diff --git a/packages/excalidraw/data/schema.test.ts b/packages/excalidraw/data/schema.test.ts
index fef2495ed3..f5428018dc 100644
--- a/packages/excalidraw/data/schema.test.ts
+++ b/packages/excalidraw/data/schema.test.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@ import { DEFAULT_ELEMENT_PROPS } from "@excalidraw/common";
 
 import { API } from "../tests/helpers/api";
 import {
+  ALL_SCOPES,
+  type SchemaMigration,
   migrateElementsBySchema,
   resolveSchemaVersion,
+  SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS,
   SCHEMA_VERSIONS,
+  validateSchemaMigrations,
 } from "./schema";
 
 describe("schema migration", () => {
@@ -13,14 +17,15 @@ describe("schema migration", () => {
       type: "frame",
       backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
     });
-    (frame as any).backgroundEnabled = true;
 
-    const migrated = migrateElementsBySchema([frame], SCHEMA_VERSIONS.initial)!;
+    const migrated = migrateElementsBySchema([frame], {
+      schemaVersion: SCHEMA_VERSIONS.initial,
+      scope: "scene",
+    })!;
 
     expect(migrated[0].backgroundColor).toBe(
       DEFAULT_ELEMENT_PROPS.backgroundColor,
     );
-    expect((migrated[0] as any).backgroundEnabled).toBeUndefined();
   });
 
   it("should keep latest-schema frame backgrounds unchanged", () => {
@@ -28,30 +33,30 @@ describe("schema migration", () => {
       type: "frame",
       backgroundColor: "#ffc9c9",
     });
-    (frame as any).backgroundEnabled = true;
 
-    const migrated = migrateElementsBySchema(
-      [frame],
-      SCHEMA_VERSIONS.latest,
-    )!;
+    const migrated = migrateElementsBySchema([frame], {
+      schemaVersion: SCHEMA_VERSIONS.latest,
+      scope: "scene",
+    })!;
 
     expect(migrated[0].backgroundColor).toBe("#ffc9c9");
-    expect((migrated[0] as any).backgroundEnabled).toBeUndefined();
   });
 
-  it("should normalize legacy false-flag frame backgrounds", () => {
+  it("should normalize legacy frame backgrounds across all scopes", () => {
     const frame = API.createElement({
       type: "frame",
       backgroundColor: "#a5d8ff",
     });
-    (frame as any).backgroundEnabled = false;
 
-    const migrated = migrateElementsBySchema([frame], SCHEMA_VERSIONS.initial)!;
-
-    expect(migrated[0].backgroundColor).toBe(
-      DEFAULT_ELEMENT_PROPS.backgroundColor,
-    );
-    expect((migrated[0] as any).backgroundEnabled).toBeUndefined();
+    for (const scope of ALL_SCOPES) {
+      const migrated = migrateElementsBySchema([frame], {
+        schemaVersion: SCHEMA_VERSIONS.initial,
+        scope,
+      })!;
+      expect(migrated[0].backgroundColor).toBe(
+        DEFAULT_ELEMENT_PROPS.backgroundColor,
+      );
+    }
   });
 
   it("should resolve invalid schema versions using fallback", () => {
@@ -63,4 +68,34 @@ describe("schema migration", () => {
     );
     expect(resolveSchemaVersion(2, SCHEMA_VERSIONS.initial)).toBe(2);
   });
+
+  it("should have a valid migration registry configuration", () => {
+    expect(validateSchemaMigrations(SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS)).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("should reject invalid migration metadata", () => {
+    const invalidMigrations: SchemaMigration[] = [
+      {
+        version: 2.1,
+        title: "bad migration",
+        description: " ",
+        scope: [],
+        apply: (elements) => elements,
+      },
+      {
+        version: 2.1,
+        title: "duplicate",
+        description: "duplicate version",
+        scope: ["scene"],
+        apply: (elements) => elements,
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const errors = validateSchemaMigrations(invalidMigrations);
+
+    expect(errors.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(errors.join("\n")).toContain("integer version");
+    expect(errors.join("\n")).toContain("non-empty description");
+    expect(errors.join("\n")).toContain("Duplicate schema migration version");
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/excalidraw/data/schema.ts b/packages/excalidraw/data/schema.ts
index e352a6fb7f..732ec9694d 100644
--- a/packages/excalidraw/data/schema.ts
+++ b/packages/excalidraw/data/schema.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,48 @@ export const SCHEMA_VERSIONS = {
   latest: 2,
 } as const;
 
+export const SCHEMA_MIGRATION_SCOPES = [
+  "scene",
+  "library",
+  "clipboard",
+  "api",
+] as const;
+
+export type SchemaMigrationScope = (typeof SCHEMA_MIGRATION_SCOPES)[number];
+
+export const ALL_SCOPES: readonly SchemaMigrationScope[] =
+  SCHEMA_MIGRATION_SCOPES;
+
+export type SchemaMigration = {
+  version: number;
+  title: string;
+  description: string;
+  scope: readonly SchemaMigrationScope[];
+  apply: (
+    elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[],
+  ) => readonly ExcalidrawElement[];
+};
+
+export const SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS: readonly SchemaMigration[] = [
+  {
+    version: SCHEMA_VERSIONS.frameBackgrounds,
+    title: "Normalize legacy frame backgrounds",
+    description:
+      "Frames saved before schema v2 must render without visible fill, so normalize their backgroundColor to transparent on restore.",
+    scope: ALL_SCOPES,
+    apply: (elements) =>
+      elements.map((element) => {
+        if (element.type !== "frame") {
+          return element;
+        }
+        return {
+          ...element,
+          backgroundColor: DEFAULT_ELEMENT_PROPS.backgroundColor,
+        };
+      }),
+  },
+];
+
 export const resolveSchemaVersion = (
   schemaVersion: number | undefined,
   fallbackVersion: number,
@@ -21,31 +63,94 @@ export const resolveSchemaVersion = (
   return fallbackVersion;
 };
 
+export const validateSchemaMigrations = (
+  migrations: readonly SchemaMigration[],
+) => {
+  const errors: string[] = [];
+  const seenVersions = new Set<number>();
+  let previousVersion: number = SCHEMA_VERSIONS.initial;
+
+  for (const migration of migrations) {
+    if (!Number.isInteger(migration.version)) {
+      errors.push(
+        `Migration "${migration.title}" must use an integer version.`,
+      );
+    }
+    if (migration.version <= SCHEMA_VERSIONS.initial) {
+      errors.push(
+        `Migration "${migration.title}" version must be greater than schema initial version.`,
+      );
+    }
+    if (seenVersions.has(migration.version)) {
+      errors.push(
+        `Duplicate schema migration version found: ${migration.version}.`,
+      );
+    }
+    seenVersions.add(migration.version);
+
+    if (migration.version <= previousVersion) {
+      errors.push(
+        `Migration "${migration.title}" must be ordered by increasing version.`,
+      );
+    }
+    previousVersion = migration.version;
+
+    if (!migration.description.trim()) {
+      errors.push(
+        `Migration "${migration.title}" must include a non-empty description.`,
+      );
+    }
+    if (!migration.scope.length) {
+      errors.push(`Migration "${migration.title}" must declare at least one scope.`);
+    }
+    for (const scope of migration.scope) {
+      if (!SCHEMA_MIGRATION_SCOPES.includes(scope)) {
+        errors.push(
+          `Migration "${migration.title}" contains unsupported scope "${scope}".`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (migrations.length > 0 && previousVersion !== SCHEMA_VERSIONS.latest) {
+    errors.push(
+      `SCHEMA_VERSIONS.latest (${SCHEMA_VERSIONS.latest}) must match last migration version (${previousVersion}).`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  return errors;
+};
+
+const schemaMigrationValidationErrors = validateSchemaMigrations(
+  SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS,
+);
+if (schemaMigrationValidationErrors.length) {
+  throw new Error(
+    `Invalid schema migration configuration:\n${schemaMigrationValidationErrors.join("\n")}`,
+  );
+}
+
 export const migrateElementsBySchema = (
   elements: readonly ExcalidrawElement[] | null | undefined,
-  schemaVersion: number,
+  opts: {
+    schemaVersion: number;
+    scope: SchemaMigrationScope;
+  },
 ) => {
   if (!elements) {
     return elements;
   }
 
-  return elements.map((element) => {
-    if (element.type !== "frame") {
-      return element;
-    }
-
-    const { backgroundEnabled: _, ...frameWithoutBackgroundEnabled } =
-      element as ExcalidrawElement & {
-        backgroundEnabled?: boolean;
-      };
-
-    if (schemaVersion >= SCHEMA_VERSIONS.frameBackgrounds) {
-      return frameWithoutBackgroundEnabled;
-    }
-
-    return {
-      ...frameWithoutBackgroundEnabled,
-      backgroundColor: DEFAULT_ELEMENT_PROPS.backgroundColor,
-    } as ExcalidrawElement;
-  });
+  return SCHEMA_MIGRATIONS.reduce<readonly ExcalidrawElement[]>(
+    (acc, migration) => {
+      if (migration.version <= opts.schemaVersion) {
+        return acc;
+      }
+      if (!migration.scope.includes(opts.scope)) {
+        return acc;
+      }
+      return migration.apply(acc);
+    },
+    elements,
+  );
 };