8 @@ describe("pasting & frames", () => {

    await waitFor(() => {
      expect(h.elements.length).toBe(2);
-      expect(h.elements[0].type).toBe(rect.type);
-      expect(h.elements[0].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements[1].id).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements[0].index! < frame.index!).toBe(true);
-    });
-  });
-
-  it("should layer pasted elements above the highest frame child", async () => {
-    const frame = API.createElement({
-      type: "frame",
-      width: 100,
-      height: 100,
-      x: 0,
-      y: 0,
-    });
-    const frameChild = API.createElement({
-      id: "frameChild",
-      type: "rectangle",
-      x: 10,
-      y: 10,
-      width: 20,
-      height: 20,
-      frameId: frame.id,
-    });
-    const rect = API.createElement({ type: "rectangle" });
-
-    API.setElements([frameChild, frame]);
-
-    const clipboardJSON = await serializeAsClipboardJSON({
-      elements: [rect],
-      files: null,
-    });
-
-    mouse.moveTo(50, 50);
-
-    pasteWithCtrlCmdV(clipboardJSON);
-
-    await waitFor(() => {
-      expect(h.elements.length).toBe(3);
      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(rect.type);
      expect(h.elements[1].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements.map((element) => element.id)).toEqual([
-        frameChild.id,
-        h.elements[1].id,
-        frame.id,
-      ]);
-      expect(h.elements[1].index! > frameChild.index!).toBe(true);
-      expect(h.elements[1].index! < frame.index!).toBe(true);
-    });
-  });
-
-  it("should preserve denormalized pasted frame child order", async () => {
-    const frame = API.createElement({
-      type: "frame",
-      width: 100,
-      height: 100,
-      x: 0,
-      y: 0,
-    });
-    const frameChild = API.createElement({
-      type: "rectangle",
-      x: 10,
-      y: 10,
-      width: 20,
-      height: 20,
-      frameId: frame.id,
-    });
-
-    const clipboardJSON = await serializeAsClipboardJSON({
-      elements: [frame, frameChild],
-      files: null,
-    });
-
-    mouse.moveTo(200, 200);
-
-    pasteWithCtrlCmdV(clipboardJSON);
-
-    await waitFor(() => {
-      expect(h.elements.length).toBe(2);
-      expect(h.elements[0].type).toBe(frame.type);
-      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(frameChild.type);
-      expect(h.elements[1].frameId).toBe(h.elements[0].id);
    });
  });

@@ -459,9 +379,8 @@ describe("pasting & frames", () => {

    await waitFor(() => {
      expect(h.elements.length).toBe(3);
-      expect(h.elements[0].type).toBe(rect.type);
-      expect(h.elements[0].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements[1].id).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(rect.type);
+      expect(h.elements[1].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
      expect(h.elements[2].type).toBe(rect2.type);
      expect(h.elements[2].frameId).toBe(null);
    });
@@ -503,11 +422,10 @@ describe("pasting & frames", () => {

    await waitFor(() => {
      expect(h.elements.length).toBe(3);
-      expect(h.elements[0].type).toBe(rect.type);
-      expect(h.elements[0].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(rect2.type);
+      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(rect.type);
      expect(h.elements[1].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements[2].id).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[2].type).toBe(rect2.type);
+      expect(h.elements[2].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
    });
  });

@@ -555,9 +473,8 @@ describe("pasting & frames", () => {

    await waitFor(() => {
      expect(h.elements.length).toBe(4);
-      expect(h.elements[0].type).toBe(rect.type);
-      expect(h.elements[0].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
-      expect(h.elements[1].id).toBe(frame.id);
+      expect(h.elements[1].type).toBe(rect.type);
+      expect(h.elements[1].frameId).toBe(frame.id);
      expect(h.elements[2].type).toBe(rect2.type);
      expect(h.elements[2].frameId).toBe(h.elements[3].id);
      expect(h.elements[3].type).toBe(frame2.type);
@@ -160,39 +160,6 @@ describe("restoreElements", () => {
    });
  });

-  it("should restore only valid freedraw points and keep pressures aligned", () => {
-    const freedrawElement = API.createElement({
-      type: "freedraw",
-      id: "id-freedraw-invalid-points",
-      points: [pointFrom(0, 0), pointFrom(10, 10)],
-    });
-
-    const restoredFreedraw = restore.restoreElements(
-      [
-        {
-          ...freedrawElement,
-          simulatePressure: false,
-          points: [
-            pointFrom(0, 0),
-            [Infinity, 10],
-            null,
-            pointFrom(20, 20),
-            [NaN, 30],
-            [40, null],
-          ],
-          pressures: [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6],
-        } as any,
-      ],
-      null,
-    )[0] as ExcalidrawFreeDrawElement;
-
-    expect(restoredFreedraw.points).toEqual([
-      pointFrom(0, 0),
-      pointFrom(20, 20),
-    ]);
-    expect(restoredFreedraw.pressures).toEqual([0.1, 0.4]);
-  });
-
  it("should restore line and draw elements correctly", () => {
    const lineElement = API.createElement({ type: "line", id: "id-line01" });

@@ -433,52 +400,6 @@ describe("restoreElements", () => {
    expect(restoredLine.points).toMatchObject(expectedLinePoints);
  });

-  it("should restore only valid linear points", () => {
-    const lineElement: any = API.createElement({
-      type: "line",
-      x: 10,
-      y: 20,
-      width: 100,
-      height: 200,
-    });
-    const arrowElement: any = API.createElement({
-      type: "arrow",
-      width: 100,
-      height: 200,
-    });
-
-    lineElement.points = [
-      [2, 3],
-      null,
-      [Infinity, 4],
-      [5, 7],
-      [NaN, 8],
-      [9, null],
-    ];
-    arrowElement.points = [
-      [null, 0],
-      [Infinity, 4],
-    ];
-
-    const restoredElements = restore.restoreElements(
-      [lineElement, arrowElement],
-      null,
-    );
-    const restoredLine = restoredElements[0] as ExcalidrawLinearElement;
-    const restoredArrow = restoredElements[1] as ExcalidrawArrowElement;
-
-    expect(restoredLine.points).toEqual([pointFrom(0, 0), pointFrom(3, 4)]);
-    expect(restoredLine.x).toBe(12);
-    expect(restoredLine.y).toBe(23);
-    expect(restoredLine.width).toBe(3);
-    expect(restoredLine.height).toBe(4);
-
-    expect(restoredArrow.points).toEqual([
-      pointFrom(0, 0),
-      pointFrom(100, 200),
-    ]);
-  });
-
  it("when the number of points of a line is greater or equal 2", () => {
    const lineElement_0 = API.createElement({
      type: "line",
@@ -94,42 +94,3 @@ export const testPolyfills = {
  // https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/pull/4164#issuecomment-2172729965
  URL,
 };
-
-export const PolyfillLocalStorage = () => {
-  // Node.js 25+ provides a native localStorage global that shadows jsdom's,
-  // and jsdom's own localStorage also uses the native one -- both are broken
-  // (empty objects without Storage methods). On older Node versions, jsdom
-  // provides a working localStorage. This polyfill replaces localStorage on
-  // all supported versions with a standard Storage implementation backed by
-  // a Map, ensuring consistent behavior regardless of the Node.js version.
-  const storage = new Map<string, string>();
-  const storagePolyfill: Storage = {
-    get length() {
-      return storage.size;
-    },
-    clear() {
-      storage.clear();
-    },
-    key(index) {
-      return Array.from(storage.keys())[index] ?? null;
-    },
-    getItem(key) {
-      return storage.get(key) ?? null;
-    },
-    setItem(key, value) {
-      storage.set(key, value);
-    },
-    removeItem(key) {
-      storage.delete(key);
-    },
-    *[Symbol.iterator]() {
-      yield* storage.entries();
-    },
-  };
-
-  Object.defineProperty(window, "localStorage", {
-    value: storagePolyfill,
-    writable: true,
-    configurable: true,
-  });
-};
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import {
  elementCenterPoint,
  getCommonBounds,
  getElementPointsCoords,
-  getLineHeightInPx,
 } from "@excalidraw/element";
 import { cropElement } from "@excalidraw/element";
 import {
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ import {
  isTextElement,
  isFrameLikeElement,
 } from "@excalidraw/element";
-import { KEYS, arrayToMap, getLineHeight } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { KEYS, arrayToMap } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import type { GlobalPoint, LocalPoint, Radians } from "@excalidraw/math";

@@ -517,17 +516,8 @@ export class UI {
    UI.clickTool(type);

    if (type === "text") {
-      const clickY = h.state.gridModeEnabled
-        ? y
-        : y +
-          getLineHeightInPx(
-            h.state.currentItemFontSize,
-            getLineHeight(h.state.currentItemFontFamily),
-          ) /
-            2;
-
      mouse.reset();
-      mouse.click(x, clickY);
+      mouse.click(x, y);
    } else if ((type === "line" || type === "arrow") && points.length > 2) {
      points.forEach((point) => {
        mouse.reset();
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ describe("history", () => {
        expect.objectContaining({ id: rect2.id, isDeleted: true }),
      ]);

-      mouse.downAt(-10, -10);
+      mouse.downAt(0, 0);
      mouse.moveTo(25, 25);
      mouse.moveTo(50, 50);
      mouse.upAt(50, 50);
@@ -2971,82 +2971,6 @@ describe("history", () => {
      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBeNull();
    });

-    // TODO mark with "noncritical" tag once we migrate to vitest 4
-    it.skip("should support undo and redo when escape unwinds nested group editing", async () => {
-      const rectA = API.createElement({
-        type: "rectangle",
-        groupIds: ["inner", "outer"],
-        x: 0,
-      });
-      const rectB = API.createElement({
-        type: "rectangle",
-        groupIds: ["outer"],
-        x: 100,
-      });
-      const rectC = API.createElement({
-        type: "rectangle",
-        groupIds: ["inner", "outer"],
-        x: 200,
-      });
-
-      API.setElements([rectA, rectB, rectC]);
-      mouse.select(rectA);
-      mouse.doubleClickOn(rectA);
-      mouse.doubleClickOn(rectA);
-
-      assertSelectedElements([rectA]);
-      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBe("inner");
-      expect(API.getUndoStack().length).toBe(3);
-      expect(API.getRedoStack().length).toBe(0);
-
-      Keyboard.keyPress(KEYS.ESCAPE);
-      assertSelectedElements([rectA, rectC]);
-      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBe("outer");
-      expect(API.getUndoStack().length).toBe(4);
-      expect(API.getRedoStack().length).toBe(0);
-
-      Keyboard.keyPress(KEYS.ESCAPE);
-      assertSelectedElements([rectA, rectB, rectC]);
-      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBeNull();
-      expect(h.state.selectedGroupIds).toEqual({ outer: true });
-      expect(API.getUndoStack().length).toBe(5);
-      expect(API.getRedoStack().length).toBe(0);
-
-      Keyboard.keyPress(KEYS.ESCAPE);
-      expect(API.getSelectedElements()).toEqual([]);
-      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBeNull();
-      expect(h.state.selectedGroupIds).toEqual({});
-      expect(API.getUndoStack().length).toBe(6);
-      expect(API.getRedoStack().length).toBe(0);
-
-      Keyboard.undo();
-      assertSelectedElements([rectA, rectB, rectC]);
-      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBeNull();
-      expect(h.state.selectedGroupIds).toEqual({ outer: true });
-
-      Keyboard.undo();
-      assertSelectedElements([rectA, rectC]);
-      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBe("outer");
-
-      Keyboard.undo();
-      assertSelectedElements([rectA]);
-      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBe("inner");
-
-      Keyboard.redo();
-      assertSelectedElements([rectA, rectC]);
-      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBe("outer");
-
-      Keyboard.redo();
-      assertSelectedElements([rectA, rectB, rectC]);
-      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBeNull();
-      expect(h.state.selectedGroupIds).toEqual({ outer: true });
-
-      Keyboard.redo();
-      expect(API.getSelectedElements()).toEqual([]);
-      expect(h.state.editingGroupId).toBeNull();
-      expect(h.state.selectedGroupIds).toEqual({});
-    });
-
    it("should iterate through the history when selected or editing linear element was remotely deleted", async () => {
      // create three point arrow
      UI.clickTool("arrow");
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { MIME_TYPES, randomId, reseed } from "@excalidraw/common";
+import { randomId, reseed } from "@excalidraw/common";

 import type { FileId } from "@excalidraw/element/types";

@@ -17,41 +17,18 @@ import {
 } from "./fixtures/constants";
 import { INITIALIZED_IMAGE_PROPS } from "./helpers/constants";

-import type { ExcalidrawProps } from "../types";
-
 const { h } = window;

 export const setupImageTest = async (
  sizes: { width: number; height: number }[],
-  props?: ExcalidrawProps,
 ) => {
-  await render(
-    <Excalidraw autoFocus={true} handleKeyboardGlobally={true} {...props} />,
-  );
+  await render(<Excalidraw autoFocus={true} handleKeyboardGlobally={true} />);

  h.state.height = 1000;

  mockMultipleHTMLImageElements(sizes.map((size) => [size.width, size.height]));
 };

-describe("resizeImageFile", () => {
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    vi.unstubAllGlobals();
-  });
-
-  it("returns the original file when it already fits the max dimensions", async () => {
-    mockMultipleHTMLImageElements([[100, 100]]);
-
-    const imageFile = new File([new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])], "image.png", {
-      type: MIME_TYPES.png,
-    });
-
-    await expect(
-      blobModule.resizeImageFile(imageFile, { maxWidthOrHeight: 200 }),
-    ).resolves.toBe(imageFile);
-  });
-});
-
 describe("image insertion", () => {
  beforeEach(() => {
    vi.clearAllMocks();
@@ -135,42 +112,4 @@ describe("image insertion", () => {

    await assert();
  });
-
-  it("passes host-configured max image dimensions to the resize helper", async () => {
-    await setupImageTest([DEER_IMAGE_DIMENSIONS], {
-      imageOptions: { maxWidthOrHeight: 2048 },
-    });
-
-    await API.drop([
-      { kind: "file", file: await API.loadFile("./fixtures/deer.png") },
-    ]);
-
-    await waitFor(() => {
-      expect(blobModule.resizeImageFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        expect.any(File),
-        { maxWidthOrHeight: 2048 },
-      );
-    });
-  });
-
-  it("enforces host-configured max image file size", async () => {
-    await setupImageTest([DEER_IMAGE_DIMENSIONS], {
-      imageOptions: { maxFileSizeBytes: 1024 * 1024 },
-    });
-
-    await API.drop([
-      {
-        kind: "file",
-        file: new File([new Uint8Array(2 * 1024 * 1024)], "image.png", {
-          type: MIME_TYPES.png,
-        }),
-      },
-    ]);
-
-    await waitFor(() => {
-      expect(h.state.errorMessage).toBe(
-        "File is too big. Maximum allowed size is 1MB.",
-      );
-    });
-  });
 });
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { API } from "./helpers/api";
 import { Pointer } from "./helpers/ui";
 import { act, GlobalTestState, render, waitFor } from "./test-utils";

-import type { Collaborator, ExcalidrawProps, SocketId } from "../types";
+import type { ExcalidrawProps } from "../types";

 describe("laser tool interactions", () => {
  const h = window.h;
@@ -128,36 +128,4 @@ describe("laser tool interactions", () => {
    expect(h.state.scrollY).toBe(initialScrollY);
    expect(GlobalTestState.interactiveCanvas.style.cursor).toContain("");
  });
-
-  it("cleans up remote laser trails when the last collaborator leaves", async () => {
-    await render(<Excalidraw />);
-
-    const socketId = "socket-id" as SocketId;
-    const collaborators = new Map<SocketId, Collaborator>([
-      [
-        socketId,
-        {
-          pointer: {
-            x: 10,
-            y: 10,
-            tool: "laser",
-          },
-          button: "down",
-        },
-      ],
-    ]);
-    const svgLayer = document.querySelector(".SVGLayer svg")!;
-
-    act(() => {
-      h.app.updateScene({ collaborators });
-    });
-
-    expect(svgLayer.querySelectorAll("path")).toHaveLength(1);
-
-    act(() => {
-      h.app.updateScene({ collaborators: new Map() });
-    });
-
-    expect(svgLayer.querySelectorAll("path")).toHaveLength(0);
-  });
 });
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Ryan Di	7e84a931e1	remove agent.md	2026-03-18 21:29:14 +11:00
Ryan Di	3b6de119b3	fix: clip frame children completely out of bounds	2026-03-18 21:16:40 +11:00